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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Being connected to the local community through a Festival mobile application

In this paper we report our investigation into how using and interacting with a local festival mobile app enhanced users’ festival experiences and connected them to other local users and their community. We explored the relationship between users’ perceived basic affordances of mobile technology, perceived opportunities of the festival app, and three elements that sustain the local community — attachment, engagement, and social support networks. Based on the usage logs of 348 active users, as well as survey responses from 80 users, we present a mobile-mediated local community framework and found that engagement is a key mediator of mobile experiences and facets of community.

arts festival↗
DOE OSTI2019

FESTIV (Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integrating Variable generation) [SWR-14-11]

Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integrating Variable generation (FESTIV) is a tool that simulates the realistic representation of steady-state power system operations and scheduling performed by an independent system operator, regional transmission organization, or a vertically integrated regulated utility. The tool integrates security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC), security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED), and automatic generation control (AGC) into one model. These are the three modes of power system scheduling that are used to meet the changing net demand. Each of these submodels have different time characteristics and are used to meet the changing demand at different time resolutions and horizons. This allows multiple timescales to be studied where FESTIV accounts for intertemporal coupling between each submodel and the submodels themselves. It does this while having different objectives between the submodels; commitment of resources, dispatch and reserve commitment, and finally control.

Ela, Erik↗
DOE OSTI2015

Statistical Analysis of the Worker Engagement Survey Administered at the Worker Safety and Security Team Festival

The Worker Safety and Security Team (WSST) at Los Alamos National Laboratory holds an annual festival, WSST-fest, to engage workers and inform them about safety- and securityrelated matters. As part of the 2015 WSST-fest, workers were given the opportunity to participate in a survey assessing their engagement in their organizations and work environments. A total of 789 workers participated in the 23-question survey where they were also invited, optionally, to identify themselves, their organization, and to give open-ended feedback. The survey consisted of 23 positive statements (i.e. “My organization is a good place to work.”) with which the respondent could express a level of agreement. The text of these statements are provided in Table 1. The level of agreement corresponds to a 5-level Likert scale ranging from “Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree.” In addition to assessing the overall positivity or negativity of the scores, the results were partitioned into several cohorts based on the response meta-data (self-identification, comments, etc.) to explore trends. Survey respondents were presented with the options to identify themselves, their organizations and to provide comments. These options suggested the following questions about the data set.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2016

EERE Showcase Event (Solar Decathlon 2015)

