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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement among National Energy Technology Laboratory, The Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia by and on behalf of Georgia Institute of Technology, and University of Texas at El Paso [Abstract]

Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT), University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), and the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) will collaborate and develop cyber-physical systems for advanced power systems. GIT will test virtual models on hybrid power system hardware and cyber physical components. UTEP will test novel actuators on hybrid power system hardware. NETL will access GIT’s expertise in the engineering and real time simulation of power system processes for cyber-physical systems and simulations to control hardware. NETL will establish a relationship to promote UTEP’s capabilities in additive manufacturing and high-temperature piezo-electric devices with the potential for controlling high-temperature flows with a light and inexpensive device at high response rates. This project is the result of an EERE Advanced Manufacturing Office open Multi-Topic awarded proposal led by GIT titled, “Robust Combined Heat and Hybrid Power (CHHP) for High Electrical Efficiency Cogeneration”.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Georgia

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessments (PSHA) form the basis for most contemporary seismic provisions in building codes around the world. The current building code of Georgia (2009) is not fully compatible with seismic hazard and design concepts of modern codes. The Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia is currently undertaking an update to the building code to align it with EuroCode. In conjunction with EuroCode, a National Annex specific to Georgia is needed, including seismic hazard values for the territory of Georgia. A comprehensive earthquake catalogue is fundamental to a robust PSHA in the region. The Caucasus has had an uneven seismic recording and reporting history both temporally and spatially. Therefore, there has been a strong regional effort to bring together data from all the countries in the Caucasus, to digitize and standardize paper-based data from the Soviet era, and to re-examine magnitude and location calculations. The earthquake catalogue resulting from this effort forms the basis for a reliable seismic hazard assessment. Recognizing these needs, the U.S. Department of Energy through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) initiated a project in 2015 to engage and train local scientists in the Caucasus to install new equipment, to enhance the quality of seismic monitoring and reporting, and to improve and harmonize the regional earthquake catalogue. In 2016, the project scope was expanded to include the modernization of seismic hazard assessments. To this end, a series of workshops were held in Georgia, the first one of which presented an overview of PSHA and its components to various participants from the universities and other research organizations in the region. This kick-off workshop was followed by numerous hands-on training workshops in 2017 and 2018, covering all aspects of PSHA. In addition to their training goals, the workshops brought together existing and new information relevant to PSHA studies in the region, providing a platform for local scientists/engineers and experts from other parts of the world to interact, cooperate and discuss various pieces of the PSHA input. This report outlines the aspects of the earthquake catalogue development and PSHA project that were specifically undertaken to form the basis for the building code update in Georgia. Georgia straddles the Greater Caucasus and Lesser Caucasus Fold and Thrust belts, where the convergent tectonic setting generates significant earthquake activity. To the east of the country, evidence indicates the possibility of a remnant subducting slab that causes earthquakes deeper than 40km. This study systematically compiles and improves all available data on local seismicity, active faults, and ground motion attenuation characteristics of the region; and builds a framework to enable a contemporary PSHA to be carried out with the engagement of local scientists. To this end, six regional workshops were organized in total over a three-year period of time, with participation from the United States, Canada and Hungary as well as countries in the Caucasus: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkey. The workshops served multiple purposes such as training, data collection, interactions between local earth scientists and engineers, and brainstorming and knowledge exchange among local and international experts.

Geosciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Genomic-based biosurveillance for avian influenza: whole genome sequencing from wild mallards sampled during autumn migration in 2022–2023 reveals a high co-infection rate on migration stopover site in Georgia

The Caucasus region, including Georgia, is an important intersection for migratory waterbirds, offering potential for avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission between populations from different geographic areas. In 2022 and 2023, wild ducks were sampled during autumn migration events in Georgia to study the genetic relationships and molecular characteristics of influenza strains. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were used to compare the sampled strains to reference sequences from Africa, Asia, and Europe, allowing assessment of genetic relationships and virus transmission between migratory birds. Protein language modeling identified potential co-infections. Of 225 duck samples, 128 tested positive for the influenza M gene. 55 influenza-positive samples underwent whole-genome sequencing, revealing significant diversity. Analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) segment showed notable differences among subtypes. Most samples were H6N1 and H6N6, but co-infections with combinations like H6H3, N8N1, N6H9, N2N6, and H9H6/N1N2 were also identified. These findings demonstrate the high variability of influenza viruses in migratory waterbirds in Georgia, including a notable rate of co-infections. Some samples exhibited uncommon genetic characteristics compared to other strains from the same year, suggesting Georgia’s role as a mixing vessel for influenza viruses. This facilitates reassortment during co-infections and contributes to the genetic diversity observed across flyways.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Geologic Characterization of the South Georgia Rift Basin for Source Proximal CO2 Storage

