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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

The Search for Missing Resonances: the Neutron Anomaly

We report the observation of a narrow structure in the invariant mass spectrum of the {eta}-neutron pairs produced in the reaction {gamma}d{yields}{eta}n(p) which is absent in the {eta}-proton pairs produced in the reaction {gamma}d{yields}{eta}p(n). These results are obtained from a liquid deuterium target, the data sample was collected with the Crystal Barrel and TAPS detectors at the electron accelerator ELSA. This structure is also seen in preliminary analyses of the data samples taken by the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors at the electron accelerator MAMI with a liquid deuterium target and a liquid helium 3 target ruling out a nuclear effect. We report the measurements of the position and width of this narrow structure in the invariant mass spectrum at W{approx_equal}1665 MeV and with a FWHM of {Gamma} = 25 MeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Understanding Nucleons in the Nuclear Medium

Recent cross section (e,e'pN) short-range correlation experiments have clearly shown the strong dominance of tensor correlations for (e,e'p) missing momenta greater than the Fermi momentum; while recent D(e,e'p)n and 4He(e,e'p)t asymmetry experiments at low missing momentum have shown small changes from the free nucleon form factor. By doing asymmetry experiments as a function of missing momentum, these results can be linked together and observed as a change of sign in the measured asymmetry. This idea will be presented within the context of the recently completed Jefferson Lab Hall A quasi-elastic, polarized 3He(e,e'N) experiments (N=0,p,n,d) where the asymmetries of several reaction channels were measured with three, orthogonal target-spin directions. Together, these various experiments will help us to better understand nucleons in the nuclear medium.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Recent advances of polarized {sup 3}He target at Jefferson Lab

Polarized {sup 3}He targets have been widely used in nuclear and particle physics experiments to study neutron structure in the spin degree of freedom, as most of the {sup 3}He spin is carried by the unpaired neutron. The Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) process is used in Jefferson Lab Hall A to polarize its {sup 3}He target. In recent years, both the performance and corresponding polarimetry of such a target have been greatly improved. Several experiments recently carried out in Hall A have achieved record high figure of merit using this target.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Photoproduction of Mesons off Light Nuclei

During the last few years, a series of experiments has been done at the ELSA accelerator in Bonn with the Crystal Barrel/TAPS setup and at the MAMI accelerator in Mainz with the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. Photoproduction of light mesons off the deuteron and {sup 3}He-nuclei has been studied in detail. We will report some of the most interesting results.A completely unexpected finding, is the pronounced structure in the excitation function of the {gamma}n {yields} n{eta} reaction around 1 GeV, which has no counterpart for the proton. Recent measurements at GRAAL, Sendai, ELSA [1] and MAMI estimate it's width below 50 MeV, which would be extremely narrow for a nucleon resonance at this excitation energy. In the experiment with the {sup 3}He target, special attention was given to the threshold behavior of the {gamma}He{sup 3} reactions in view of possible indications for the formation of (quasi-)bound {eta}-nucleus states, so-called {eta}-mesic nuclei. A very strong threshold enhancement of coherent {eta}-photoproduction off {sup 3}He was found. In a new experiment, this reaction was measured with much better statistical accuracy compared to an earlier experiment at MAMI-B using the TAPS detector [2].

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Coherent photoproduction of {pi}{sup +} from {sup 3}He with CLAS at Jefferson Lab

We have measured the differential cross section for the {gamma}{sup 3}He{yields}{pi}{sup +}t reaction. This reaction was studied using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab. Real photons produced with the Hall-B bremsstrahlung tagging system in the energy range from 0.5 to 1.55 GeV were incident on a cryogenic liquid {sup 3}He target. The differential cross sections for the {gamma}{sup 3}He{yields}{pi}{sup +}t reaction were measured as a function of photon-beam energy and pion-scattering angle. Theoretical predictions to date cannot explain the large cross sections except at backward angles, showing that additional components must be added to the model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Electroweak reactions on light nuclei in chiral perturbation theory

I discuss the calculation of electromagnetic and weak reactions in few-nucleon systems using potentials and current operators derived within chiral effective theory ({chi}ET). Computations up to O(P{sup 3}) relative to leading are considered. I first present results that show that at this order {chi}ET gives a good description of extant data on the deuteron's charge and quadrupole form factors for momentum transfers |q|<0.6 GeV. These predictions will be challenged by forthcoming data from BLAST and JLab. I then review calculations pertaining to the {chi}ET expansion for weak currents, which has reached unprecedentedaccuracy. When used to anlayze data on the weak-capture process, {sup 3}He({mu}{sup -},{upsilon}{sub {mu}}){sup 3}H, it yields a tight constraint on the conserved vector-current hypothesis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of polarized {sup 3}He

