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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Studying {sup 12}B via {sup 8}Li-{alpha} resonant scattering

The inverse kinematics thick target scattering method (TTIK) has been used to study the {sup 8}Li elastic scattering on {sup 4}He in order to investigate {sup 8}Li-{alpha} cluster configurations in excited states of {sup 12}B. A {sup 8}Li beam, provided by the radioactive beam facility EXCYT, at E{sub beam} = 30.6 MeV, passing through helium thick target, continuously decreases its energy inducing elastic scattering starting from the initial energy down to zero. Four {Delta}E-E double stage silicon detector telescopes were used to detect the recoil {alpha}-particles coming from the scattering. Event by event time measurement between beam particles passing through a MCP detector and {alpha}-particles impinging on {Delta}E stage allows elastic from inelastic events discrimination, thus representing an improvement of the TTIK method. In this paper the used experimental technique and some preliminary results will be briefly described.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Big bang nucleosynthesis revisited via Trojan Horse method measurements

Nuclear reaction rates are among the most important input for understanding primordial nucleosynthesis and, therefore, for a quantitative description of the early universe. An up-to-date compilation of direct cross-sections of {sup 2}H(d, p){sup 3}H, {sup 2}H(d, n){sup 3}He, {sup 7}Li(p, α){sup 4}He, and {sup 3}He(d, p){sup 4}He reactions is given. These are among the most uncertain cross-sections used and input for big bang nucleosynthesis calculations. Their measurements through the Trojan Horse method are also reviewed and compared with direct data. The reaction rates and the corresponding recommended errors in this work were used as input for primordial nucleosynthesis calculations to evaluate their impact on the {sup 2}H, {sup 3,4}He, and {sup 7}Li primordial abundances, which are then compared with observations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The MINERνA detector

MINERνA (Main INjector Experiment for ν-A) is a dedicated neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment at Fermilab. It uses a fine-grained fully active detector to make precision measurements of neutrino and antineutrino interactions on a variety of different nuclear targets (plastic scintillator, C, Fe, Pb, He and H2O) for energies up to few GeV. An overview of the experiment and a description of the detector are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Physics with MINERvA

MINERvA is a precision neutrino experiment designed to improve our understanding of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. The experiment uses a fully active scintillation detector to allow full event reconstruction and includes nuclear targets helium, water, carbon, iron and lead. Here we describe the first steps in measuring lead to iron to carbon cross section ratios.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Using multiple secondary fusion products to evaluate fuel ρR, electron temperature, and mix in deuterium-filled implosions at the NIF

In deuterium-filled inertial confinement fusion implosions, the secondary fusion processes D( 3 He,p) 4 He and D(T,n) 4 He occur, as the primary fusion products 3 He and T react in flight with thermal deuterons. In implosions with moderate fuel areal density (~ 5–100 mg/cm 2 ), the secondary D- 3 He reaction saturates, while the D-T reaction does not, and the combined information from these secondary products is used to constrain both the areal density and either the plasma electron temperature or changes in the composition due to mix of shell material into the fuel. The underlying theory of this technique is developed and applied to three classes of implosions on the National Ignition Facility: direct-drive exploding pushers, indirect-drive 1-shock and 2-shock implosions,and polar direct-drive implosions. In the 1- and 2-shock implosions, the electron temperature is inferred to be 0.65 x and 0.33 x the burn-averaged ion temperature, respectively. The inferred mixed mass in the polar direct-drive implosions is in agreement with measurements using alternative techniques.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Calculation of Spectra of Neutrons and Charged Particles Produced in a Target of a Neutron Generator

An algorithm for calculating the spectra of neutrons and associated charged particles produced in the target of a neutron generator is detailed. The products of four nuclear reactions {sup 3}H(d,n){sup 4}He, {sup 2}H(d,n){sup 3}He, {sup 2}H(d,p){sup 3}H, and {sup 3}He(d,p){sup 4}He are analyzed. The results of calculations are presented in the form of neutron spectra for several emission angles and spectra of associated charged particles emitted at an angle of 180° for a deuteron initial energy of 0.13 MeV.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Charged current quasi-elastic neutrino analysis at MINERνA

MINERνA (Main INjector Experiment for ν-A) is a neutrino scattering experiment in the NuMI high-intensity neutrino beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. MINERvA was designed to make precision measurements of low energy neutrino and antineutrino cross sections on a variety of different materials (plastic scintillator, C, Fe, Pb, He and H2O). We present the current status of the charged current quasi-elastic scattering in plastic scintillator.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

