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Results for “GADOLINIUM 148”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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7 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Measurement and simulation of the cross sections for the production of {sup 148}Gd in thin {sup nat}W and {sup 181}Ta targets irradiated with 0.4- to 2.6-GeV protons

The cross sections for the production of {sup 148}Gd in {sup nat}W and {sup 181}Ta targets irradiated by 0.4-, 0.6-, 0.8-, 1.2-, 1.6-, and 2.6-GeV protons at the ITEP accelerator complex have been measured by direct {alpha} spectrometry without chemical separation. The experimental data have been compared with the data obtained at other laboratories and with the theoretical simulations of the yields on the basis of the BERTINI, ISABEL, CEM03.02, INCL4.2, INCL4.5, CASCADE07, and PHITS codes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

A simple radionuclide-driven single-ion source

We describe a source capable of producing single barium ions through nuclear recoils in radioactive decay. The source is fabricated by electroplating {sup 148}Gd onto a silicon {alpha}-particle detector and vapor depositing a layer of BaF{sub 2} over it. {sup 144}Sm recoils from the alpha decay of {sup 148}Gd are used to dislodge Ba{sup +} ions from the BaF{sub 2} layer and emit them in the surrounding environment. The simultaneous detection of an {alpha} particle in the substrate detector allows for tagging of the nuclear decay and of the Ba{sup +} emission. The source is simple, durable, and can be manipulated and used in different environments. We discuss the fabrication process, which can be easily adapted to emit most other chemical species, and the performance of the source.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Analysis of burnup and isotopic compositions of BWR 9 x 9 UO{sub 2} fuel assemblies

In order to extend isotopic composition data focusing on fission product nuclides, measurements are progressing using facilities of JAEA for five samples taken from high burnup BWR 9 x 9 UO{sub 2} fuel assemblies. Neutronics analysis with an infinite assembly model was applied to the preliminary measurement data using a continuous-energy Monte Carlo burnup calculation code MVP-BURN with nuclear libraries based on JENDL-3.3 and JENDL-4.0. The burnups of the samples were determined to be 28.0, 39.3, 56.6, 68.1, and 64.0 GWd/t by the Nd-148 method. They were compared with those calculated using node-average irradiation histories of power and in-channel void fractions which were taken from the plant data. The comparison results showed that the deviations of the calculated burnups from the measurements were -4 to 3%. It was confirmed that adopting the nuclear data library based on JENDL-4.0 reduced the deviations of the calculated isotopic compositions from the measurements for {sup 238}Pu, {sup 144}Nd, {sup 145}Nd, {sup 146}Nd, {sup 148}Nd, {sup 134}Cs, {sup 154}Eu, {sup 152}Sm, {sup 154}Gd, and {sup 157}Gd. On the other hand, the effect of the revision in the nuclear. data library on the neutronics analysis was not significant for major U and Pu isotopes. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Decay properties of long-lived isomers in the odd-odd N=81 nucleus {sup 146}Tb compared to the {sup 148}Ho and {sup 150}Tm nuclei

Excited states of the {sup 146}Tb nucleus have been studied using {gamma}-ray and electron spectroscopy in off-beam and in-beam modes following {sup 112}Sn({sup 40}Ar,3n3p) reaction with the use of the OSIRIS-II, HPGe detector array and the conversion electron spectrometer. The multipolarity of the 343 keV transition deexciting the (7{sup -}) level in {sup 146}Tb shows mainly an E2 nature and the first excited state above the 23 s isomer is assigned as a (5{sup -},6{sup -}) state. The log ft values have been deduced for 11 {beta}{sup +}/EC transitions populating excited states in {sup 146}Gd. The systematic behavior of spins and parities of the long-lived levels at 0+x keV and the first excited states above them in the N=81 isotones {sup 146}Tb, {sup 148}Ho, and {sup 150}Tm is discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Enhancement in magnetocaloric properties of holmium chromite by gadolinium substitution