The project Geologic Characterization of the South Georgia Rift Basin for Source Proximal CO2 Storage is one of 9 site characterization projects that were implemented as part of ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act). Data from this project was used to improve resolution of data in NATCARB in the area of study. Data related to this study has already been incorporated in NATCARB Atlas. The South Carolina Research Foundation and partners evaluated the feasibility of CCS in the Jurassic/ Triassic (J / TR) saline formations of the buried Mesozoic South Georgia Rift (SGR) Basin that extends from South Carolina into Georgia. The J / TR sequence, based on preliminary assessment of limited geologic and geophysical data, appears to have both the appropriate areal extent and multiple horizons to permanently and safely store CO2 The presence of several igneous rock layers within the sequence may potentially provide adequate seals to prevent upward CO2 migration into the Coastal Plain aquifer systems. Approximately 81 kilometers of 2-D seismic reflection data were collected by Bay Geophysical, Inc. to explore a portion of the SGR located in southern Georgia. The 81 kilometers were divided into two lines approximately 40.5 kilometers each, with Line 1 intersecting Georgia well GGS 3457. Line 2 intersects Line 1 at the southern portion of Line 1 to maximize the extent of coverage away from GGS-3457 (a deep well drilled in the 1980s for oil and gas exploration). This well had a set of usable logs, including gamma and neutron logs that provided promising results related to CO2 storage. Results showed sandstone with porosity values greater than 10 percent and a thickness of 120 meters. The design of the seismic shot was to extrapolate information away from the well and to better define the extent of the SGR and the necessary reservoir and caprock for a successful CO2 injection. A numerical simulation model of CO2 Injection and migration was developed based on the geology log for the GGS-3457 well. The simulation model was used to investigate the feasibility of injecting 30 million metric tons of CO2 into SGR J / TA sediments and integrity of the diabase layers as seals to prevent CO2 migration.

2-D seismic↗
DOE OSTI2021

SolarSMART 2020 Georgia Survey

The SolarSMART 2020 Georgia Survey dataset provides results from a survey of 1,544 residents of the State of Georgia above the age of 18 on their perceptions of photovoltaic solar energy. The survey includes the following: demographic information for each respondent, their location in the state (by ZIP Code); the type of house they reside within; whether they have or have not adopted solar energy (and if so, how did they adopt solar energy); their personal views and perceptions of solar energy both for themselves and within their community; and their perceptions of who within Georgia and across the United States would or would not be inclined to adopt solar. Respondents were asked to provide their responses to questions addressing the following issues as they pertained to both themselves and their perceptions of others (Georgians and Americans writ large): (a) perception of how home type shape solar adoption; (b) perceptions of personal values (interpersonal, political, environmental); (c) the design of solar and the marketing of it; (d) financial dimensions of adopting solar energy; (d) and favorability towards new technologies. This data was collected via an online survey through a third-party distributor between June and September of 2020. Respondents were from 151 of the 159 counties of the State of Georgia, with representation of both urban and rural residents. In total, the dataset includes 171 variables, with one being an open-ended question coded by the research team. Variables include demographic characteristics (personal, housing, location), multiple-choice single answer, ranked-choice responses to different statements about solar, and a series of two digital map exercises where respondents highlighted geographic regions (states or parts of Georgia) based on whether the believe residents there do, do not, or they do not know if the respondents do or do not adopt solar.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Molecular and Epidemiological Investigation of Fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis —Georgia, United States, 2021

Abstract Background Reports of fluconazole-resistant Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections are increasing. We describe a cluster of fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis bloodstream infections identified in 2021 on routine surveillance by the Georgia Emerging Infections Program in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Methods Whole-genome sequencing was used to analyze C parapsilosis bloodstream infections isolates. Epidemiological data were obtained from medical records. A social network analysis was conducted using Georgia Hospital Discharge Data. Results Twenty fluconazole-resistant isolates were identified in 2021, representing the largest proportion (34%) of fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis bloodstream infections identified in Georgia since surveillance began in 2008. All resistant isolates were closely genetically related and contained the Y132F mutation in the ERG11 gene. Patients with fluconazole-resistant isolates were more likely to have resided at long-term acute care hospitals compared with patients with susceptible isolates (P = .01). There was a trend toward increased mechanical ventilation and prior azole use in patients with fluconazole-resistant isolates. Social network analysis revealed that patients with fluconazole-resistant isolates interfaced with a distinct set of healthcare facilities centered around 2 long-term acute care hospitals compared with patients with susceptible isolates. Conclusions Whole-genome sequencing results showing that fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis isolates from Georgia surveillance demonstrated low genetic diversity compared with susceptible isolates and their association with a facility network centered around 2 long-term acute care hospitals suggests clonal spread of fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis. Further studies are needed to better understand the sudden emergence and transmission of fluconazole-resistant C parapsilosis.