The goal of the Orange County Great Park Corporation (Great Park) is to successfully host the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2015. In furtherance of that goal, tasks to be performed within the current reporting period include the following: Task 1.0 Arrange Site Team Visits for January 2015 The Great Park arranged appropriate meeting space for the site team visits over a three-day period, January 8, 2015 through January 10, 2015. Instead of a meeting in Hanger 244, the DOE requested a different meeting space. The working team met in the Operations offices on January 8th. The student teams were welcomed at the City of Irvine’s Lakeview Senior Center on January 9th, and came back on January 10th for breakout sessions. Task 2.0 Outreach Activities The following outreach activities related to the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2015 occurred during and prior to the event: • Promoted the return of the Solar Decathlon 2015 on the City’s website. (cityofirvine.org) • Promoted the return of the Solar Decathlon 2015 through the City’s and Great Park’s social media channels, including Facebook and Twitter. (facebook.com/cityofirvine, facebook.com/orangecountygreatpark, twitter.com/City_of_Irvine, twitter.com/ocgreatpark) • Promoted the return of the Solar Decathlon 2015 and student visit through a City Council Announcement. • Worked to set-up meetings between the U.S. Department of Energy team and potential donors/key stakeholders in Irvine. • Began ICTV filming and coverage of the Solar Decathlon 2015 teams. This includes student team interviews, interview with Richard King and b-roll footage. • Facilitated an interview with Sarah Farrar and the Orange County Register during the recent student visit in January • Information in May was provided to Irvine Unified School District and Tustin Unified School District promoting the three Education Days that the DOE will host during the event. More DOE information is due in August, which will be forwarded to the school districts that will provide important information for school tours. • A promotional ICTV video has been sent through the Irvine Chamber of Commerce and to dozens of businesses in Irvine promoting the Solar Decathlon 2015 and inviting attendance. • Cover story of Fall Inside Irvine magazine detailed teams competing in Solar Decathlon. Magazine goes to more than 100,000 Irvine residences. • Produced public service announcement with KPCC radio to air 9/28-10/16. Outreach also included a web banner on the station’s website. • Full-page advertisements in special sections of the Orange County Register, including UCI 50th Anniversary magazine that went to over 1 million readers of the Register, the Riverside Press Enterprise and the L.A. Times; Best of Orange County magazine; and Solar Decathlon special section. • Full-page ad in Urban Land magazine Sept./Oct. issue. • Produced ad for Irvine Global Village Festival brochure (tens of thousands in attendance at event.) • Ten posters displayed at Irvine Company properties throughout the City, including the Irvine Spectrum Center. • Rack cards promoting Solar Decathlon displayed at Irvine Spectrum Center, Discovery Science Center, Orange County Farm Bureau (at farmers markets) and at City facilities. • Tote bags promoting Solar Decathlon filled with magnets and rack cards on the event distributed at Irvine Global Village Festival, Great Park farmers market and UCI Festival of Discovery; some 8,000 bags handed out. • E-blast from City of Irvine Community Services Department included information on Solar Decathlon. (List contains 51,000 recipients.) • E-blast to Irvine Co. mailing list sent out 9/30. Web banner posted at shopirvinespectrumcenter.com. • E-blast sent to Orange County Register mailing list on 10/6. • Web banner posted on Orange County Register’s homepage. • E-blast sent by Irvine Chamber of Commerce on 10/9. • E-blast using City’s GovDelivery to 2,100 on 10/12. • Produced additional ads for the Orange County Register to fulfill the in-kind agreement between the DOE and the Register: Friday, Oct. 9, Local front page strip ad; Saturday, Oct. 10, half-page Home & Garden section ad; Sunday, Oct. 11, full page Local section ad; Wednesday, Oct. 14, ½ page Main or Local ad; Friday, Oct. 16, full Local or Main section ad; Saturday, Oct. 17, half-page Home & Garden section ad; Sunday Oct. 18, full page Local or Main ad. • Produced two additional Register ads promoting final days of the event: Full page Main or Local ad for Thursday, Oct. 15 and full page ad in Irvine World News weekly publication. • Produced separate press releases on Solar Decathlon, Volunteer Effort, Children’s Activities Area and Final Days. • Produced and distributed Children’s Activities Days rack cards. • Continued to promote the event on the City’s webpage, Great Park webpage and social media channels. • ICTV produced the “Solar Decathlon Minute” videos, which were posted on the City’s YouTube channel and the solardecathlon.gov website. • Four-minute video promoting Solar Decathlon shown on iShuttles in the City in weeks leading up to event. • Promoted a “Business Day” to local businesses in which businesses could sign up for tour led by Solar Decathlon docents. • Access Irvine Special Event Button running 9/28-10/18/15. • Access Irvine Push Notification on 10/15/15. • Facebook ad boost 10/13-10/18.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Observed Holiday Aerosol Reduction and Temperature Cooling over East Asia

The Spring Festival air pollution in China was investigated using the long-term observations from 2001-2012 over 323 stations. During the Spring Festival with nearly half of urban population leaving the cities for holidays, the particulate matter (PM10) concentration is about 24.5μgm-3 (23%) lower than normal days. Associated with the national-wide burning of firework, the PM10 concentration sharply increases to 123.8μgm-3 at Chinese New Year Day (increment of 35%). Similar to PM10, the SO2 and NO2 decrease from high values in normal days to a holiday minimum with reduction of 23.3% and 30.6%, respectively. The NO2 has no peak in New Year Day because of the different emission source. The night mean and minimum temperature co-vary with PM10. Both nighttime mean and minimum temperature decrease by about 2.1°C during the holidays. And in association with the pollution jump at New Year Day the night temperature simultaneously increase by about 0.89°C. The in-phase co-variations between PM10 and night temperature suggest an overall warming effect of holiday aerosol during winter in China.

