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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Sample data effects of high-pass filters

Four mathematical models of linear first and second order high pass washout filters were analyzed. These models were Euler's Integration, Zero-Order Hold, Bilinear Transformation, and Second-Order Adams-Bashforth Integration. Bode responses for each model at various sample rates were compared to the continuous filter response. Higher sample rates produced Bode responses approaching the continuous response and the Bilinear Transformation model produced the best responses over the frequency spectrum and sample rates. Pole location analysis of each model in the z-plane showed the Bilinear Transformation and Zero-Order Hold models gave stable poles regardless of time step size, whereas the other models did not display stable poles. A near constant gain error over the entire frequency spectrum was discovered in the Zero-Order Hold cases and a correction gain was calculated for the first-order high-pass filter case.

Chin, D. O.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Making High-Pass Filters For Submillimeter Waves

Micromachining-and-electroforming process makes rigid metal meshes with cells ranging in size from 0.002 in. to 0.05 in. square. Series of steps involving cutting, grinding, vapor deposition, and electroforming creates self-supporting, electrically thick mesh. Width of holes typically 1.2 times cutoff wavelength of dominant waveguide mode in hole. To obtain sharp frequency-cutoff characteristic, thickness of mesh made greater than one-half of guide wavelength of mode in hole. Meshes used as high-pass filters (dichroic plates) for submillimeter electromagnetic waves. Process not limited to square silicon wafers. Round wafers also used, with slightly more complication in grinding periphery. Grid in any pattern produced in electroforming mandrel. Any platable metal or alloy used for mesh.

Siegel, Peter H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Electronic high pass filter

Ultra accurate filter is used with static type pressure transducers where it is desirable to extract low frequency dynamic signals from combined static and dynamic signal. System can be calibrated at any time with dc voltages.

Peterson, V. S.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Wavelet-Based Grid Generation

Wavelets can provide a basis set in which the basis functions are constructed by dilating and translating a fixed function known as the mother wavelet. The mother wavelet can be seen as a high pass filter in the frequency domain. The process of dilating and expanding this high-pass filter can be seen as altering the frequency range that is 'passed' or detected. The process of translation moves this high-pass filter throughout the domain, thereby providing a mechanism to detect the frequencies or scales of information at every location. This is exactly the type of information that is needed for effective grid generation. This paper provides motivation to use wavelets for grid generation in addition to providing the final product: source code for wavelet-based grid generation.

HIGH PASS FILTERS↗
NASA NTRS2004

Low-Cutoff, High-Pass Digital Filtering of Neural Signals

The figure depicts the major functional blocks of a system, now undergoing development, for conditioning neural signals acquired by electrodes implanted in a brain. The overall functions to be performed by this system can be summarized as preamplification, multiplexing, digitization, and high-pass filtering. Other systems under development for recording neural signals typically contain resistor-capacitor analog low-pass filters characterized by cutoff frequencies in the vicinity of 100 Hz. In the application for which this system is being developed, there is a requirement for a cutoff frequency of 5 Hz. Because the resistors needed to obtain such a low cutoff frequency would be impractically large, it was decided to perform low-pass filtering by use of digital rather than analog circuitry. In addition, it was decided to timemultiplex the digitized signals from the multiple input channels into a single stream of data in a single output channel. The signal in each input channel is first processed by a preamplifier having a voltage gain of approximately 50. Embedded in each preamplifier is a low-pass anti-aliasing filter having a cutoff frequency of approximately 10 kHz. The anti-aliasing filters make it possible to couple the outputs of the preamplifiers to the input ports of a multiplexer. The output of the multiplexer is a single stream of time-multiplexed samples of analog signals. This stream is processed by a main differential amplifier, the output of which is sent to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The output of the ADC is sent to a digital signal processor (DSP).

Mojarradi,Mohammad↗
NASA NTRS1979

Filtering technique based on high-frequency plant modeling for high-gain control

This invention was an improvement in aircraft control systems that utilized feedback motion sensors to generate a signal to control the aircraft. The improvement consisted essentially of a complementary filter comprising a simplified model of the aircraft, a high pass filter, a low pass filter and a summing amplifier. The control signal was applied to the simplified model of the aircraft which attempted to compute the vehicle response to the signal. This computed response was then fed into the high pass filter to eliminate long term errors in the calculated response, with the result that a good estimate of the high frequency content of the aircraft motion was obtained. In order to obtain a good estimate of the low frequency content of the motion, a rate gyro signal was fed through the low pass filter that eliminates all of the offending noise.

