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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records

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NASA NTRS2013

High Throughput, High Yield Fabrication of High Quantum Efficiency Back-Illuminated Photon Counting, Far UV, UV, and Visible Detector Arrays

In this paper we discuss the high throughput end-to-end post fabrication processing of high performance delta-doped and superlattice-doped silicon imagers for UV, visible, and NIR applications. As an example, we present our results on far ultraviolet and ultraviolet quantum efficiency (QE) in a photon counting, detector array. We have improved the QE by nearly an order of magnitude over microchannel plates (MCPs) that are the state-of-the-art UV detectors for many NASA space missions as well as defense applications. These achievements are made possible by precision interface band engineering of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).

spectroscopy↗

NASA NTRS2014

Delta-Doping at Wafer Level for High Throughput, High Yield Fabrication of Silicon Imaging Arrays

Systems and methods for producing high quantum efficiency silicon devices. A silicon MBE has a preparation chamber that provides for cleaning silicon surfaces using an oxygen plasma to remove impurities and a gaseous (dry) NH3 + NF3 room temperature oxide removal process that leaves the silicon surface hydrogen terminated. Silicon wafers up to 8 inches in diameter have devices that can be fabricated using the cleaning procedures and MBE processing, including delta doping.

Hoenk, Michael E.↗

NASA NTRS2014

Space Link Extension Protocol Emulation for High-Throughput, High-Latency Network Connections

New space missions require higher data rates and new protocols to meet these requirements. These high data rate space communication links push the limitations of not only the space communication links, but of the ground communication networks and protocols which forward user data to remote ground stations (GS) for transmission. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, (CCSDS) Space Link Extension (SLE) standard protocol is one protocol that has been proposed for use by the NASA Space Network (SN) Ground Segment Sustainment (SGSS) program. New protocol implementations must be carefully tested to ensure that they provide the required functionality, especially because of the remote nature of spacecraft. The SLE protocol standard has been tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center's SCENIC Emulation Lab in order to observe its operation under realistic network delay conditions. More specifically, the delay between then NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) and spacecraft has been emulated. The round trip time (RTT) delay for the continental NISN network has been shown to be up to 120ms; as such the SLE protocol was tested with network delays ranging from 0ms to 200ms. Both a base network condition and an SLE connection were tested with these RTT delays, and the reaction of both network tests to the delay conditions were recorded. Throughput for both of these links was set at 1.2Gbps. The results will show that, in the presence of realistic network delay, the SLE link throughput is significantly reduced while the base network throughput however remained at the 1.2Gbps specification. The decrease in SLE throughput has been attributed to the implementation's use of blocking calls. The decrease in throughput is not acceptable for high data rate links, as the link requires constant data a flow in order for spacecraft and ground radios to stay synchronized, unless significant data is queued a the ground station. In cases where queuing the data is not an option, such as during real time transmissions, the SLE implementation cannot support high data rate communication.

Computer Networking↗

NASA NTRS1988

High throughput X-ray optics - An overview

Techniques for the production of high-throughput modular arrays of telescopes with net collecting areas exceeding 10 to the 5th sq cm and 20-arsec angular resolution are discussed. Techniques considered include the automated figuring of flats as parabolic reflectors, the replication of cylindrical shells, the alignment of thin lacquer-coated conical foils, electroforming, and the use of large diamond turning machines. High-throughput programs are described, and it is noted that future missions will emphasize high resolution spectroscopy.

Gorenstein, Paul↗

NASA NTRS2005

Review of high-throughput techniques for detecting solid phase Transformation from material libraries produced by combinatorial methods

High-throughput measurement techniques are reviewed for solid phase transformation from materials produced by combinatorial methods, which are highly efficient concepts to fabricate large variety of material libraries with different compositional gradients on a single wafer. Combinatorial methods hold high potential for reducing the time and costs associated with the development of new materials, as compared to time-consuming and labor-intensive conventional methods that test large batches of material, one- composition at a time. These high-throughput techniques can be automated to rapidly capture and analyze data, using the entire material library on a single wafer, thereby accelerating the pace of materials discovery and knowledge generation for solid phase transformations. The review covers experimental techniques that are applicable to inorganic materials such as shape memory alloys, graded materials, metal hydrides, ferric materials, semiconductors and industrial alloys.

Lee, Jonathan A.↗

NASA NTRS2021

High Throughput Ground-Based Reduced-Gravity Testing

Development of a high-throughput 10-second, variable gravity drop facility would provide NASA with breakthrough capability that will enable important new fundamental research opportunities in both physical sciences and life sciences in addition to providing the ability to support exploration needs for partial gravity testing. This Keystone Capability would establish a new world class capability that would not be easily matched and would dramatically exceed capabilities elsewhere.