Gong, Daoyi↗
DOE OSTI2021

Intervening alcohol marketing to reduce harmful alcohol use and lessons learned from the theory of changes: Case studies in Thailand

Objectives Globally, the burden of disease caused by alcohol use has been steadily increasing, including in Thailand. In this study, we aim to test the effectiveness of Anderson et al.‘s suggested three approaches to change the collective social norms, which comprise of: (1) providing information and an understanding about alcohol use behaviour, its causes and distribution; (2) focusing strategies on groups rather than individuals; and (3) strengthening supportive laws, regulations and approaches. Study design We employed a mixed-methods approach. Evidence was gathered from literature review and in-depth interviews with key individuals who are responsible for community-based interventions to alcohol marketing strategies in Thailand. Methods We chose to focus on two case studies in Nan and Surin provinces, where hospital-based longitudinal data (8 years) were available. Changes in casualties related to the harmful use of alcohol, resulting from interactions between community-based interventions and alcohol marketing during the time of annual festivals were investigated. We employed the theory of change (ToC) defined by Vogel to guide the data collection and analysis. We reviewed literature from online databases and grey literature to generate causal-loop diagrams. Results We created a causal-loop diagram to describe the complexity of harmful alcohol use, its related factors, context, interventions and outcomes. Over the decade between 2006 and 2015, community-based strategies led to a substantial reduction of casualties (initially a 50% reduction, rising to an 80–90% reduction by the end of the study period) during the time of the festivals. Conclusions The reduction in injuries and fatalities could be a result of the concerted actions, including legal sanctions of alcohol beverage sales and advertisement, and public education to raise awareness and impart knowledge of the harmful use of alcohol. The actions were organised by a coalition of civil society, health professionals, public authorities and community leaders using hospital-based data on the adverse effects of harmful alcohol use to mobilise political support at the provincial level. The availability of long-term financial support as a catalytic source of funds and the presence of a comprehensive alcohol control act enabled framing and mobilisation of local resources and political support.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Anomalous holiday precipitation over southern China

The Chinese Spring Festival (CSF, also known as the Chinese New Year or Lunar New Year) is the most important festival in China. Lunar New Year's Day (LNYD) is the first day of the Lunar New Year. Traditionally, the CSF holiday begins a couple of days before LNYD and ends on lantern day, lasting for approximately 2 weeks. In this paper, based on the long-term station observations from 1979 to 2012, the precipitation during the holiday over southern China (108–123° E and 21–33° N, 155 stations) tends to be lower than that before and after the holiday. The mean precipitation frequency anomaly from the fourth day to the sixth day after LNYD (i.e., days [+4, +6]) decreases by –7.4 %. Simultaneously, the daily precipitation amount experiences a reduction of –0.62 mm day –1 during days [+2, +5]. The holiday precipitation anomalies are strongly linked to the anomalies of relative humidity (ΔRH) and cloud cover. The station observations of the ΔRH show an evident decrease from day +2 to day +7, and a minimum appears on days [+4, +6], with a mean of –3.9 %. The ΔRH vertical profile displays significant drying below approximately 800 hPa. Between 800 and 1000 hPa, the mean ΔRH is –3.9 %. The observed station daytime low cloud cover (LCC) evidently decreases by –6.1 % during days [+4, +6]. Meanwhile, the ERA-Interim daily LCC also shows a comparable reduction of –5.0 %. The anomalous relative humidity is mainly caused by the decreased water vapor in the lower-middle troposphere. Evident negative specific humidity anomalies persist from day –3 to day +7 in the station observations. The average specific humidity anomaly for days [+4, +6] is –0.73 g kg –1 . When the precipitation days are excluded, the anomaly remains significant at –0.46 g kg –1 . A significant water vapor deficit is observed in the lower troposphere below 700 Pa. Between 800 and 1000 hPa, the mean specific humidity drops by –0.70 g kg –1 . This drier lower-middle troposphere is due to anomalous northerly winds, which are closely related to the cyclonic circulation anomaly over the northwestern Pacific. The time-lag correlation demonstrates that approximately 1 week after a lower temperature occurs over eastern China, a stronger cyclone is observed over the western Pacific. The possible mechanism needs further clarification through elaborate observation and numerical modeling.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Broadband optical properties of biomass-burning aerosol and identification of brown carbon chromophores

The radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on regional and global scale is substantial. Accurate modeling of the radiative effects of smoke aerosols require wavelength-dependent measurements and parameterizations of their optical properties in the UV and visible spectral ranges along with improved description of their chemical composition. To address this issue, we used a recently developed approach to retrieve the time- and spectral-dependent optical properties of ambient biomass burning aerosols between 300 and 650 nm wavelength during a regional bonfire festival in Israel. We report that during the biomass burning event, the overall absorption at 400 nm increased by about two orders of magnitude, changing the size-weighted single scattering albedo from a background level of 0.95 to 0.7. Based on the new retrieval method, we provide parameterizations of the wavelength-dependent effective complex refractive index from 350 to 650 nm for freshly emitted and aged biomass burning aerosols. In addition, PM 2.5 filter samples were collected for detailed off-line chemical analysis of the water soluble organics that contribute to light absorption. Nitrophenols were identified as the main organic species responsible for the increased absorption at 400-500 nm. These include species such as 4- nitrocatechol, 4-nitrophenol, nitro-syringol and nitro-guaiacol; oxidation-nitration products of methoxyphenols, known products of lignin pyrolysis. Our findings emphasize the importance of both primary and secondary organic aerosol from biomass burning in absorption of solar radiation and in effective radiative forcing.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Molecular Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Inferred from a Nationwide Biomass Burning Event