Misas, Elizabeth (ORCID:0000000162437716)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Landuse and land cover shape organic contaminants distribution in the Oconee River watershed in Georgia

Amid growing concerns over the persistence of organic contaminants, this study examines the influence of land-use patterns on their distribution in the Oconee River watershed, Georgia. Surface water samples from five sites across urban, recreational, and forested areas of Georgia’sOconee River watershed were analyzed for 22 organic contaminants, including pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Contaminant concentrations varied, with Acenaphthene (max: 19,462.04 ng/L), Chrysene (max: 984.10 ng/L), and Naphthalene (max: 2428.06 ng/L) being predominant. Atrazine (max: 171.04 ng/L) and Malathion (max: 114.99 ng/L)were the most detected pesticides. Land use and land cover significantly influence organic contaminant distribution, with higher levels in forested and urban areas. Risk Quotient (RQ) analysis confirmed no contaminants surpassed the critical threshold, though cumulative exposure may pose long-term risks. The study emphasizes the need for targeted monitoring and regulatory efforts to safeguard water quality in river systems influenced by diverse land-use practices.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Significance of lysogeny for the metabolism of Desulfovibrio spp. strains isolated from aquatic environments of Georgia

Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are ecologically important group of anaerobic micro-organisms that can reduce sulphate to form hydrogen sulphide-a toxic gas causing iron corrosion on metal surfaces. In this work, SRB strains were isolated from aquatic environments in the country of Georgia to determine their lysogenicity and the role of temperate phages in host metabolism. SRB strains were isolated in samples from the Black Sea coast of Georgia. Based on their genetic, cytological and physiological properties of bacteria, 10 Georgian isolates were assigned to the genus Desulfovibrio. Temperate bacteriophages were induced from three out of ten strains by UV-exposure. Comparison of metal (Fe and Cr) reduction and utilization of various carbon sources by the wild-type (lysogenic) bacterial strains and their UV-irradiated counterparts was done. Temperate phage in the cells of SRB could alter significant functions of bacteria and may have a contribution in the acquisition of different traits by SRB. This article pointed to a significant role for temperate bacteriophages in the metabolism and metabolic potential of host strains of SRB, which were first isolated from the aquatic environment of Georgia.

temperate phage↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux US-GCE Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Flux Tower

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-GCE Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Flux Tower. Site Description - Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on the interior of Sapelo Island, a barrier island on the Georgia Coast. The GCE-LTER research program was initiated in September 2000, and the eddy covariance flux tower was deployed in the salt marsh in July 2013. Septmber - March has North-northeast winds has SURFACE_HOMOGENEITY of 270m.

Mishra, Deepak [University of Georgia]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Geochemical Assessment for Carbon Sequestration in the Conasauga Group, Northwest Georgia, USA

Sedimentary geological formations are known to be great candidates for geological carbon sequestration. Published studies suggest the southeast of the United States contains many formations suitable for carbon storage. The Cassville 1 Stratigraphic Borehole well could act as a potential carbon reservoir for nearby energy resource facilities in Georgia, United States. Although studies have shown that porous formations are adequate for geological carbon sequestration, it is important to understand possible geochemical reactions between CO 2 and the targeted geological formation before injecting any fluids. In this study, a sandstone sample from the Cassville 1 well is being considered for geological carbon sequestration in the Conasauga Group in Northwest Georgia. Here, the collected sandstone sample, consisting of quartz, K-feldspar, micas, kaolinite, and carbonate minerals such as calcite and dolomite, has a 6% porosity. Leveraging the formation composition and porosity, a one-dimensional continuum reactive transport model was built using CrunchFlow to assess possible geochemical reactions between injected CO 2 and the geological formation. Simulation results show that the carbonate minerals, calcite and dolomite, dissolve during the injection period of 10,000 days, increasing formation porosity from 6% to as much as 30%. The rate and extent of carbonate mineral dissolution and resulting porosity increase are highly sensitive to mineral reactive surface area values. No evidence of mineral precipitation was observed, suggesting that dissolution reactions will control porosity evolution during the CO 2 injection period.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterization of recent wild pig-vehicle collisions in Georgia, USA

