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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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9 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=170☆

Nuclear structure data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number A=170 have been evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. This evaluation supersedes the previous evaluation (Coral M. Baglin), Nuclear Data Sheets 96, 611 (2002), (cutoff date 15 August 2002) and subsequent updates of the ENSDF file for Yb to Dy (cutoff 15 April 2010), Lu (cutoff 8 October 1998), Pt (cutoff 17 February 1999) and Ta, Os (cutoff 7 April 1998). Since the previous evaluation, {sup 170}Gd has been observed and the ground state T{sub 1/2} measured. New excited states have also been observed in the neutron rich {sup 170}Dy. The ground state T{sub 1/2} of {sup 170}Tb has been determined, however, there are currently still no excited states observed in this nucleus. There remains some uncertainty in the ground state and longer-lived isomer in {sup 170}Ir which could warrent further experimental investigation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Cryogenically enhanced quasi-optical resonator for megawatt pulsed millimeter-wave sources

We report the design, cryogenic optimization, and performance modeling of a compact quasi-optical ring resonator intended to compress microwaves pulses at 170 and 250 GHz to the megawatt level. By combining ultra-low-loss CVD diamond and gold-doped silicon wafers with high-RRR copper mirrors, the calculated unloaded quality factor exceeds 4.3 × 10 5 at 20 K and yields simulated gains up to $\mathscr{G}$ = 4.1 × 10 3 . Coupling the resonator with a laser-driven semiconductor switch described by an extended Vogel model shows that 1 MW, nanosecond pulses can be generated from only 445 W of microwave drive power while dissipating 272 W into the cryostat. A practical cooling architecture using two Gifford–McMahon stages (20 and 80 K) is proposed, demonstrating that high-repetition-rate (10–20 kHz) operation is feasible with commercially available cryocoolers. The results outline a clear path toward cost-effective, table-top sources for extreme-ultraviolet lithography, dynamic nuclear polarization, and fusion systems.

Panisset, Constant [Ecole Polytechnique Federale L↗
DOE OSTI2025

Enhanced Spatial Proteomics and Metabolomics from a Single Tissue Section Using MALDI-MSI and LCM-microPOTS Platforms

Spatially resolved mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omics workflows are becoming more utilized for revealing the complex biology that occurs within tissues. However, these approaches commonly require multiple independent tissue sections to analyze the metabolite and protein compositions of these samples. This poses a significant challenge in preserving cell- or region-specific molecular fidelity, as variations between tissue sections can compromise the accurate correlation of molecular data. Here, in this study, we developed workflows for comprehensive multi-omics profiling from a single tissue section (STS) using different MS modalities. We enhanced the functionality of an electrically insulated substrate by employing metal-assisted approaches that enabled both MS-based untargeted spatial metabolomics and proteomics from STS. This allowed metabolite imaging using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS imaging (MALDI-MSI), without compromising it for subsequent proteome profiling with laser capture microdissection (LCM)-based technology. Specifically, implementing copper tape as a backing for polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) slides enabled the detection of >140 metabolites across a poplar root tissue section using MALDI-trapped ion mobility spectrometry time of flight (timsTOF)-MS. Afterwards, we detected 6,571 unique proteins from two distinct root regions by leveraging LCM technology coupled to our microdroplet based sample preparation approach. We also developed an alternative workflow utilizing gold-coated PEN substrates for imaging with MALDI-Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR)-MS, which permitted the profiling of >170 metabolites and the identification of 6,542 unique proteins across a single poplar root tissue section. These results were comparable to using each assay independently without modifications. These approaches offer new opportunities for high-resolution molecular profiling of multiple omics-levels across biological tissues.

Veličković, Marija [Pacific Northwest National Lab↗
DOE OSTI2025

Extending quantum-mechanical benchmark accuracy to biological ligand-pocket interactions

Predicting the binding affinity of ligands to protein pockets is key in the drug design pipeline. The flexibility of ligand-pocket motifs arises from a range of attractive and repulsive electronic interactions during binding. Accurately accounting for all interactions requires robust quantum-mechanical (QM) benchmarks, which are scarce for ligand-pocket systems. Additionally, disagreement between “gold standard” Coupled Cluster (CC) and Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods casts doubt on many benchmarks for larger non-covalent systems. We introduce the “QUantum Interacting Dimer” (QUID) benchmark framework containing 170 non-covalent (non-)equilibrium systems modeling chemically and structurally diverse ligand-pocket motifs. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory shows that QUID broadly covers non-covalent binding motifs and energetic contributions. Robust binding energies are obtained using complementary CC and QMC methods, achieving agreement of 0.5 kcal/mol. The benchmark data analysis reveals that several dispersion-inclusive density functional approximations provide accurate energy predictions, though their atomic van der Waals forces differ in magnitude and orientation. Contrarily, semiempirical methods and empirical force fields require improvements in capturing non-covalent interactions (NCIs) for out-of-equilibrium geometries. The wide span of NCIs, highly accurate interaction energies, and analysis of molecular properties take QUID beyond the “gold standard” for QM benchmarks of ligand-protein systems.

