Physiological effects of microgravity on osteoblast morphology and cell biology
No abstract available
STS Shuttle Project↗
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Effects of microgravity on circadian rhythms in insects
The desert beetle Trigonoscelis gigas Reitt. was used as a biological model in studies that examined the effects of space flight on the circadian timing system. Results from studies aboard the Bion-10, Bion-11, and Photon-11 missions are reported. The control study is an ongoing Mir experiment. The studies indicate that the free-running period in beetles may be longer during space flight.
NASA Experiment Number 9401698↗
The cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and gene expression in T lymphocytes and other mammalian cells exposed to altered gravity
No abstract available
Sounding Rocket↗
Vector-averaged gravity-induced changes in cell signaling and vitamin D receptor activity in MG-63 cells are reversed by a 1,25-(OH)2D3 analog, EB1089
Skeletal unloading in an animal hindlimb suspension model and microgravity experienced by astronauts or as a result of prolonged bed rest causes site-specific losses in bone mineral density of 1%-2% per month. This is accompanied by reductions in circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), the active metabolite of vitamin D. 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), is important for calcium absorption and plays a role in differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. To examine the responses of cells to activators of the VDR in a simulated microgravity environment, we used slow-turning lateral vessels (STLVs) in a rotating cell culture system. We found that, similar to cells grown in microgravity, MG-63 cells grown in the STLVs produce less osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and collagen Ialpha1 mRNA and are less responsive to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3). In addition, expression of VDR was reduced. Moreover, growth in the STLV caused activation of the stress-activated protein kinase pathway (SAPK), a kinase that inhibits VDR activity. In contrast, the 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) analog, EB1089, was able to compensate for some of the STLV-associated responses by reducing SAPK activity, elevating VDR levels, and increasing expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase. These studies suggest that, not only does simulated microgravity reduce differentiation of MG-63 cells, but the activity of the VDR, an important regulator of bone metabolism, is reduced. Use of potent, less calcemic analogs of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) may aid in overcoming this defect. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc.
Foton Project↗
Bridgman Growth of Germanium and Germanium-Silicon Crystals under Microgravity
Four different Bridgman growth experiments on Ge:Ga and Ge(sub x)Si(sub 1-x) were performed under microgravity during the FOTON M4 flight in fall 2014 as joint German-Russian experiments. The experiments were also part of the RDGS/ICESAGE project(s) of ESA/NASA on detached growth of Ge and Ge-Si. Three experiments on Ge:Ga investigated different heat and mass transport regimes, i.e. mostly diffusive conditions, flows driven by a rotating magnetic field, and flows driven by vibration. The fourth experiment on Ge(sub 0.98)Si(0.02) investigated detached growth. All four experiments were successful and yielded crystals. Both the Ge-Si experiment and two of the Ge:Ga experiments showed stable detachment from the ampoule wall, although this was not planned for the latter two experiments. The influence of the rotating magnetic field as well as of the vibration was pronounced in the case of the microgram experiments, but dominated by buoyancy convection under 1g.
Croell, A.↗