Glider Development in Germany : a Technical Survey of Progress in Design in Germany Since 1922
This report is a recounting of glider development beginning with the "Vampyr" on up to the present day.
Shenstone, B S↗
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US metric study mission to the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany: Report of the NASA representative (Executive Summary)
The trip report is given of the NASA representative of the U.S. metric study mission to the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany. The mission was organized and conducted under the aegis of the American National Metric Council to learn at first hand the progress of metrication in the United Kingdom and the progress of metrication in the aerospace industry in both the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany. Representatives of the mission included a cross section of government, industry, labor, and other segments of the private sector. After general and special meetings in the United Kingdom, U.S. members with aerospace related interests met with aerospace representatives in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Vlannes, P. N.↗
Progress made in the construction of giant airplanes in Germany during the war
The construction of giant airplanes was begun in Germany in August, 1914. The tables annexed here show that a large number of airplanes weighing up to 15.5 tons were constructed and tested in Germany during the War, and it is certain that no other country turned out airplanes of this weight nor in such large numbers. An examination of the tables shows that by the end of the War all the manufacturers had arrived at a well-defined type, namely an airplane of about 12 tons with four engines of 260 horsepower each. The aircraft listed here are discussed with regard to useful weight and aerodynamic qualities.
Baumann, A↗
Summer temperatures during the last glaciation (MIS 5c to MIS 3) inferred from a 50,000-year chironomid record from Füramoos, southern Germany
There is a sparsity of long, continuous palaeotemperature records for the last glacial period in central Europe, particularly for the interval corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4 and 3. Here we present a new, ca. 50-thousand year (ka)-long chironomid record from Füramoos, southern Germany, covering the interval from MIS 5a to MIS 3 that we use to examine lake development and then to quantitatively reconstruct mean July air temperatures. Chironomid assemblages with high abundances of taxa such as Polypedilum nubeculosum-type, Microtendipes pedellus-type, Cladopelma lateralis-type and Dicrotendipes nervosus-type imply a shallow-lake setting for the majority of the examined interval, which is corroborated by other aquatic remains such as oribatid mites, Sialidae and Ceratopogonidae. Assemblages from the interval ca. 99 to 80 ka (in the region corresponding to the Brörup Interstadial, Stadial B and early Odderade Interstadial) are dominated by taxa such as Tanytarsus glabrescens-type and Tanytarsus mendax-type and indicate relatively warm temperatures. Assemblages from the interval covering ca. 80 to 54 ka (corresponding to the late Odderade, Stadial C, Dürnten Interstadial and Stadial D) are dominated by taxa such as Sergentia coracina-type and Tanytarsus lugens-type and are typical for cooler conditions. Reconstructed July temperatures for the early Würmian (Brörup to early Odderade; ca. 99–80 ka) are 13–14 °C. Values decline to <10 °C during the late Odderade and Stadial C (ca. 80–77 ka) around the MIS 5a/4 transition. This decrease is coeval with a pronounced decrease in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Values stay in the range of 9–11 °C during the Dürnten and Stadial D (ca. 54–74.5 ka) and increase again to 12.5 °C during the Bellamont 1 interstadial (ca. 54–46 ka). Reconstructed July temperatures track changes in arboreal pollen percentages at Füramoos and agree with a summer-temperature decrease during the early to mid-Würmian as reported by other palaeotemperature records from Europe and the North Atlantic. Our chironomid record from Füramoos provides valuable new insights into Würmian climate dynamics in Central Europe, and corroborates other temperature reconstructions from the early to mid-Würmian glacial period.
Chironomids↗
Tabular comparisons of the Flynn Creek impact crater, United States, Steinheim impact crater, Germany and Snowball explosion crater, Canada
A tabular outline of comparative data is presented for 340 basic dimensional, morphological, and structural parameters and related aspects for three craters of the flat-floored, central uplift type, two of which are natural terrestrial impact craters and one is a large-scale experimental explosion crater. The three craters are part of a general class, in terms of their morphology and structural deformation that is represented on each of the terrestrial planets including the moon. One of the considered craters, the Flynn Creek Crater, was formed by a hypervelocity impact event approximately 360 m.y. ago in what is now north central Tennessee. The impacting body appears to have been a carbonaceous chondrite or a cometary mass. The second crater, the Steinheim Crater, was formed by an impact event approximately 14.7 m.y. ago in what is now southwestern Germany. The Snowball Crater was formed by the detonation of a 500-ton TNT hemisphere on flat-lying, unconsolidated alluvium in Alberta, Canada.
Roddy, D. J.↗
Solar technology in the Federal Republic of Germany
A series of papers dealing with the status of solar research and development in the Federal Republic of Germany are presented at a conference in Greece with the object of promoting international cooperation in solar energy utilization. The reports focus on solar collector designs, solar systems, heat pumps, solar homes, solar cooling and refrigeration, desalination and electric power generation. Numerous examples of systems produced by German manufacturers are illustrated and described, and performance data are presented.
Source record↗
Ries impact crater, southern Germany - Search for meteoritic material
Twenty-three samples covering a wide range of shock metamorphism from the Ries impact crater in southern Germany were analyzed for siderophile and volatile elements in order to determine the chemical nature of the impacting meteorite. Slight enrichments in the siderophile elements Ir and Os above the indigenous level of 0.015 ppb were observed in only eight samples, including a shocked, metal-bearing amphibolite and two weakly shocked biotite gneisses, whereas those samples expected to contain meteoritic material (heavily shocked glasses) do not exhibit a perceptible siderophile enrichment. The Ir, Os and Ni enrichments of the metal bearing amphibolite are found to be compatible with chondritic ratios, while in the other enriched samples, Ir, Ni and Se relationships suggest an achondritic meteoritic origin. An aubritic projectile is concluded to be most compatible with the data.
