The electron density distribution in the f sub 2-layer of the ionosphere in winter.
Wintertime f-2 layer electron density distribution, relating ionization increase to magnetic dip, solar cycle and winter anomaly
F- 2 LAYER↗
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THE ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE F SUB 2 LAYER OF THE IONOSPHERE IN WINTER
Electron density distribution in the f-2 layer of the ionosphere in winter, and the relation of the enhanced ionization to the so-called winters anomaly
F LAYER↗
THE ELECTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTION ON THE F SUB 2 LAYER OF THE IONOSPHERE IN WINTER
Electron density distribution in ionosphere f2 layer in winter
F-2 LAYER↗
The ionosphere and upper atmosphere of Venus
A summary is presented of current understanding of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Venus and its interaction with the solar wind, based on data from the Mariner 5 and Mariner 10 fly-bys and on far UV spectra obtained in rocket experiments. The major constituent of the upper atmosphere is CO2. Minor constituents include H, He, O, C, and CO and probably N2, Cl, and S. Although the thermal escape rate is only about 10,000/sq cm/sec, the H content in the exosphere appears to be highly variable. A prominent peak in the ionosphere profile near 140 km, appearing both on the day and nightside, is identified as an F(1) layer. An E layer and possibly an F(2) layer are present at 125 and 170 km, respectively. The dayside ionosphere may be explained in terms of the absorption of solar radiation by CO2, O, and He. The transport of ions from day to nightside may be important in the formation of the nightside ionosphere; an additional source may be needed to explain the nightside E layer. There is observational evidence that the solar wind interacts directly with the Venusian atmosphere, resulting in the formation of a bow shock. This may in part be explained by a balance at the ionopause between the solar wind ram pressure and the planetary plasma pressure.
Kumar, S.↗
Interaction of internal gravity waves with the ionospheric F2-layer
Traveling ionospheric disturbances excitation in F 2 layer by passing acoustic gravity waves
Clark, R. M.↗
Spatial distribution of anomalous ionization in the f2 layer at high latitudes <prostrans- tvennoye raspredeleniye anomal'noy ionyzatsii v sloye f2 v vysokikh shirotakh<
Spatial distribution of anomalous ionization in f- 2 layer at high latitude
F-2 LAYER↗
Variations in the altitudes of the maximum electron concentration of the f2 region <izmeneniye vysot maksimal'noy elektronnoy kontsentratsii oblasti f2<
Variations in altitudes of maximum electron concentration of f- 2 layer
ALTITUDE↗
The lunar perturbation of the critical frequency of the F2-layer at low latitudes.
Semidiurnal lunar perturbation of critical frequency of F 2 layer at low latitudes from IGY-IGC and IQSY data
Rush, C. M.↗
Latitudinal and seasonal distribution of the daily maxima and minima of f0f2 values <o shirotnom i sezonnom raspredelenii maksimal'nykh - minimal'nykh sutochnykh znacheniy f0f2<
Latitudinal and seasonal distribution of daily maxima and minima of f- 2 layer critical frequencies
CRITICAL FREQUENCY↗
Detailed maps of tropical 6300 angstrom units nightglow enhancements and their implications on the ionospheric F2 layer.
Tropical 6300 angstrom red oxygen nightglow enhancements related to variations in height of nighttime F 2 layer, noting implications for layer structure and physics
Peterson, V. L.↗
A topographical study of the f2 region of the ionosphere
Measuring ionospheric electron density in F- 2 layer - diurnal variation
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY↗
The cooling of ionospheric electrons by inelastic collisions with O/3P/
F 2 layer heating by photoelectrons reconsidered in terms of electron inelastic collisions effect on temperature
Whitten, R. C.↗
Calculations for an equatorial F2-region solar eclipse
Solar eclipse effects on equatorial F 2 layer by transient solutions of time dependent continuity equation, calculating electron concentrations
Hanson, W. B.↗
Influence of the earth's magnetic field on the diurnal variation of foF2 /Fourier analysis/
Fourier analysis of diurnal variations in F- 2 ionospheric layer induced by earth magnetic field
MAGNETIC FIELD↗
Ionization transport effects in the equatorial F region.
Continuity equation for electrons in F-2 layer obtained for region near geomagnetic equator at noon including photoionization, recombination, drift, etc
F- 2 LAYER↗
A model of the quiet ionosphere.
Analysis of electron and ion density measurements obtained with rockets suggests simple model of the quiet ionosphere
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY↗
ELECTRON TEMPERATURES IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE
Energy loss processes for fast electrons, electron heating efficiency, heat input to the electron gas, effect of thermal coupling, and electron thermal conductivity above the f2 peak
F- 2 LAYER↗
Dynamic diffusion processes in the exosphere.
Proton diffusion processes in exosphere, noting importance in determining ion scale height above f-2 peak
GREENHOUSE EFFECT↗