Niessen, F. R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Mesospheric KHI signatures in reconstructed broadband rocket probe data

In an accepted method of measuring D region electron density with a rocket-borne dc-mode Langmuir probe, the resulting fine-structure signal is modified by a high-pass filter. While this form of data has been successfully used for power spectral analysis, it fails to reveal important spatial domain features without further processing. It is demonstrated that the broadband signal can be recovered by use of a digital filter that corrects for the on-board high-pass filter effects. The D-region broadband structure so recovered for a daytime equatorial flight shows variations in electron density consistent with a model of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows, and not consistent with inertial range turbulence. The isolated regions of irregularity are about 100 m thick near an altitude of 75 km, imbedded in a region with a staircase-structure electron density profile with about 200-m steps. Suggestive similarities to a numerical model of KHI are to undersea observations of KHI-caused microstructure are shown.

Parker, Jay W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

An airborne study of boundary layer heat and moisture fluxes for project FIFE

A summary of work accomplished during the first International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment is presented. The Wyoming King Air participated in Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) 3 and 4 in 1987, which were committed to a combination of airborne sensible and latent heat flux measurements and soil moisture mappings, with the University of Kansas' X-band side-looking airborne radar (SLAR). A total of 9 flux missions were flown in 1987 using several different flight designs. A critical decision in the first round of aircraft flux analyses, agreed to by all the flux aircraft investigators, was to pass the aircraft data through a high-pass filter prior to the eddy-correlation flux calculations. Several conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) boundary layer (BL) profiles of heat fluxes were usually linear; (2) high-pass filtering applied to the aircraft data did not add to the disagreement between the profile; (3) undersampling at high frequencies could have accounted for as much as a 15 percent underestimate of surface fluxes; (4) disagreement between the aircraft and surface latent heat fluxes changed signs between summer and fall; (5) magnitude and sign of disagreement between aircraft and surface heat fluxes varied systematically with BL depth or height of aircraft profile; and (6) Bowen ratios from both detrended and filtered aircraft data agreed with surface values better for moist, summer cases than for dry cases.

Kelly, Robert D.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Coaxial charged particle energy analyzer

A non-dispersive electrostatic energy analyzer for electrons and other charged particles having a generally coaxial structure of a sequentially arranged sections of an electrostatic lens to focus the beam through an iris and preferably including an ellipsoidally shaped input grid for collimating a wide acceptance beam from a charged-particle source, an electrostatic high-pass filter including a planar exit grid, and an electrostatic low-pass filter. The low-pass filter is configured to reflect low-energy particles back towards a charged particle detector located within the low-pass filter. Each section comprises multiple tubular or conical electrodes arranged about the central axis. The voltages on the lens are scanned to place a selected energy band of the accepted beam at a selected energy at the iris. Voltages on the high-pass and low-pass filters remain substantially fixed during the scan.

Kelly, Michael A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Bathymetry estimates in the southern oceans from Seasat altimetry

A 70-day Seasat altimeter set, where altitude was determined by the delay of a radar signal before return, was high pass filtered to obtain bathymetric data on the southern ocean. Variations were estimated over cross-track passages over the same points, and longer wavelength effects were removed to reveal the shorter wavelength geoid features. Edge effects near land, subtle geoid structure features at continental margins, smaller boundary seas, and lakes were preserved by the high pass filter, which involved substracting a constant height from each 6 x 6 deg square region. A volcanic origin was indicated for the nearly continuous Louisville Ridge, which had a major elongate plateau or positive gravity anomaly located just eastward and running east-west. A large Conrad Ridge was found in the Indian Ocean, compared to previous charts. The Indian Ocean was also found to contain more rises and plateaus than previously mapped.