Morgan, J. W.↗
The joint measuring campaign 1979 in Ruthe (West Germany) description and preliminary data
The measurements and observations performed as part of the TELLUS project on soil moisture and heat budget evaluations of selected areas in the vecinity of Ruthe, West Germany are presented and discussed. The main lines of investigation include evapotranspiration and moisture content in bare soils covered by vegetation, interactions between natural phenomena and mesoscale heat budget, and man made changes and their impact on regional heat budget.
Vanderploeg, R. R.↗
Ejecta of the Ries Crater, Germany
Attention is given to the light which may be shed by the ejecta surrounding the 26-km diameter Ries Crater in West Germany on the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Event. Moldavites represent early high speed ejecta originating at the projectile-target interface. Bunte breccia reflects the major excavation and ejection phase, comprising more than 90 percent of all ejecta beyond the rim crest. Suevite is deposited last, and is derived from the deepest target stratum. Using various scaling laws that relate the bolide's kinetic energy to crater geometry or volume, and assuming a 25 km/sec impact velocity, a 1-2 km projectile diameter is obtained for a stony object. Geochemical studies reveal that projectile dissemination is heterogeneous, and that maximum extraterrestrial contamination modeled as a C1 chondrite is 0.004 wt pct. Observations from this and other terrestrial craters show that tektites and microtectites provide the sole evidence for widespread impact deposits.
Horz, F.↗
BDLI memorandum on the future of space flight in the Federal Republic of Germany
The future of the aerospace effort in the Federal Republic of Germany is reviewed. The status of the aerospace industry in the FRG is compared with that in other countries and various areas of research are explored in terms of their relevance to the German economy and to the FRG's position as a competitor in the world market.
Source record↗
Agreement between the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning scientific-technical cooperation
An agreement between the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning scientific technical cooperation is disclosed. The parties to the treaty agree to promote scientific and technical cooperation on a basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual advantage.
Source record↗
Extraterrestrial research in the Federal Republic of Germany
This German program for basic extraterrestrial research is an essential, successful, and worldwide recognized part of the space program and has the same attributes for basic research in the Federal Republic of Germany. It covers all major scientific disciplines.
Source record↗
Regional quasigeoid determination in Northern Germany and comparison with GPS
For the northern part of the Federal Republic of Germany, new quasigeoid solutions were computed by least squares collocation and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) techniques using point and mean gravity data, a digital terrain model, and a global geopotential model. As severe accuracy limitations for precise regional quasigeoid determination come from global model uncertainties, different geopotential models were investigated by combining them with gravimetric data and comparing the quasigeoid heights with GPS and leveling. Optimum results were obtained by a global model tailored to gravity data in Europe. Collocation and FFT results based on this model agree well. The comparison with GPS and leveling yields rms discrepancies of + or - 2 cm over approximately 400 km range.
Denker, Heiner↗
Suevite superposition on the Bunte breccia in Noerdlinger Ries, Germany: New findings on the transport mechanism of impactites
Research undertaken in the last decades in Noerdlinger Ries, Germany, has repeatedly emphasized the sharp contact between Bunte breccia and suevite. However, extensive investigations into this layer boundary have not yet been possible due to insufficient outcrop ratios. New outcrops enabled an in-depth investigation into the superposition of suevite on the Bunte breccia, which is assigned a key role in interpreting the transport mechanisms of ejecta of large impact. In two quarries lying several kilometers east and south-southwest of the crater, the contact between the suevite and Bunte breccia was recorded in detailed sections on outcrops of over 50 m in length.
Bringemeier, D.↗
Aeronautic instruction in Germany
This report contains a list of the courses relating to aeronautics announced in Germany, both in the technical high schools and in the universities.
Bouche, Henri↗
Report on commercial air transportation activities in England, France, Germany and Holland
The following pages present a review of the air transportation activities of England, France, Germany and Holland, based on an inspection trip during the summer of 1924.
Van Zandt, J Parker↗
Development of the rules governing the strength of airplanes. Part II : loading conditions in Germany (continued), England and the United States
Load factors and loading conditions are presented for Germany, England, and the United States. Results of tests are presented and loading conditions are presented under various stress categories like freight, commercial, aerobatics, and training.
Kussner, H G↗
NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 62: The Influence of Knowledge Diffusion on Aeronautics Innovation: The Research, Development, and Production of Large Commercial Aircraft in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
This paper focuses on how European public policies-individually and collectively - influence the diffusion of knowledge and technology. It begins with an overview of the roles played historically and currently by European governments in the research, development and production (RD&P) of large commercial aircraft (LCA). The analytical framework brings together literature from global political economy, comparative politics, business management, and science and technology policy studies. It distinguishes between the production of knowledge, on the one hand, and the dissemination of knowledge, on the other. France, Germany, and the United Kingdom serve as the analytical cases. The paper concludes with a call for additional research in this area, some tentative lessons learned, and a discussion of the consequences of national strategies and policies for the diffusion of knowledge and technology in an era of globalization.
Pinelli, Thomas E.↗