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DOE OSTI2020

Evaluation of FTWC Vent System

A monitored exhaust system has been designed for use in venting the Flanged Tritium Waste Containers (FTWCs) at LANL. This system will provide controlled exhaust and emissions monitoring for the FTWCs, and also provide general area exhaust around the venting operations to measure any emissions which may bypass the primary vent system. A full description of the process and need for the system is described in the Pre-Construction Application for this project. This document describes the commissioning testing performed on the FTWC vent system to prepare it for use. The system has been tested and shown to meet ANSI standard requirements and is fully suitable for use.

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DOE OSTI2020

Using the CAP88 Plume Model & Dose Assessment Code for the FTWC Project

The Environmental Protection & Compliance Division (EPC) uses the Clean Air Act Assessment Package – 1988 (CAP88) plume model and dose assessment code to evaluate measured emissions or projected emissions of airborne radionuclides from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) facilities. This software package will use facility data (e.g., stack height and exit velocity), emissions parameters (chemical form and quantity), and environmental data (wind speed and direction) to predict downwind concentrations of radioactive material and subsequent dose to a member of the public at that location. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved CAP88 for use in demonstrating compliance with the Radionuclide NESHAP2, that portion of the Clean Air Act addressing emissions of airborne radioactive material from Department of Energy facilities. EPC Division has two procedures which discuss the use of CAP88.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗

DOE OSTI2020

Flanged Tritium Waste Containers: Waste Characterization Information for Container FTWC-225

The following information packages present the radiological data as well as physical properties of the four Flanged Tritium Waste Containers currently stored at TA-54, Area G. Also included are summaries of the contents of each container (including waste logs) as well as photographs of the inner and outer portions of each container.

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DOE OSTI2020

Flanged Tritium Waste Containers: Waste Characterization Information for Container FTWC-226

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DOE OSTI2020

Flanged Tritium Waste Containers: Waste Characterization Information for Container FTWC-227

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DOE OSTI2020

Flanged Tritium Waste Containers: Waste Characterization Information for Container FTWC-229

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DOE OSTI2020

Flanged Tritium Waste Containers: Background and Current Path to Disposal

The MLLW Flanged Tritium Waste Container (FTWC) Project has been operational since 2007 when, during an audit of the FTWC waste stream, it was determined that four FTWC containers contained lead in amounts greater than LDR treatment standards. From June to August of 2007, four FTWC containers were shipped to TA-54 for disposal as LLW from WETF. The contents of the FTWCs were characterized as high activity LLW and were thought to be in compliance with LANL's Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC). During the packaging of these FTWC's, 36 intact squib valves (aka actuators), containing detonated squibs were included with the waste stream After being transported to TA-54 Area G, it was determined that the explosive used in some of the squibs was Normal Lead Styphnate (NLS). A recharacterization of the entire contents in the FTWC's was performed with the conclusion that the squib valves exhibited the RCRA toxic characteristic for Lead (D008), thus resulting in the contents of the FTWCs being reclassified as a Mixed LLW.

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DOE OSTI2025

TA-54 Flanged Tritium Waste Container Operations, Radioactive Air Emissions Summary Volume 1: Stack Emissions & Off-Site Dose Consequence

In September 2025, pressure mitigation operations began on the four Flanged Tritium Waste Containers (FTWCs) that had been in storage at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Technical Area (TA-) 54, Area G, Building 1028. Each FTWC was opened at TA-54 and put into a stable configuration, then containers were moved to LANL’s Weapons Engineering Tritium Facility (WETF) for further processing in preparation for shipment off-site. Over the course of 13 operational days, the project had air emissions of 123 curies of tritium (hydrogen-3). The radiological dose to the hypothetical maximally exposed individual (MEI) member of the public from these emissions was 0.012 millirem. This is well within the limits established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which allows 10 millirem per year to any member of the public. Naturally occurring background radiation in Northern New Mexico averages about 300-400 millirem per year to residents. This report is intended to briefly summarize operations that took place in September and October 2025, provide documentation of the radionuclide air emissions from these operations, and summarize the off-site dose consequence to the public that resulted from these air emissions. Informal notifications addressing these areas were made via email to the EPA and NMED throughout the project, and summaries of these data were also posted on the LANL external web site 1 for FTWC operations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

ALARA Review for Venting of Flanged Tritium Waste Containers (FTWCs) at TA-54

This project will vent headspace hydrogen and oxygen from specialized high-pressure storage vessels called flanged tritium waste containers (FTWCs). There are four of these containers located in Los Alamos National Laboratory’s (LANL’s) Technical Area 54 (TA-54), Building 1028. This building is in the southwest corner of LANL’s Material Disposal Area G. The vented headspace gas is expected to contain tritium in the form of water vapor, elemental hydrogen or a combination of both. The venting operation is expected to take place in 2025. There will be a series of operational readiness reviews prior to venting activities commencing. The FTWCs at TA-54 contain tritium-contaminated metal parts and molecular sieve media, which is a pebble-like material used to absorb water vapor from the air. This molecular sieve media inside the FTWCs is contained in metal canisters, along with some loose media material in bags. Over time, tritiated water vapor that had been adsorbed onto the media can become liberated into the FTWC headspace gas. Radiolysis can cause separation of the water vapor into its hydrogen and oxygen components, resulting in the potentially hazardous gas mixture within the FTWC. LANL has determined that continued tritium storage in these containers can pose an unsafe condition due to possible hydrogen and oxygen gas buildup within the FTWCs with a potential for explosion if sparks are generated within the FTWCs. To mitigate this hazard, the FTWCs will be stabilized by venting them in-place to remove hazardous gases.

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DOE OSTI2022

Supplemental Information Regarding the Application for Remediation of the Flanged Tritium Waste Containers at Los Alamos National Laboratory

This letter is in response to the October 18, 2021 letter from David Gray, Acting Regional Administrator, to Mr. Theodore Wyka, Manager of the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Los Alamos Field Office (NA-LA). That letter requested additional information regarding the Application for remediation of the Flanged Tritium Waste Containers (FTWCs) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Technical Area 54, Area G. The Emissions Management Plan for the FTWC Venting Project is attached.

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