The Jefferson Lab Experiment E05-102 'Measurement of A{sub x}{sup '} and A{sub z}{sup '} asymmetries in the quasi-elastic {sup 3}He(e,e'd) reaction' was performed in Hall A in 2009. The main physics motivation of the experiment was to investigate the effects of small components of the {sup 3}He ground-state wave-function by a simultaneous measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in quasi-elastic kinematics for three exclusive channels, (e,e'd), (e,e'p), and (e,e'n), at almost identical momentum transfers, as well as for (e,e'). This experiment will help map the spin structure of the {sup 3}He nucleus onto the picture of the ''free'' polarized neutron. As such, it is of great relevance to the polarized-neutron programs at Jefferson Lab and beyond.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Using multiple secondary fusion products to evaluate fuel ρR, electron temperature, and mix in deuterium-filled implosions at the NIF

In deuterium-filled inertial confinement fusion implosions, the secondary fusion processes D( 3 He,p) 4 He and D(T,n) 4 He occur, as the primary fusion products 3 He and T react in flight with thermal deuterons. In implosions with moderate fuel areal density (~ 5–100 mg/cm 2 ), the secondary D- 3 He reaction saturates, while the D-T reaction does not, and the combined information from these secondary products is used to constrain both the areal density and either the plasma electron temperature or changes in the composition due to mix of shell material into the fuel. The underlying theory of this technique is developed and applied to three classes of implosions on the National Ignition Facility: direct-drive exploding pushers, indirect-drive 1-shock and 2-shock implosions,and polar direct-drive implosions. In the 1- and 2-shock implosions, the electron temperature is inferred to be 0.65 x and 0.33 x the burn-averaged ion temperature, respectively. The inferred mixed mass in the polar direct-drive implosions is in agreement with measurements using alternative techniques.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2011

Trojan horse particle invariance studied with the {sup 6}Li(d,{alpha}){sup 4}He and {sup 7}Li(p,{alpha}){sup 4}He reactions

The Trojan horse nucleus invariance for the binary reaction cross section extracted from the Trojan horse reaction was tested using the quasifree {sup 3}He({sup 6}Li,{alpha}{alpha})H and {sup 3}He({sup 7}Li,{alpha}{alpha}){sup 2}H reactions. The cross sections for the {sup 6}Li(d,{alpha}){sup 4}He and {sup 7}Li(p,{alpha}){sup 4}He binary processes were extracted in the framework of the plane wave approximation. They are compared with direct behaviors as well as with cross sections extracted from previous indirect investigations of the same binary reactions using deuteron as the Trojan horse nucleus instead of {sup 3}He. The very good agreement confirms the applicability of the plane wave approximation which suggests the independence of the binary indirect cross section on the chosen Trojan horse nucleus, at least for the investigated cases.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Microscopic Calculation of the {sup 3}He({alpha},{gamma}){sup 7}Be and {sup 3}H({alpha},{gamma}){sup 7}Li Capture Cross Sections Using Realistic Interactions

The radiative capture cross sections for the {sup 3}He({alpha},{gamma}){sup 7}Be and {sup 3}H({alpha},{gamma}){sup 7}Li reactions are calculated in the fully microscopic fermionic molecular dynamics approach using a realistic effective interaction that reproduces the nucleon-nucleon scattering data. At large distances bound and scattering states are described by antisymmetrized products of {sup 4}He and {sup 3}He/{sup 3}H ground states. At short distances the many-body Hilbert space is extended with additional many-body wave functions needed to represent polarized clusters and shell-model-like configurations. Properties of the bound states are described well, as are the scattering phase shifts. The calculated S factor for the {sup 3}He({alpha},{gamma}){sup 7}Be reaction agrees very well with recent experimental data in both absolute normalization and energy dependence. In the case of the {sup 3}H({alpha},{gamma}){sup 7}Li reaction the calculated S factor is larger than available experimental data by about 15%.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Operation of the 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity in RHIC during run 14

A 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity was designed and installed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is the first superconducting quarter wave resonator (QWR) operating in a high-energy storage ring. We discuss herein the cavity operation with Au+Au collisions, and with asymmetrical Au+He3 collisions. The cavity is a storage cavity, meaning that it becomes active only at the energy of experiment, after the acceleration cycle is completed. With the cavity at 300 kV, an improvement in luminosity was detected from direct measurements, and the bunch length has been reduced. The uniqueness of the QWR demands an innovative design of the higher order mode dampers with high-pass filters, and a distinctive fundamental mode damper that enables the cavity to be bypassed during the acceleration stage.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Calculation of Spectra of Neutrons and Charged Particles Produced in a Target of a Neutron Generator

An algorithm for calculating the spectra of neutrons and associated charged particles produced in the target of a neutron generator is detailed. The products of four nuclear reactions {sup 3}H(d,n){sup 4}He, {sup 2}H(d,n){sup 3}He, {sup 2}H(d,p){sup 3}H, and {sup 3}He(d,p){sup 4}He are analyzed. The results of calculations are presented in the form of neutron spectra for several emission angles and spectra of associated charged particles emitted at an angle of 180° for a deuteron initial energy of 0.13 MeV.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Big bang nucleosynthesis revisited via Trojan Horse method measurements