Vehicle collisions with wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are reported almost everywhere this species is found. However, this is one of the least studied and characterized forms of damage that these invasive animals cause in the United States (U.S.). Here, we analyzed 518 wild pig-vehicle collisions (WPVCs) that took place statewide in Georgia between 2015 and 2021. From that dataset, we analyzed several parameters in order to better understand and characterize these accidents on a scale that had previously not been done in the U.S. Wild pig-vehicle collisions were reported from 105 out of the 159 counties in Georgia, increasing in number annually over the seven-year period. WPVCs were most likely to occur in the fall (37%). A duration weighted time of day analysis showed that WPVCs were most frequent at dusk. Most (97%) reported accidents were caused by live wild pigs, with the remainder being due to collisions with already dead or road-killed pigs. Most (86%) collisions involved a single wild pig while the remainder occurred with two or more pigs. Collisions occurred mostly with passenger cars on dry, straight, and level two-lane blacktop roads under dark, unlighted conditions. Nine percent of the vehicle accidents involving wild pigs resulted in injuries to the drivers and passengers. Some of the most severe injuries reported were caused by swerving to avoid striking wild pigs. No human fatalities were recorded due to these accidents. Wild pig-vehicle collisions are costly and dangerous and should be closely monitored and mitigated by the agencies responsible for motorist safety, transportation infrastructure, and wildlife management.

Georgia↗
DOE OSTI2019

Isolation and Characterization of Akhmeta Virus from Wild-Caught Rodents ( Apodemus spp.) in Georgia

In 2013, a novel orthopoxvirus was detected in skin lesions of two cattle herders from the Kakheti region of Georgia (country); this virus was named Akhmeta virus. Subsequent investigation of these cases revealed that small mammals in the area had serological evidence of orthopoxvirus infections, suggesting their involvement in the maintenance of these viruses in nature. In October 2015, we began a longitudinal study assessing the natural history of orthopoxviruses in Georgia. As part of this effort, we trapped small mammals near Akhmeta (n = 176) and Gudauri (n = 110). Here, we describe the isolation and molecular characterization of Akhmeta virus from lesion material and pooled heart and lung samples collected from five wood mice (Apodemus uralensis and Apodemus flavicollis) in these two locations. The genomes of Akhmeta virus obtained from rodents group into 2 clades: one clade represented by viruses isolated from A. uralensis samples, and one clade represented by viruses isolated from A. flavicollis samples. These genomes also display several presumptive recombination events for which gene truncation and identity have been examined.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Designing a GIS-based supply chain for producing carinata-based sustainable aviation fuel in Georgia, USA

Carinata is a potential crop for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production in the southern USA. However, as a novel crop, the cost-effectiveness and environmental feasibility of carinata feedstock are unknown, and there are questions about the optimal supply chain configuration for carinata-based SAF production. This study aims to design a supply chain model for carinata-based SAF production by optimizing the location of farms and facilities (e.g. storage units, crushing mills, biorefineries) for a minimum transportation cost under a set of supply and demand conditions. An integrated mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model was combined with geographical information system (GIS) analysis to design a spatially explicit supply chain configuration. The GIS-based network analysis considered all of the counties in Georgia to set the candidate locations of carinata farms and facilities, and determined minimum cost and emission routes between those counties and the airport using existing transportation networks and modes (e.g. road, rail and pipeline). The MILP model determined the final selection of the farms and the number of facilities and their locations over those minimum-cost routes. With this supply chain configuration, the minimum price of SAF was $\$$0.92 L –1 , which is $\$$0.44 higher than conventional aviation fuel (CAF). The associated carbon intensity of SAF was estimated at 940.7 g CO 2 e L –1 , a reduction of 66% relative to the carbon intensity of equivalent CAF. The study found that a carbon tax (or subsidy) of $\$$230.48 t CO 2 e –1 would be needed to overcome the cost differential with CAF and promote carinata-based SAF in Georgia.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

2017 National Household Travel Survey—Georgia Add-On

The National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) ran from April 19, 2016, through April 25, 2017. It collected data on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of households, as well as detailed information on travel behavior nationwide. State transportation departments and metropolitan planning agencies had the opportunity to purchase extra household samples as part of the NHTS add-on program. These additional samples, along with national samples collected in the add-on areas, are compiled for use in transportation planning, forecasting, and research. The Georgia Department of Transportation participated in the NHTS add-on program and received a total of 8,631 household samples in Georgia. (The total number of household samples nationwide is 129,112.)