MINERνA charged current inclusive analysis

MINERνA is a few-GeV neutrino scattering experiment that has been taking data in the NuMI beam line at Fermilab since November 2009. The experiment will provide important inputs, both in support of neutrino oscillation searches and as a pure weak probe of the nuclear medium. For this, MINERvA employs a fine-grained detector, with an eight ton active target region composed of plastic scintillator and a suite of nuclear targets composed of helium, carbon, iron, lead and water placed upstream of the active region. We will describe the current status of the charged current inclusive analysis in plastic scintillator.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Using Neutrino Nucleus Interactions as a Probe of the Strong Interaction

Neutrino scattering experiments have been studying QCD for over 30 years. From the Gargamelle experiments in the early 70's, through the subsequent bubble chamber and electronic detector experiments in the 80's and 90's, neutrino scattering experiments have steadily accumulated increasing statistics and minimized their systematic errors. An example of the more recent studies of QCD with neutrinos is from the TeVatron neutrino beam--the NuTeV {nu}-Fe experiment. The problem the community faces in trying to study QCD with modern neutrino data is that there is no experimentally verified way to scale neutrino-nucleus (for example, Fe) results to the equivalent neutrino-nucleon values making it difficult to combine neutrino nucleus scattering data with charged-lepton nucleus and nucleon scattering data in QCD global fits to extract parton distribution functions. This is particularly crucial since there is now indications that nuclear effects in neutrino nucleus interactions are different than those measured in charged-lepton nucleus scattering. To better understand this situation, the MINER{nu}A neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment at Fermilab, a collaboration of elementary-particle and nuclear physicists, is systematically studying neutrino nuclear effects off of He, C, Fe and Pb for a more thorough A-dependent study of nuclear PDFs and these correction factors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Calculated yield of isomer depletion due to NEEC for {sup 93m}Mo recoils

In the present work, quantitative calculations were carried out for production and depletion of the {sup 93m}Mo isomer in a relatively simple experiment using {sup 91}Zr beam ions. Such studies could be arranged at existing and operating accelerator facilities, e.g. at GSI or in JINR. The {sup 93m}Mo nuclei produced in a He gas target due to the {sup 4}He({sup 91}Zr, 2n) reaction will recoil into a gas stopper with a high velocity, being then depleted due to NEEC in highly-ionized species.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Alpha-particle capture reactions in inverse kinematics relevant to p-process nucleosynthesis

The first feasibility study of an {alpha}-particle capture reaction in inverse kinematics at energies relevant to the p process was performed at the Wien Filter of the LISE spectrometer at GANIL. Hereby, the {sup 4}He({sup 78}Kr,{gamma}){sup 82}Sr reaction was investigated using as target an {sup 4}He-implanted thin Al foil. The analysis of the data has shown that the determination of ({alpha},{gamma}) reaction cross sections at rather low energies around 2 MeV/u in inverse kinematics is indeed feasible regarding the high rejection rate of the primary beam, which in the present work was better than a factor of 10{sup 9}. However, the expected position of the recoils of interest was completely masked by particles of currently unknown origin that could hardly be attributed to scattering of the primary beam. The most probable explanation for the origin of these 'pollutants' could be microscopic dust particles of 10 {mu}m diameter and less, that are extremely difficult to avoid in standard experimental conditions. Hence, the use of a gas-jet target instead of a solid one is compulsory.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

A laser application to nuclear astrophysics

In the last decade, the availability in high-intensity laser beams capable of producing plasmas with ion energies large enough to induce nuclear reactions has opened new research paths in nuclear physics. We studied the reactions {sup 3}He(d,p){sup 4}He and d(d,n){sup 3}He at temperatures of few keV in a plasma, generated by the interaction of intense ultrafast laser pulses with molecular deuterium or deuterated-methane clusters mixed with {sup 3}He atoms. The yield of 14.7 MeV protons from the {sup 3}He(d,p){sup 4}He reaction was used to extract the astrophysical S factor. Results of the experiment performed at the Center for High Energy Density Science at The University of Texas at Austin will be presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

A gas jet target for radioactive ion beam experiments

New radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities, like FRIB in the US or FAIR in Europe, will push further away from stability and enable the next generation of nuclear physics experiments. Thus, the need for improved RIB targets is more crucial than ever: developments in exotic beams should coincide with developments in targets for use with those beams, in order for nuclear physics to remain on the cutting edge. Of great importance to the future of RIB physics are scattering, transfer and capture reaction measurements of rare, exotic, and unstable nuclei on light targets such as hydrogen and helium. These measurements require targets that are dense, highly localized, and pure, and conventional targets often suffer too many drawbacks to allow for such experimental designs. Targets must also accommodate the use of large area, highly-segmented silicon detector arrays, high-efficiency gamma arrays, and novel heavy ion detectors to efficiently measure the reaction products. To address this issue, the Jet Experiments in Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics (JENSA) Collaboration led by the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) is in the process of designing, building and testing a supersonic gas jet target for use at existing and future RIB facilities. The gas jet target provides a high density and high purity of target nuclei within a tightly confined region, without the use of windows or backing materials. The design also enables the use of multiple state-of-the-art detection systems.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Triple-{alpha} reaction rate constrained by stellar evolution models

