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Live Aircraft Encounter Visualization at FutureFlight Central

Researchers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have developed an aircraft data streaming capability that can be used to visualize live aircraft in near real-time. During a joint Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)/NASA Airborne Collision Avoidance System flight series, test sorties between unmanned aircraft and manned intruder aircraft were shown in real-time at NASA Ames' FutureFlight Central tower facility as a virtual representation of the encounter. This capability leveraged existing live surveillance, video, and audio data streams distributed through a Live, Virtual, Constructive test environment, then depicted the encounter from the point of view of any aircraft in the system showing the proximity of the other aircraft. For the demonstration, position report data were sent to the ground from on-board sensors on the unmanned aircraft. The point of view can be change dynamically, allowing encounters from all angles to be observed. Visualizing the encounters in real-time provides a safe and effective method for observation of live flight testing and a strong alternative to travel to the remote test range.

Video Streaming↗

Virtual Planning at Work: A Tour of NASA Future Flight Central

FutureFlight Central will permit integration of tomorrow's technologies in a risk-free simulation of any airport, airfield, and tower cab environment. The facility provides an opportunity for airlines to mitigate passenger delays by fine tuning airport hub operations, gate management and ramp movement procedures. It also allows airport managers an opportunity to study effects of various improvements at their airports. Finally, it enables air traffic controllers to provide feedback and to become familiar with new airport operations and technologies before final installation.

McClenahen, Jim↗

Building Airport Surface HITL Simulation Capability

FutureFlight Central is a high fidelity, real-time simulator designed to study surface operations and automation. As an air traffic control tower simulator, FFC allows stakeholders such as the FAA, controllers, pilots, airports, and airlines to develop and test advanced surface and terminal area concepts and automation including NextGen and beyond automation concepts and tools. These technologies will improve the safety, capacity and environmental issues facing the National Airspace system. FFC also has extensive video streaming capabilities, which combined with the 3-D database capability makes the facility ideal for any research needing an immersive virtual and or video environment. FutureFlight Central allows human in the loop testing which accommodates human interactions and errors giving a more complete picture than fast time simulations. This presentation describes FFCs capabilities and the components necessary to build an airport surface human in the loop simulation capability.

facility capabilities↗

Los Angeles International Airport Runway Incursion Studies: Phase III--Center-Taxiway Simulation

Phase III of the Los Angeles International Airport Runway Incursion Studies was conducted, under an agreement with HNTB Corporation, at the NASA Ames FutureFlight Central (FFC) facility in June 2003. The objective of the study was the evaluation of a new center-taxiway concept at LAX. This study is an extension of the Phase I and Phase II studies previously conducted at FFC. This report presents results from Phase III of the study, in which a center-taxiway concept between runways 25L and 25R was simulated and evaluated. Phase III data were compared objectively against the Baseline data. Subjective evaluations by participating LAX controllers were obtained with regard to workload, efficiency, and safety criteria. To facilitate a valid comparison between Baseline and Phase III data, the same scenarios were used for Phase III that were tested during Phases I and II. This required briefing participating controllers on differences in airport and airline operations between 2001 and today.

Madson, Michael D.↗

SARDA: An Integrated Concept for Airport Surface Operations Management

The Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) is an integrated decision support tool for airlines and air traffic control tower enabling surface collaborative decision making (CDM) and departure metering in order to enhance efficiency of surface operations at congested airports. The presentation describes the concept and architecture of the SARDA as a CDM tool, and the results from a human-in-the-loop simulation of the tool conducted in 2012 at the FutureFlight Central, the tower simulation facility. Also, presented is the current activities and future plan for SARDA development. The presentation was given at the meeting with the FAA senior advisor of the Surface Operations Office.

surface collaborative decision making↗

Developing Urban Air Mobility Vehicle Models to Support Air Traffic Management Concept Development

To support Urban Air Mobility (UAM) research efforts at NASA, the Airspace Target Generator (ATG) software used in the FutureFlight Central (FFC) air traffic control tower simulator is undergoing updates to support physics-based UAM vehicle models. A process was developed to integrate UAM vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft into the fixed-wing ATG modeling environment without significant change to the underlying equations of motion and vehicle model database. The VTOL aircraft models were converted from a six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) representation into a four degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) representation for integration within ATG. Three vehicle designs from the NASA Revolutionary Vertical-Lift Technologies (RVLT) project were selected: a lift-plus-cruise (LPC) aircraft model and quadrotor, electric-powered (QEP) 1-seater and 6-seater models. With the LPC model comprised of a nonlinear force and moment build-up, and the QEP models comprised of linearized stability derivatives, two separate processes were developed to convert the lift, drag, and propulsion characteristics of each model into the ATG model database. Key aircraft performance characteristics including climb, cruise, and descent performance were preserved during the conversion process. Because ATG simulates fixed-wing aircraft through ground taxi and takeoff to approach and landing, acceleration command algorithms were developed to model the vertical takeoff and vertical landing phase of UAM operations. A strategy was then developed to transition the aircraft model to- and from- the new control mode.

urban air mobility↗

Development of Candidate Airspace Procedures for Urban Air Mobility in the Dallas Area

As the concept of on-demand electric air taxis gains popularity and begins to take shape, many research efforts are underway to address the challenges of integrating this new class of passenger-carrying air vehicles into the already congested U.S. National Airspace System. Through collaborations between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal Aviation Administration, and industry, this concept, commonly referred to as Urban Air Mobility (UAM), envisions a safe, reliable, and efficient mode of transportation traversing metropolitan and urban areas. Among the many challenges being tackled, airspace procedures and information requirements are critical areas of research that need to be addressed. In a joint effort between NASA and Joby Aviation, a human-in-the-loop study was conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center to evaluate initial and midterm operations with air traffic controllers and on-board UAM pilots in the Dallas area. This area was chosen due to its complex Class Bravo Airspace that extends to the surface over a relatively large area. To achieve the goals and objectives of the study, multiple preceding efforts were conducted to develop the candidate procedures and information requirements. This paper provides an overview of the operational concept used for the study, the process that was followed, and the findings from the two tabletop meetings and a shakedown activity. The combination of these led to a set of airspace procedures, letters of agreement, and information requirements that were evaluated in the human-inthe-loop study.

Urban Air Mobility↗