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13 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ge2Sb2Te5 by Materials Project

Ge2Sb2Te5 is MAX Phase-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Ge2Sb2Te5 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ge4+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form GeTe6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent SbTe6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent SbTe6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent GeTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 6°. There are three shorter (2.84 Å) and three longer (3.30 Å) Ge–Te bond lengths. Sb1+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form SbTe6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent GeTe6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent SbTe6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent GeTe6 octahedra, and edges with nine equivalent SbTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. There are three shorter (3.02 Å) and three longer (3.19 Å) Sb–Te bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six equivalent Sb1+ atoms to form TeSb6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent TeGe3Sb3 octahedra and edges with twelve TeSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to three equivalent Ge4+ and three equivalent Sb1+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TeGe3Sb3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Ge4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ge2Sb2Te5 by Materials Project

Ge2Sb2Te5 is Caswellsilverite-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Ge2Sb2Te5 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ge4+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form GeTe6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent GeTe6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent SbTe6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent SbTe6 octahedra, and edges with nine equivalent GeTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–5°. There are three shorter (3.00 Å) and three longer (3.04 Å) Ge–Te bond lengths. Sb1+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form SbTe6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent GeTe6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent GeTe6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent SbTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 5°. There are three shorter (3.01 Å) and three longer (3.20 Å) Sb–Te bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to six equivalent Ge4+ atoms to form TeGe6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent TeGe3Sb3 octahedra and edges with twelve TeGe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to three equivalent Ge4+ and three equivalent Sb1+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing TeGe3Sb3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1°. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sb1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

In situ investigation of ion irradiation-induced amorphization of (Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 ) 1−x C x [0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12]

Chalcogenide thin films that undergo reversible phase changes show promise for use in next-generation nanophotonics, microelectronics, and other emerging technologies. One of the many studied compounds, Ge2Sb2Te5, has demonstrated several useful properties and performance characteristics. However, the efficacy of benchmark Ge2Sb2Te5 is restricted by amorphous phase thermal stability below ∼150 °C, limiting its potential use in high-temperature applications. In response, previous studies have added a fourth species (e.g., C) to sputter-deposited Ge2Sb2Te5, demonstrating improved thermal stability. Our current research confirms reported thermal stability enhancements and assesses the effects of carbon on crystalline phase radiation response. Through in situ transmission electron microscope irradiation studies, we examine the effect of C addition on the amorphization behavior of initially cubic and trigonal polycrystalline films irradiated using 2.8 MeV Au to various doses up to 1 × 1015 cm −2 . It was found that increased C content reduces radiation tolerance of both cubic and trigonal phases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Octahedral to tetrahedral bonding transitions in the local structure of phase change optical media Ge 2 Sb 2 Se 5 x Te 5-5 x with Se doping

Random access memories utilize fast, reversible switching between ordered and disordered states of matter in phase change materials (PCMs) such as Ge2Sb2Te5-5x. The short-range structure in the disordered phase has been described either as (i) a network of Ge tetrahedra or (ii) Peierls distorted Ge/Sb octahedra. The PCM transition was investigated in bulk Ge2Sb2Se5xTe5-5x (GSST), in which amorphization sets in with Se doping (x ≈ 0.85) upon quenching. GSST has a hexagonal crystalline ground state with Ge/Sb octahedral coordination, but the phase change transition to the amorphous state that is only observed when the system is quenched brings a short-range structure with sharp, tetrahedrally coordinated Ge/Sb correlations and shortened bonds that are distinctly different from the expected octahedral pairing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Reliability Test of the Actively Tunable Filter

The middle-wavelength infrared (MWIR) waveband is considered the “spectral fingerprint”for many chemical species. MWIR: 3 –10 μm wavelength range. MWIR imaging devices are important for multispectral imaging, thermography, chemical spectroscopy, surveillance, automotive safety, and astronomy. Tunable optical properties are desired to increase the amount of information that is detectable. Ge2Sb2Te5(GST) is a chalcogenide phase change material (PCM) that has the potential to be used as a compact, solid-state, fast-switching tunable optical filter.