We investigate the quantitative constraint on the triple-{alpha} reaction rate based on stellar evolution theory, motivated by the recent significant revision of the rate proposed by nuclear physics calculations. Targeted stellar models were computed in order to investigate the impact of that rate in the mass range of 0.8{<=}M/M{sub Circled-Dot-Operator }{<=}25 and in the metallicity range between Z= 0 and Z= 0.02. The revised rate has a significant impact on the evolution of low-and intermediate-mass stars, while its influence on the evolution of massive stars (M > 10M{sub Circled-Dot-Operator }) is minimal. We find that employing the revised rate suppresses helium shell flashes on AGB phase for stars in the initial mass range 0.8{<=}M/M{sub Circled-Dot-Operator }{<=}6, which is contradictory to what is observed. The absence of helium shell flashes is due to the weak temperature dependence of the revised triple-{alpha} reaction cross section at the temperature involved. In our models, it is suggested that the temperature dependence of the cross section should have at least {nu} > 10 at T = 1-1.2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 8}K where the cross section is proportional to T{sup {nu}}. We also derive the helium ignition curve to estimate the maximum cross section to retain the low-mass first red giants. The semi-analytically derived ignition curves suggest that the reaction rate should be less than {approx} 10{sup -29} cm{sup 6} s{sup -1} mole{sup -2} at Almost-Equal-To 10{sup 7.8} K, which corresponds to about three orders of magnitude larger than that of the NACRE compilation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Triple-alpha reaction rate studied with the Faddeev three-body formalism

The triple-alpha (3{alpha}) reaction, {sup 4}He+{sup 4}He+{sup 4}He{yields}{sup 12}C+{gamma}, which plays a significant role in the stellar evolution scenarios, is studied in terms of a three-alpha (3-{alpha}) model. The reaction rate of the process is calculated via an inverse process, 3-{alpha} photodisintegration of a {sup 12}C nucleus. Both of 3-{alpha} bound and-continuum states are calculated by a Faddeev method with accommodating the long range Coulomb interaction. With being adjusted to the empirical E2-strength for {sup 12}C(0{sub 2}{sup +}){yields}{sup 12}C(2{sub 1}{sup +}) transition, results of the 3{alpha} reaction rate <{alpha}{alpha}{alpha}> at higher temperature (T > 10{sup 8} K), where the reaction proceeds mainly through the {sup 8}Be and {sup 12}C(0{sub 2}{sup +}) resonant states, almost agree with those of the Nuclear Astrophysics Compilation of Reaction Rates (NACRE). On the other hand, calculated values of <{alpha}{alpha}{alpha}> are about 10{sup 3} times larger than the NACRE rate at a low temperature (T= 10{sup 7} K), which means our results are remarkably smaller than recent CDCC results.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear vertex constants for the virtual decay {sup 7}Be {yields} {sup 3}He + {sup 4}He of the 7Be bound states from a phase-shift analysis in the effective-range theory

The phase-shift-analysis data for the {sup 3}He{sup 4}He scattering are analyzed using the effective-range theory, with the Coulomb interaction taken into account. We find both the renormalized nuclear vertex constants for the vertex {sup 7}Be {yields} {sup 3}He + {sup 4}He in the ground (3/2{sup -}) and in the first excited (1/2{sup -}) bound states of {sup 7}Be, and the corresponding asymptotic normalization constants of the radial wave functions in these states. The results obtained can be used in an astrophysical S-factor calculation for radiative capture reaction {sup 4}He({sup 3}He, {gamma}){sup 7}Be.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Investigation of the reaction {sup 4}He(γ, pn)d at energies below the meson-production threshold

The momentum distributions of deuterons and nucleons from the reaction {sup 4}He(γ, pn)d induced by bremsstrahlung photons whose spectrum extends up to the endpoint energy of 150 MeV were measured by means of a diffusion chamber placed in a magnetic field. These measurements were performed in four photon-energy intervals for deuterons and in the energy range between 100 and 150 MeV for nucleons. Angular and energy correlations of nucleons were measured at photon energies in the interval between 50 and 70 MeV. The results obtained in this way were analyzed on the basis of the quasideuteron model. The probability for final-state nucleon–deuteron interaction was estimated.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