HoCrO{sub 3}, Ho{sub 0.67}Gd{sub 0.33}CrO{sub 3}, and GdCrO{sub 3} bulk powder samples were prepared by citrate route. The phase purity and the structural properties of the samples were examined by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements. The dc magnetization data revealed that the Cr{sup 3+} ordering temperatures (Néel temperature) for the HoCrO{sub 3}, Ho{sub 0.67}Gd{sub 0.33}CrO{sub 3}, and GdCrO{sub 3} samples are 140 K, 148 K, and 167 K, respectively, while the ac magnetization data revealed that the rare-earth (Ho) ordering occurs at ∼8 K for HoCrO{sub 3} and Ho{sub 0.67}Gd{sub 0.33}CrO{sub 3} samples. Temperature-induced magnetization reversal and spin reorientation were observed in GdCrO{sub 3} bulk sample, which depends on applied magnetic field and disappears at ∼1500 Oe and 500 Oe, respectively. By fitting the dc magnetic data with Curie-Weiss law, the effective magnetic moments were calculated to be 11.66 μ{sub B}, 10.23 μ{sub B}, and 9.90 μ{sub B} for the HoCrO{sub 3}, Ho{sub 0.67}Gd{sub 0.33}CrO{sub 3}, and GdCrO{sub 3} samples, respectively. The isothermal magnetization data showed that the magnetic behavior changed from canted antiferromagnetic in low temperature region (below Néel temperature) to paramagnetic at high temperature. It was found that Gd substitution considerably improves the magnetocaloric effect of HoCrO{sub 3}. Pure GdCrO{sub 3} bulk sample showed giant magnetocaloric entropy change (31.6 J/kg K at temperature ∼5 K and at ∼70 kOe), which is higher than that for polycrystalline RMnO{sub 3}, RCrO{sub 3}, and RFeO{sub 3} bulk powder samples. This renders GdCrO{sub 3} useful for potential applications in low-temperature magnetic refrigeration.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2026

Efficacy of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) as a High-Impedance Optical Window for Shock Wave Experiments

We conducted a series of plate impact experiments to examine the efficacy of < 111>-oriented gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) single crystals as high-impedance optical window for Photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) under shock and double-shock loading. At ~ 123 GPa, shocked GGG remains fully transparent to 1550 nm light for at least 250 ns without any signal degradation. Above 135 GPa, PDV data measured through GGG exhibit a gradual loss of fringe contrast following shock entrance, which eventually leads to transparency loss. The duration for which shocked GGG remains transparent decreases with increasing pressure, and at ~ 148 GPa, it becomes opaque within ~ 20–30 ns. This limits the use of GGG as an interferometry window between ~ 110–140 GPa under single shock loading. Within this pressure range, the refractive index of GGG increases linearly with density: n = 1.552 + 0.054ρ. In contrast to single shock loading, where GGG becomes opaque rapidly above ~ 140 GPa, double-shocked GGG remains optically transparent for over 100 ns when it is first shocked to ~ 123 GPa and then reshocked to significantly higher pressures (215–233 GPa). Our findings raise the exciting possibility of GGG being used as a high-impedance optical window in multi-shock and shock-ramp loading experiments.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

(γ, 2n)-Reaction cross-section calculations of several even-even lanthanide nuclei using different level density models

There are several level density models that can be used to predict photo-neutron cross sections. Some of them are Constant Temperature + Fermi Gas Model (CTFGM), Back-Shifted Fermi Gas Model (BSFM), Generalized Superfluid Model (GSM), Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov microscopic Model (HFBM). In this study, the theoretical photo-neutron cross sections produced by (γ, 2n) reactions for several eveneven lanthanide nuclei such as {sup 140,142}Ce, {sup 142,144,146,148,150}Nd, {sup 144,148,150,152,154}Sm, and {sup 160}Gd have been calculated on the different level density models as mentioned above by using TALYS 1.6 and EMPIRE 3.1 computer codes for incident photon energies up to 30 MeV. The obtained results have been compared with each other and available experimental data existing in the EXFOR database. Generally, at least one level density model cross-section calculations are in agreement with the experimental results for all reactions except {sup 144}Sm(γ, 2n){sup 142}Sm along the incident photon energy, TALYS 1.6 BSFM option for the level density model cross-section calculations can be chosen if the experimental data are not available or are improbable to be produced due to the experimental difficulty.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