Tunable filter↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Space-qualified Chalcogenide Materials through ISS MISSE Exposure —From Property to Application

In March 2021, twenty-four samples of various phase change materials (PCMs - Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge2Sb2Se4Te1, and Sb2Se3) along with metasurface optical components comprised of these PCMs, were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE-14) test campaign [1]. Although PCMs have previously been noted for their resilience to various forms of radiation [2], they had not been tested in a realistic space environment until this exposure campaign with joint NASA and MIT collaboration. During the six-month total open exposure time in low earth orbit (LEO), high-resolution cameras scanned and captured photographs of the samples to detect changes as a function of time along with on-orbit measured temperature, UV radiation, total atomic oxygen fluence, and total ionizing radiation doses. The samples were returned to NASA Langley Research Center in March 2022 for post-flight characterization. This duplicated the preflight characterization (i.e., material composition and crystallinity that limits switching speed, index contrast, loss, etc.) conducted before launch. The space sector has witnessed tremendous growth within the past decade—not only from government agencies but also entrants from the private sector. Future growth in the capabilities of Earth observation, deep space, and planetary surface missions using miniaturized spacecraft platforms can only be sustained by innovations in the design of remote sensors and other sub-systems. Active metasurface optics with enhanced tunability and reconfigurability continues to redefine the boundaries of optical science [3]. The introduction of PCM technology and associated optical devices will help to accelerate the adoption of new architectures for reduced size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) platforms in space.Here we introduce results obtained from the MISSE-14 mission related to space qualification of PCM-based optic devices and constituent materials. We then discuss our recent work developing active integrated photonic devices and metasurface optics based on PCMs for space applications. This includes tunable and reconfigurable optical metasurface devices to support NASA space communication and LIDAR applications. PCMs are quickly becoming interesting photonics materials but questions related to mission suitability remain, particularly in regard to key properties like figures-of-merit (FOM, Δn/Δk), glass forming temperatures, and phase transition speeds. This talk will describe efforts to afford researchers the ability to have access to cost-effective data on exposure-induced changes to PCM fundamental physical and optical properties to assess their utility for space applications. The MISSE-14 sample exposure campaign allows a complete understanding of the limitations of the PCMs for various space-based electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Chalcogenide Phase change material↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Phase Change Materials for Photonics in NASA Science and Space Missions

Phase change materials (PCMs) such as Ge2Sb2Te5, Ge2Sb2Se4Te1, and Sb2S3have recently emerged as a promising platform to control light on-chip due to their fast, dramatic, and reversible change in refractive index. Significant technical progress in the field has been achieved in terms of improving optical transparency, controlling PCMs both optically and electrically, and integrating with complex photonic circuits, leading to exciting applications. When PCMs are mated with metasurfaces, devices are capable of controlling the phase and amplitude of propagating light with arrays of subwavelength structures. These enhance tunability and reconfigurability and continue to redefine the boundaries of optical sciences. PCM-based metasurface optics also help to accelerate the adoption of new architectures with reduced size, weight, and power (SWaP) for science and space mission platforms at NASA. In this talk, I will introduce two NASA-lead PCM photonic projects: 1. P-ACTIVE (PCM-based actively tunable filter) for broad imaging and sensing applications – from probing molecular vibrations in chemical species to detecting radiant thermal signatures of the space launch system. 2. PROWESS (Phase change reconfigurable optical wavefront synthesis system) as a beam steerer for both Earth and space LiDAR and free space optical communication applications. From this seminar, the attendees will be exposed not only to PCM-based photonic technologies but also NASA missions including the MISSE (Materials on the International Space Station Experiment) test campaign that was conducted to expose PCMs and PCM-based metasurfaces in space for 6 months in 2022.

phase change material↗
DOE OSTI2024

Chalcogenide phase-change material advances programmable terahertz metamaterials: a non-volatile perspective for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces

Terahertz (THz) waves have gained considerable attention in the rising 6G communication due to their large bandwidth. However, the cost and power consumption become the major constraints for the commercialization of 6G THz systems as the frequency increases. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) comprising active metasurfaces and digital controllers has been proposed for beamforming in the 6G multiple-input-multiple-output systems, showing good potential to suppress the system size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP). Currently, their controlling diodes can hardly work up to THz frequencies. Therefore, several active stimuli have been investigated as alternatives. Among them, chalcogenide phase-change material Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) addresses large modulation depth, picosecond switching speed, and non-volatile properties. Notably, the non-volatile GST may enable RIS systems with memory and low control power. This work briefly reviews the advances of GST-tuned THz metamaterials (MTMs), discusses the current obstacles to overcome, and gives a perspective of GST applications in the rising 6G communications.

6G↗