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2025

Machine Learning Models for Mapping Groundwater Pollution Risk: Advancing Water Security and Sustainable Development Goals in Georgia, USA

The widespread use of pesticides, such as atrazine and malathion, in agricultural systems raises significant concerns regarding the contamination of groundwater, which serves as a critical resource for drinking water. This study applies machine learning techniques to predict the concentrations of atrazine and malathion in groundwater across Georgia, USA, using 2019 data. A Random Forest classifier was employed to integrate various environmental and demographic factors, including pesticide application rates, precipitation, lithology, and population density, to predict pesticide contamination in groundwater. The models demonstrated high training accuracies of 100% and moderate average testing accuracy of 55% for atrazine and 60% for malathion across five iterations. The low test accuracy of the model, ranging from 50% to 75%, is likely due to overfitting, which can be attributed to the small dataset size and the complex nature of pesticide-contamination patterns, making it challenging for the model to generalize to unseen data. Feature importance analysis revealed that average pesticide usage emerged as the most influential factor for atrazine, while aquifer lithology and precipitation played crucial roles in both models. These results provide valuable insights into the dynamics of pesticide contamination, highlighting areas at greater risk of contamination. The findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental, geological, and agricultural variables for more effective groundwater management and sustainable agricultural practices, contributing to the protection of water resources and public health.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Acoustic Impedance Inversions for Offshore CO 2 Storage: South Georgia Embayment, United States

This study builds and expands on previous CO 2 storage resource assessment studies of the southeastern offshore Atlantic margin by providing a detailed evaluation on how rock porosities and permeabilities are distributed across the Upper Cretaceous strata restricted to the South Georgia Embayment (SGE). Using legacy industry two-dimensional seismic reflection and well data, this assessment is the first application of multiple seismic inversion techniques in this area. This workflow provides a reliable and repeatable model-based inversion which gives an improved image to discriminate lithology and predict porosity. The workflow is applicable to future CO 2 storage resource assessment studies elsewhere. The inversion results indicate that distinct porosity and permeability regimes are present and distributed in the Upper Cretaceous strata within the SGE. The impedance and porosity relationships show well-founded and reliable correlation. These relationships reveal low impedance coincident to the high porosity intervals which are proposed as potential reservoir intervals for CO 2 storage. In addition, the result shows that the Upper Cretaceous strata have two main potential reservoirs in the lower part. These are overlain by a thick impermeable interval, mostly shale, which has high impedance, low porosity, and low permeability and extends within the SGE. This result is in agreement with a previous study that also proposed two significant storage reservoirs for CO 2 in the Upper Cretaceous strata. Since porosity distribution is estimated using multiple methods, it follows the trends of seismic signature and structures of the Upper Cretaceous strata. The extracted values of porosity, ranging from 15 to 36%, and permeability, ranging from 1 to 100 mD, are close to the measured values from the well core data at the Upper Cretaceous strata interval.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Geo-temporal patterns to design cost-effective interventions for zoonotic diseases -the case of brucellosis in the country of Georgia

Control of zoonosis can benefit from geo-referenced procedures. Focusing on brucellosis, here the ability of two methods to distinguish disease dissemination patterns and promote cost-effective interventions was compared. Geographical data on bovine, ovine and human brucellosis reported in the country of Georgia between 2014 and 2019 were investigated with (i) the Hot Spot (HS) analysis and (ii) a bio-geographical (BG) alternative. More than one fourth of all sites reported cases affecting two or more species. While ruminant cases displayed different patterns over time, most human cases described similar geo-temporal features, which were associated with the route used by migrant shepherds. Other human cases showed heterogeneous patterns. The BG approach identified small areas with a case density twice as high as the HS method. The BG method also identified, in 2018, a 2.6–2.99 higher case density in zoonotic (human and non-human) sites than in non-zoonotic sites (which only reported cases affecting a single species) –a finding that, if corroborated, could support cost-effective policy-making. Three dissemination hypotheses were supported by the data: (i) human cases induced by sheep-related contacts; (ii) human cases probably mediated by contaminated milk or meat; and (iii) cattle and sheep that infected one another. This proof-of-concept provided a preliminary validation for a method that may support cost-effective interventions oriented to control zoonoses. To expand these findings, additional studies on zoonosis-related decision-making are recommended.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