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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

High Energy & High Luminosity $\gamma \gamma$ Colliders

With the best of modern standard lasers, high-energy $\gamma\gamma$ colliders from electron beams of E larger than 250 GeV are possible at the expense of photon luminosity, i.e. 10 times lower than for photon colliders at c.m. energies below 0.5 TeV. This Snowmass21 Contributed Paper shows how Free Electron Lasers (FEL) pave the way for High Energy & High Luminosity $\gamma\gamma$ colliders. We present and assess a conceptual design study of the Free Electron Laser that would be required for high luminosity $\gamma\gamma$ colliders as second interaction region of 0.5 TeV to 10 TeV c.m. $e^+e^-$ colliders.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mitochondrial Effects in the Liver of C57BL/6 Mice by Low Dose, High Energy, High Charge Irradiation

Galactic cosmic rays are primarily composed of protons (85%), helium (14%), and high charge/high energy ions (HZEs) such as 56 Fe, 28 Si, and 16 O. HZE exposure is a major risk factor for astronauts during deep-space travel due to the possibility of HZE-induced cancer. A systems biology integrated omics approach encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and functional biochemical assays was used to identify microenvironmental changes induced by HZE exposure. C57BL/6 mice were placed into six treatment groups and received the following irradiation treatments: 600 MeV/n 56 Fe (0.2 Gy), 1 GeV/n 16 O (0.2 Gy), 350 MeV/n 28 Si (0.2 Gy), 137 Cs (1.0 Gy) gamma rays, 137 Cs (3.0 Gy) gamma rays, and sham irradiation. Left liver lobes were collected at 30, 60, 120, 270, and 360 days post-irradiation. Analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data utilizing ingenuity pathway analysis identified multiple pathways involved in mitochondrial function that were altered after HZE irradiation. Lipids also exhibited changes that were linked to mitochondrial function. Molecular assays for mitochondrial Complex I activity showed significant decreases in activity after HZE exposure. HZE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction suggests an increased risk for deep space travel. Microenvironmental and pathway analysis as performed in this research identified possible targets for countermeasures to mitigate risk.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1990

High energy, high resolution X-ray optics

The scientific goals of X-ray astronomy are considered to evaluate the relative advantages of using classical Wolter-1 optics or using a different approach. The portion of the X-ray band over 10 keV is unexploited in the present X-ray optics technology, and focussing in this portion of the band is crucial because nonfocussed experiments are background limited. The basic design of 'hard' X-ray optics is described theoretically emphasizing the very small angles of incidence in the grazing-incidence optics. Optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio is found to occur at a finite angular resolution. In real applications, the effective area reduced by the efficiency of the two reflections is 80 percent at energies up to 40 keV, and the quality of the reflecting surface can be monitored to minimize scattering. Focussing optics are found to offer improvements in signal-to-noise as well as more effective scientific return because microelectronic focal-plane technology is employed.

Weisskopf, Martin C.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Thermal stress-induced depolarization compensation in wide-bandwidth, high-energy, high-repetition-rate multi-slab laser amplifiers

We present an innovative design for a two-head, gas-cooled multi-slab high-energy, high-repetition-rate amplifier aimed at mitigating thermally induced depolarization in a wide-bandwidth neodymium-doped glass gain medium. This architecture employs two quartz rotators (QRs) with opposite-handedness, strategically positioned within each multi-slab amplifier head, to enhance depolarization compensation. Theoretical modeling of this amplifier configuration demonstrates a 20× reduction in depolarization losses for a 70 mm beam operating at the central wavelength, compared to conventional approaches that utilize a single QR positioned between the amplifier heads. In addition, for a wide bandwidth source, the integration of QRs with opposite-handedness yields a 9× improvement in depolarization losses at the spectral extremes compared to the use of two QRs exhibiting the same optical handedness in both amplifier heads.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Gradient Design for High–Energy and High–Power Batteries

Charge transport is a key process that dominates battery performance, and the microstructures of the cathode, anode, and electrolyte play a central role in guiding ion and/or electron transport inside the battery. Rational design of key battery components with varying microstructure along the charge-transport direction to realize optimal local charge-transport dynamics can compensate for reaction polarization, which accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics. Here, the principles of charge-transport mechanisms and their decisive role in battery performance are presented, followed by a discussion of the correlation between charge-transport regulation and battery microstructure design. The design strategies of the gradient cathodes, lithium-metal anodes, and solid-state electrolytes are summarized. Further, future directions and perspectives of gradient design are provided at the end to enable practically accessible high-energy and high-power-density batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

High-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos: A Snowmass white paper

Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. Here in this white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1985

Detection threshold energy of high energy cascade showers using thermoluminescence PTFE-sheet and hot-gas reader

A new thermoluminescence (TL) sheet was developed as a detector for high energy components in air showers. For the investigation of detection threshold energy for a cascade showeer, TL sheets were exposed at Mt. Fuji with X ray films in emulsion chambers and were scanned by a hot-gas reader. It is concluded that if a gamma ray whose energy is more than 6 TeV enters vertically into lead chambers, the resulting cascade shower is readily detectable at maximum development.

Kino, S.↗
NASA NTRS1969

High-energy, high-power, long-life battery

High-energy-density primary battery achieves energy densities of up to 130 watt hrs./lb. The electrochemical couple consists of a lithium anode, a copper-fluoride cathode, and uses methyl formate/lithium hexafluoroarsenate for the electrolyte. Once achieved, battery life is approximately 30 hours.

Abens, S. G.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Capacitor for High Energy and High Power Application

Si-based Li-ion capacitor has been developed and demonstrated. The results show it is feasible to improve both power density and energy density in this configuration. The applied current density impacts the power and energy density: low current favors energy density while high current favors power density. Active carbon has a better rate capability than Si. Next StepsFuture Directions. Si electrode needs to be further studied and improved. Further optimization of SiAC ratio and evaluation of its impact on energy density and power density.

Wu, James J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-Energy, High-Power Sodium-Ion Batteries from a Layered Organic Cathode

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) attract significant attention due to their potential as an alternative energy storage solution, yet challenges persist due to the limited energy density of existing cathode materials. In principle, redox-active organic materials can tackle this challenge because of their high theoretical energy densities. However, electrode-level energy densities of organic electrodes are compromised due to their poor electron/ion transport and severe dissolution. Here, we report the use of a low-bandgap, conductive, and highly insoluble layered metal-free cathode material for SIBs. It exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 355 mAh g –1 per formula unit, enabled by a four-electron redox process, and achieves an electrode-level energy density of 606 Wh kg –1 electrode (90 wt % active material) along with excellent cycling stability. It allows for facile two-dimensional Na+ diffusion, which enables a high intrinsic rate capability. Growth of the active cathode material in the presence of as little as 2 wt % carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes improves charge transport and charge transfer kinetics and further enhances the power performance. Altogether, these allow the construction of SIB cells built from an affordable, sustainable organic small molecule, which provide a cathode energy density of 472 Wh kg –1 electrode when charging/discharging in 90 s and a top specific power of 31.6 kW kg –1 electrode .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