Lag Ba'Omer, a nationwide bonfire festival in Israel, was chosen as a case study to investigate the influence of a major biomass burning event on the light absorption properties of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC). The chemical composition and optical properties of BrC chromophores were investigated using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) platform coupled to photo diode array (PDA) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) detectors. Substantial increase of BrC light absorption coefficient was observed during the night-long biomass burning event. Most chromophores observed during the event were attributed to nitroaromatic compounds, comprising 28 elemental formulas of at least 63 structural isomers. The NAC, in combination, accounted for 50-80% of the total visible light absorption (> 400 nm) by solvent extractable BrC. The results highlight that NAC, particular nitrophenols, are important light absorption contributors of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), suggesting that night time chemistry of ·NO 3 and N 2 O 5 with particles may play a significant role in atmospheric transformations of BrC. Nitrophenols and related compounds were especially important chromophores of BBOA. The absorption spectra of the BrC chromophores are influenced by the extraction solvent and solution pH, implying that the aerosol acidity is an important factor controlling the light absorption properties of BrC.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Investigating New Particle Formation and Growth Over an Urban Location in the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract This study investigates the new particle formation (NPF) events at an urban location in the Eastern Mediterranean. Particle size distribution, particulate chemical composition, and gaseous pollutants were monitored in Rehovot, Israel (31°53″N 34°48″E) during two campaigns: from April 29 to 3 May 2021 (Campaign 1) and from May 3 to 11 May 2023 (Campaign 2), coinciding with an intensive bonfire burning festival. The organic aerosols (OA) source apportionment identified two major factors—Hydrocarbon‐like OA and Biomass‐burning OA—as well as two secondary factors—MO‐OOA (more oxidized‐oxygenated OA) and LO‐OOA (low oxidized oxygenated OA). NPF events were frequently observed during the day (mostly well‐defined nucleation events) and at night (burst of ultrafine mode particles without any discernible growth). A condensation sink value of (9.4 ± 4.0) × 10 −3 s −1 during Campaign 1 and (14.2 ± 6.0) × 10 −3 s −1 during Campaign 2 was obtained. The daytime events were associated with enhanced sulfuric acid proxy concentrations of (2–12) × 10 6 molecules cm −3 , suggesting the role of gas‐phase photochemistry in promoting NPF. A novel approach of hybrid positive matrix factorization analysis was used to deconvolve the chemical species responsible for the observed events. The results suggest the involvement of multiple components, including ammonium sulfate and MO‐OOA, in the nucleation; Nitrate, HOA and LO‐OOA participate in the subsequent particle growth for the daytime events. Nighttime events involve only semi‐volatile species (LO‐OOA, HOA and nitrate) along with ammonium sulfate.

Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences↗
DOE OSTI2017

IGMS: An Integrated ISO-to-Appliance Scale Grid Modeling System

This paper describes the Integrated Grid Modeling System (IGMS), a novel electric power system modeling platform for integrated transmission-distribution analysis that co-simulates off-the-shelf tools on high performance computing (HPC) platforms to offer unprecedented resolution from ISO markets down to appliances and other end uses. Specifically, the system simultaneously models hundreds or thousands of distribution systems in co-simulation with detailed Independent System Operator (ISO) markets and AGC-level reserve deployment. IGMS uses a new MPI-based hierarchical co-simulation framework to connect existing sub-domain models. Our initial efforts integrate opensource tools for wholesale markets (FESTIV), bulk AC power flow (MATPOWER), and full-featured distribution systems including physics-based end-use and distributed generation models (many instances of GridLAB-D[TM]). The modular IGMS framework enables tool substitution and additions for multi-domain analyses. This paper describes the IGMS tool, characterizes its performance, and demonstrates the impacts of the coupled simulations for analyzing high-penetration solar PV and price responsive load scenarios.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