Puleva, Mirela [University of Luxembourg, Luxembou↗
NASA NTRS2010

Human Exploration Beyond LEO by the End of the Decade: Designs for Long-Duration "Gateway" Habitats

For the past few years, designs have been developed that are intended to demonstrate that a long-duration habitation system beyond LEO is plausible within several years. Here we summarize a pair of designs with the overriding goal of development and operation beyond LEO before the end of the decade that also build upon experiments and lessons learned from ISS. Both concepts here have the goal of an expandable long-duration habitat at Earth- Moon L1 and/or L2. Both options require subsequent launches for the astronauts. If a heavy-lift launch vehicle is available this decade, an expandable 30.5 mt habitat and departure-stage propulsion system may be launched to E-M L1,2 in a single launch and will offer 575 cubic meter (roughly half the habitable volume of ISS) If existing (or near-future) EELVs are the available launch vehicles this decade, a 16 mt, 170 cubic meter design that uses a pair of launches of Delta IV H and LEO rendezvous/fuel transfer to reach E-M L1,2.

Thronson, Harley↗
DOE OSTI2022

Efficient black silicon photovoltaic devices with enhanced blue response

A photovoltaic (PV) device with improved blue response. The PV device includes a silicon substrate with an emitter layer on a light receiving side. The emitter layer has a low opant level such that it has sheet resistance of 90 to 170 ohm/sq. Anti-reflection in the PV device is provided solely by a nano-structured or black silicon surface on the light-receiving surface, through which the emitter is formed by diffusion. The nano structures of the black silicon are formed in a manner that does not result in gold or another high-recombination metal being left in the black silicon such as with metal-assisted etching using silver. The black silicon is further processed to widen these pores so as to provide larger nanostructures with lateral dimensions in the range of 65 to 150 nanometers so as to reduce surface area and also to etch away a highly doped portion of the emitter.

Oh, Jihun↗
NASA NTRS1998

Cryogenic Optical Performance of the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer (CIRS) Flight Telescope

The CIRS half-meter diameter beryllium flight telescope's optical performance was tested at the instrument operating temperature of 170 Kelvin. The telescope components were designed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) but fabricated out of house and then assembled, aligned and tested upon receipt at GSFC. A 24 inch aperture cryogenic test facility utilizing a 1024 x 1024 CCD array was developed at GSFC specifically for this test. The telescope,s image quality (measured as encircled energy), boresight stability and focus stability were measured. The gold coated beryllium design exceeded the cold image performance requirement of 80% encircled energy within a 460 micron diameter circle.

Losch, Patricia↗
NASA NTRS1998

Cryogenic Optical Performance of the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) Flight Telescope

The CIRS half-meter diameter beryllium flight telescope's optical performance was tested at the instrument operating temperature of 170 Kelvin. The telescope components were designed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) but fabricated out of house and then assembled, aligned and tested upon receipt at GSFC. A 24 inch aperture cryogenic test facility utilizing a 1024 x 1024 CCD array was developed at GSFC specifically for this test. The telescope's image quality (measured as encircled energy), boresight stability and focus stability were measured. The gold coated beryllium design exceeded the image performance requirement of 80% encircled energy within a 432 microns diameter circle.

Losch, Patricia↗
DOE OSTI2018

Iron X-ray Transmission at Temperature Near 150 eV Using the National Ignition Facility: First Measurements and Paths to Uncertainty Reduction

Discrepancies exist between theoretical and experimental opacity data for iron, at temperatures 180–195 eV and electron densities near 3 × 1022/cm3, relevant to the solar radiative-convective boundary. Another discrepancy, between theory and helioseismic measurements of the boundary’s location, would be ameliorated if the experimental opacity is correct. To address these issues, this paper details the first results from new experiments under development at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), using a different method to replicate the prior experimental conditions. In the NIF experiments, 64 laser beams indirectly heat a plastic-tamped rectangular iron-magnesium sample inside a gold cavity. Another 64 beams implode a spherical plastic shell to produce a continuum X-ray flash which backlights the hot sample. An X-ray spectrometer records the transmitted X-rays, the unattenuated X-rays passing around the sample, and the sample’s self-emission. From these data, X-ray transmission spectra are inferred, showing Mg K-shell and Fe L-shell X-ray transitions from plasma at a temperature of ~150 eV and electron density of ~8 × 1021/cm3. These conditions are similar to prior Z measurements which agree better with theory. The NIF transmission data show statistical uncertainties of 2–10%, but various systematic uncertainties must be addressed before pursuing quantitative comparisons. The paths to reduction of the largest uncertainties are discussed. Once the uncertainty is reduced, future NIF experiments will probe higher temperatures (170–200 eV) to address the ongoing disagreement between theory and Z data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