Archaic Hemorheology. the Early Historical Significance of Blood Sedimentation
Archaic hemorheology and historical significance of blood sedimentation
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Archaic hemorheology and historical significance of blood sedimentation
Quantitative observations and theoretical evaluation of hemorheology
Hemorheological studies of spider-shaped arterial branching in human skin
Thrombodynamic property of clot, specific hemorheological property studied by thromboelastograph, blood platelets, fibrin, plasma, and serum
Hemorheologic disturbance of fat embolism after trauma
Kinetics and correlation of clot retraction with clotting process
Changes were expressed in reduction in number of true capillaries, the appearance of nonfunctioning empty vessels and in the opening of the arteriolo-venular shunts. Changes in the acid-base balance in the direction of reduction of buffer blood content were also noted.
For the last 3 decades evidence has been accumulating that some types of mammalian cells respond to their mechanically active environment by altering their morphology, growth rate, and metabolism. The study of such responses is very important in understanding, physiological and pathological conditions ranging from bone formation to atherosclerosis. Obtaining this knowledge has been the goal for an active research area in bioengineering termed cell mechanotransduction. The advancement of optical methodologies used in cell biology research has given the tools to elucidate cellular mechanisms that would otherwise be impossible to visualize. Combined with molecular biology techniques, they give engineers invaluable tools in understanding the chemical pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Herein we briefly review the current knowledge on mechanical signal transduction in mammalian cells, focusing on the application of novel optical techniques in the ongoing research.
No abstract available
Endothelial cells are subjected to various mechanical forces in vivo from the flow of blood across the luminal surface of the blood vessel. The purpose of this review was to examine the data available on how these mechanical forces, in particular cyclic strain, affect the expression and regulation of endothelial cell function. Studies from various investigators using models of cyclic strain in vitro have shown that various vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin are induced by the effect of mechanical deformation, and that the expression of these mediators may be regulated at the transcription level by mechanical forces. There also seems to be emerging evidence that endothelial cells may also act as mechanotransducers, whereby the transmission of external forces induces various cytoskeletal changes and second messenger cascades. Furthermore, it seems these forces may act on specific response elements of promoter genes.