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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Enhance Mission Design and Operations of the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO)

One key aspect in the development of HWO is the early deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance mission science and operations. Our subtask group is part of the HWO AI/ML working group and focuses on AI and ML for mission operations. Our task group seeks to educate other HWO working groups about AI and ML capabilities for mission operations, investigate how to bridge technology gaps, and enable new capabilities particularly in the areas of observational scheduling, instrument health monitoring, and downlink operations. We focus on mission tasking / scheduling both for mission analysis in development and operations. AI and ML for mission scheduling includes: tools to support proposal calls and review, ensuring fairness in calls for proposals, community peer reviews and ease workloads, as well as in-flight and ground software development (e.g., using natural language processing (NLP) to support process automation from requirements). AI and ML for the mission’s development and operations include 1) anomaly detection and prediction (from onboard and ground based tools) to monitor the spacecraft’s health, 2) ground-based automated scheduling for mission operations including long-term and short-term planning and maintenance, and 3) flight system flexible execution (as flight proven for Spitzer and JWST) to enable robust execution despite execution variations, and 4) data analysis for prioritization (e.g., real-time data evaluation leading to autonomous actions and adjustments, high-priority identification, onboard data compression, etc.). Incorporation of ML and AI will enable HWO to address the major science questions related to exoplanet characterization, general astrophysics, and solar system exploration and also extend the boundaries of space mission technologies.

Mark Moussa↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Efficient Mirrorlet Array Based Integral Field Spectrometer for HWO

Habitable World Observatory (HWO) is a NASA strategic mission recommended by 2020 astronomical decadal survey. Integral spectrometers play an important role to verify if the observed exoplanet is habitable. The traditional lenslet array based Integral Field Spectrometer (IFS) has the advantage of simplicity and compactness. However, it does not use detector pixels efficiently in order to prevent wavelength crosstalk among adjacent spectra. The efficient lenslet/mirrorlet IFS combines the advantages from both lenslet based and imager slicer based IFSes—keeping lenslet IFS’s simplicity and compactness, concurrently adding slicer IFS’s detector efficiency. This paper discusses the principle of efficient lenslet/mirrorlet IFS, design philosophy, and efficient spectral trace layout ideals. It uses HWO NIR IFS requirement as an example to provide an efficiency mirrorlet IFS optical design. The high detector efficiency not only reduces Needed detector pixel numbers, but also reduce the high communication rate demanding for much a large multiple instrument mission. The basic idea of the efficient lenslet/mirrorlet array IFS is to design a lenslet/mirrorlet array in such a way that the images from multiple mirrorlets are grouped and aligned as a spectrum from a single slit. Therefore, the number of detector rows used to prevent wavelength crosstalk is no longer needed. This paper is also going to address how to lay the traces on the detector and what is the difference from the traditional lenslet IFS. Our goal is to show that such an IFS is capable to lay all spectral traces onto a 2k x 2k detector array using HWO NIR requirement that has a higher spectral resolving power R = 70 and a large Field of View (FOV) of 96 λ/D.

Exoplanet↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Leveraging the Roman Coronagraph Approach for the HWO Error Budget

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is currently being considered as a future, coronagraph-equipped space telescope that would fulfill the top priority of Astro-2020. The top priority stated is the building of a telescope capable of detecting and characterizing exoplanets with sensitivity down to Earth-like planets. In a coronagraph approach, the methodology for setting up the error budget and performance model can benefit directly from the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (RST) experience. RST’s Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) is a direct precursor to the HWO coronagraph, with performance reaching below 10 −7 in contrast demonstrated in very recent thermal-vac testing, and the possibility that it will perform better with more time on orbit. The RST CGI development benefited significantly from an error budget approach and analytical model focused on the noise incurred in measuring a planet’s flux ratio. In this brief paper we outline the current state of the application of the Roman approach to an HWO flux ratio noise error budget, including reasonable allocations informed by the Roman experience, and recent studies of narrow angle scatter done independently.

Bijan Nemati↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Technological Developments of NexGen Micro-Shutter Array (NGMSA) for the Future Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Flagship Mission

We present the most up to date advancements in production, design, and performance of the NexGen Micro-Shutter Array (NGMSA) for Multi-object Spectroscopy (MOS), intended for the future Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Flagship. A microshutter array functions as a programmable slit mask, to generate slits corresponding to sparsely distributed sources in the field of view of a telescope. In contrast to the magnetic/electrostatic microshutter arrays used in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the NGMSA is fully operated by electrostatics, simplifying overall system. Our small pilot array proved its capability from FORTIS sounding rocket mission in 2019. As we are switching to a larger HWO flight size array process, we encounter multiple processing related issues. Also, there has been individual shutter level issue that impairs operation and performance. We will discuss those problems and strategies to overcome the challenges to achieve an on/off contrast of >1e5 with near 100% shutter operability.

Microshutter↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Efficient Mirrorlet Array Based Integral Field Spectrometer (IFS) for HWO

Habitable World Observatory (HWO) is a NASA strategic mission recommended by 2020 astronomical decadal survey. Integral field spectrometers play an important role to verify if the observed exoplanet is habitable. The traditional lenslet array based IFS has the advantage of simplicity and compactness. However, it does not use detector pixels efficiently in order to prevent wavelength crosstalk among adjacent spectra. The efficient lenslet/mirrorlet IFS combines the advantages from both lenslet based and imager slicer based IFSes—keeping lenslet IFS’s simplicity and compactness, and adding slicer IFS’s detector efficiency. This paper discusses the principle of efficient lenslet/mirrorlet IFS, design philosophy, and efficient spectral trace layout ideals. It uses HWO NIR IFS requirement as an example to provide an efficiency mirrorlet IFS optical design. The high detector efficiency not only reduces needed detector pixel numbers, but also reduces the high communication rate demanding for such a large multiple instrument mission.

Qian Gong↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

HWO TMPO Status

Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) Technology Maturation Project Office (TMPO) Status

HAB↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

HWO Technology Roadmapping - High Sensitivity UV and Visible Band Technologies for Instrumentation

We report on ongoing efforts by the HWO Project Office at NASA Goddard to define technology development roadmaps for a variety of technologies relevant to the astrophysics instruments on the mission. We have been soliciting input from a variety of subject matter experts (SMEs) to define the necessary development paths to achieve a TRL of 5 by 2029, the necessary cost and investment, and the schedule over which the work can be achieved. This planning is directed by the performance requirements coming out of the START science working group studies and will enable the Project Office to define the Observatory Technology Maturation Plan by Summer 2025.

Paul Scowen↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

HWO Technology Development

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Habitable Worlds Observatory↗