Nuclear reaction rates are among the most important input for understanding primordial nucleosynthesis and, therefore, for a quantitative description of the early universe. An up-to-date compilation of direct cross-sections of {sup 2}H(d, p){sup 3}H, {sup 2}H(d, n){sup 3}He, {sup 7}Li(p, α){sup 4}He, and {sup 3}He(d, p){sup 4}He reactions is given. These are among the most uncertain cross-sections used and input for big bang nucleosynthesis calculations. Their measurements through the Trojan Horse method are also reviewed and compared with direct data. The reaction rates and the corresponding recommended errors in this work were used as input for primordial nucleosynthesis calculations to evaluate their impact on the {sup 2}H, {sup 3,4}He, and {sup 7}Li primordial abundances, which are then compared with observations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A laser application to nuclear astrophysics

In the last decade, the availability in high-intensity laser beams capable of producing plasmas with ion energies large enough to induce nuclear reactions has opened new research paths in nuclear physics. We studied the reactions {sup 3}He(d,p){sup 4}He and d(d,n){sup 3}He at temperatures of few keV in a plasma, generated by the interaction of intense ultrafast laser pulses with molecular deuterium or deuterated-methane clusters mixed with {sup 3}He atoms. The yield of 14.7 MeV protons from the {sup 3}He(d,p){sup 4}He reaction was used to extract the astrophysical S factor. Results of the experiment performed at the Center for High Energy Density Science at The University of Texas at Austin will be presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutron News from Jefferson Lab

Understanding the spin structure of the nucleon in terms of quarks and gluons has been a challenging endeavor for more than 25 years. The quark's contribution to the spin of the nucleon is well established and amounts to about 30% of 1/2({h_bar}/2{pi}). The study of gluon contributions and orbital angular momenta has been the main experimental (and theoretical) focus in recent years. New results of single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering will be presented. The Sivers- and Collins-Effects were investigated using asymmetries in pion electro-production off transversely polarized helium-3 targets.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

A measurement of double spin asymmetry A{sub LT} in semi-inclusive pion electroproduction on a transversely polarized {sup 3}He target

The double spin asymmetry A{sub LT} for {sup 3}He was measured for the first time at Jefferson Lab Hall A in the semi-inclusive {sup 3}He{up_arrow}({sup {yields}e},{pi}{sup +/-}X reactions, using a 6 GeV polarized electron beam on a transversely polarized {sup 3}He target. The produced charged pions were detected in coincidence with the scattered electrons by the high-resolution spectrometer and the BigBite spectrometer, respectively. The kinematic coverage was focused on the valence quark region, x {approx} 0.13-0.41, Q{sup 2}{approx} 1.31-3.10 (GeV/c){sup 2}. When combined with the world data, this new data will provide constraints on the g{sub 1T}{sup q} distribution functions, which describe the longitudinal polarization of quarks in a transversely polarized nucleon. The status of the current analysis and the preliminary results are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Primordial Lithium Abundance Problem

Prediction of the primordial abundances of elements in the big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the three strong evidences for the big bang model. Precise knowledge of the baryon-to-photon ratio of the Universe from observations of the anisotropies of cosmic microwave background radiation has made the Standard BBN a parameter-free theory. Although, there is a good agreement over a range of nine orders of magnitude between abundances of light elements deduced from observations and calculated in primordial nucleosynthesis, there remains a yet-unexplained discrepancy of {sup 7}Li abundance higher by a factor of ~3 when calculated theoretically. The primordial abundances depend on the astrophysical nuclear reaction rates and on three additional parameters, the number of light neutrino flavors, the neutron lifetime and the baryon-to-photon ratio in the Universe. The effect of the modification of thirty-five reaction rates on light element abundance yields in BBN was investigated earlier by us. In the present work we have incorporated the most recent values of neutron lifetime and the baryon-to-photon ratio and further modified {sup 3}He({sup 4}He, γ){sup 7}Be reaction rate which is used directly for estimating the formation of {sup 7}Li as a result of β{sup +} decay as well as the reaction rates for t({sup 4}He,γ){sup 7}Li and d({sup 4}He,γ){sup 6}Li. We find that these modifications reduce the theoretically calculated abundance of {sup 7}Li by ~12%.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Meson Photoproduction off the Deuteron and off {sup 3}He

Photoproduction of mesons off the deuteron and He nuclei has been studied at the tagged photon facilities of the Bonn ELSA accelerator and the Mainz MAMI accelerator with the Crystal/ setup (Mainz). Meson photoproduction off the neutron has been investigated for different final states ({pi}{sup o}, {pi}{sup o} {pi}{sup o}, {pi}{sup o} {pi}{sup -}, {eta}, {eta}{sup '}, {eta}{pi}{sup o}). A surprising finding was a narrow structure in the {gamma}n{yields}n{eta} excitation function, which is not seen in the proton case. Photoproduction off {sup 3}He has provided further evidence for the formation of an h-mesic state.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