Dixon, T. H.↗
NASA NTRS1979

On the Performance of the Martin Digital Filter for High- and Low-pass Applications

A nonrecursive numerical filter is described in which the weighting sequence is optimized by minimizing the excursion from the ideal rectangular filter in a least squares sense over the entire domain of normalized frequency. Additional corrections to the weights in order to reduce overshoot oscillations (Gibbs phenomenon) and to insure unity gain at zero frequency for the low pass filter are incorporated. The filter is characterized by a zero phase shift for all frequencies (due to a symmetric weighting sequence), a finite memory and stability, and it may readily be transformed to a high pass filter. Equations for the filter weights and the frequency response function are presented, and applications to high and low pass filtering are examined. A discussion of optimization of high pass filter parameters for a rather stringent response requirement is given in an application to the removal of aircraft low frequency oscillations superimposed on remotely sensed ocean surface profiles. Several frequency response functions are displayed, both in normalized frequency space and in period space. A comparison of the performance of the Martin filter with some other commonly used low pass digital filters is provided in an application to oceanographic data.

Mcclain, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Stimulus and recording variables and their effects on mammalian vestibular evoked potentials

Linear vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs) measure the collective neural activity of the gravity receptor organs in the inner ear that respond to linear acceleration transients. The present study examined the effects of electrode placement, analog filtering, stimulus polarity and stimulus rate on linear VsEP thresholds, latencies and amplitudes recorded from mice. Two electrode-recording montages were evaluated, rostral (forebrain) to 'mastoid' and caudal (cerebellum) to 'mastoid'. VsEP thresholds and peak latencies were identical between the two recording sites; however, peak amplitudes were larger for the caudal recording montage. VsEPs were also affected by filtering. Results suggest optimum high pass filter cutoff at 100-300 Hz, and low pass filter cutoff at 10,000 Hz. To evaluate stimulus rate, linear jerk pulses were presented at 9.2, 16, 25, 40 and 80 Hz. At 80 Hz, mean latencies were longer (0.350-0.450 ms) and mean amplitudes reduced (0.8-1.8 microV) for all response peaks. In 50% of animals, late peaks (P3, N3) disappeared at 80 Hz. The results offer options for VsEP recording protocols. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS2012

Multicolor Detectors for Ultrasensitive Long-Wave Imaging Cameras

A document describes a zeptobolometer for ultrasensitive, long-wavelength sensors. GSFC is developing pixels based on the zeptobolometer design that sense three THz wavelengths simultaneously. Two innovations are described in the document: (1) a quasiparticle (QO) filter arrangement that enables a compact multicolor spectrum at the focal plane, and (2) a THz antenna readout by up to three bolometers. The innovations enable high efficiency by greatly reducing high, frequency-dependent microstrip losses, and pixel compactness by eliminating the need for bulky filters in the focal plane. The zeptobolometer is a small TES bolometer, on the scale of a few microns, which can be readily coupled through an impedance-matching resistor to a metal or dielectric antenna. The bolometer is voltage-biased in its superconducting transition, allowing the use of superconducting RF multiplexers to read out large arrays. The antenna is geometrically tapped at three locations so as to efficiently couple radiation of three distinct wavelengths to the individual TESs. The transition edge hot electrons in metals offer a simple, compact arrangement for antenna readout, which can be crucial in the THz where line losses at high frequencies can be substantial. A metallic grill filter acts as a high-pass filter and directs the low-frequency components to a location where they will be absorbed. The absorption spectrum shows that three well-separated THz bands are feasible. The filters can be made from high-purity dielectrics such as float zone silicon or sapphire.

Brown, Ari↗
NASA NTRS1993

Designing clutter rejection filters with complex coefficients for airborne pulsed Doppler weather radar

Ground clutter interference is a major problem for airborne pulse Doppler radar operating at low altitudes in a look-down mode. With Doppler zero set at the aircraft ground speed, ground clutter rejection filtering is typically accomplished using a high-pass filter with real valued coefficients and a stopband notch centered at zero Doppler. Clutter spectra from the NASA Wind Shear Flight Experiments of l991-1992 show that the dominant clutter mode can be located away from zero Doppler, particularly at short ranges dominated by sidelobe returns. Use of digital notch filters with complex valued coefficients so that the stopband notch can be located at any Doppler frequency is investigated. Several clutter mode tracking algorithms are considered to estimate the Doppler frequency location of the dominant clutter mode. From the examination of night data, when a dominant clutter mode away from zero Doppler is present, complex filtering is able to significantly increase clutter rejection over use of a notch filter centered at zero Doppler.

Jamora, Dennis A.↗