David L Urban↗

NASA NTRS2011

FPGA Implementation of Stereo Disparity with High Throughput for Mobility Applications

High speed stereo vision can allow unmanned robotic systems to navigate safely in unstructured terrain, but the computational cost can exceed the capacity of typical embedded CPUs. In this paper, we describe an end-to-end stereo computation co-processing system optimized for fast throughput that has been implemented on a single Virtex 4 LX160 FPGA. This system is capable of operating on images from a 1024 x 768 3CCD (true RGB) camera pair at 15 Hz. Data enters the FPGA directly from the cameras via Camera Link and is rectified, pre-filtered and converted into a disparity image all within the FPGA, incurring no CPU load. Once complete, a rectified image and the final disparity image are read out over the PCI bus, for a bandwidth cost of 68 MB/sec. Within the FPGA there are 4 distinct algorithms: Camera Link capture, Bilinear rectification, Bilateral subtraction pre-filtering and the Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) disparity. Each module will be described in brief along with the data flow and control logic for the system. The system has been successfully fielded upon the Carnegie Mellon University's National Robotics Engineering Center (NREC) Crusher system during extensive field trials in 2007 and 2008 and is being implemented for other surface mobility systems at JPL.

Random access memory↗

NASA NTRS2011

High-Throughput, Adaptive FFT Architecture for FPGA-Based Spaceborne Data Processors

Exponential growth in microelectronics technology such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has enabled high-performance spaceborne instruments with increasing onboard data processing capabilities. As a commonly used digital signal processing (DSP) building block, fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been of great interest in onboard data processing applications, which needs to strike a reasonable balance between high-performance (throughput, block size, etc.) and low resource usage (power, silicon footprint, etc.). It is also desirable to be designed so that a single design can be reused and adapted into instruments with different requirements. The Multi-Pass Wide Kernel FFT (MPWK-FFT) architecture was developed, in which the high-throughput benefits of the parallel FFT structure and the low resource usage of Singleton s single butterfly method is exploited. The result is a wide-kernel, multipass, adaptive FFT architecture. The 32K-point MPWK-FFT architecture includes 32 radix-2 butterflies, 64 FIFOs to store the real inputs, 64 FIFOs to store the imaginary inputs, complex twiddle factor storage, and FIFO logic to route the outputs to the correct FIFO. The inputs are stored in sequential fashion into the FIFOs, and the outputs of each butterfly are sequentially written first into the even FIFO, then the odd FIFO. Because of the order of the outputs written into the FIFOs, the depth of the even FIFOs, which are 768 each, are 1.5 times larger than the odd FIFOs, which are 512 each. The total memory needed for data storage, assuming that each sample is 36 bits, is 2.95 Mbits. The twiddle factors are stored in internal ROM inside the FPGA for fast access time. The total memory size to store the twiddle factors is 589.9Kbits. This FFT structure combines the benefits of high throughput from the parallel FFT kernels and low resource usage from the multi-pass FFT kernels with desired adaptability. Space instrument missions that need onboard FFT capabilities such as the proposed DESDynl, SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography), and Europa sounding radar missions would greatly benefit from this technology with significant reductions in non-recurring cost and risk.

NguyenKobayashi, Kayla↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

High-Throughput Strategies that Encompass Experiments and Machine Learning to Predict the Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Aerospace Alloys

Small Punch Test (SPT) uses a thin disk of material to predict mechanical properties. While SPT has existed for decades, it has been used largely as a qualitative evaluator of mechanical properties. Recent advances in computational modeling have enabled the extraction of uniaxial stress-strain response from the measured SPT load-displacement data. Due to small sample volumes and unidirectional testing, SPT is conducive to high-throughput automation and ideally suited to extract properties from high-cost materials. Aerospace alloys have been of recent interest to the Additive Manufacturing (AM) community due to AM’s unique ability to fabricate complex designs not possible, or extremely arduous, with conventional manufacturing. In this research, SPT, coupled with Materials Informatics and computational modeling, is used to develop relevant Process-Structure-Property relationships to decrease the cost and time of process optimization for AM aerospace alloys, namely Inconel 718, Inconel 625, and Niobium C103.

High-throughput Testing↗

NASA NTRS2012

On-chip polarimetry for high-throughput screening of nanoliter and smaller sample volumes

A polarimetry technique for measuring optical activity that is particularly suited for high throughput screening employs a chip or substrate (22) having one or more microfluidic channels (26) formed therein. A polarized laser beam (14) is directed onto optically active samples that are disposed in the channels. The incident laser beam interacts with the optically active molecules in the sample, which slightly alter the polarization of the laser beam as it passes multiple times through the sample. Interference fringe patterns (28) are generated by the interaction of the laser beam with the sample and the channel walls. A photodetector (34) is positioned to receive the interference fringe patterns and generate an output signal that is input to a computer or other analyzer (38) for analyzing the signal and determining the rotation of plane polarized light by optically active material in the channel from polarization rotation calculations.

Bornhop, Darryl J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Concepts for an optimized Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror module for a high throughput LAMAR facility

Alternative concepts are proposed for the design and fabrication of Kirkpartick-Baez nested crossed plate reflectors applicable to a high throughput, moderate resolution X-ray facility composed of a Large Area Modular Array of Reflectors (LAMAR). Numerical, structural and optical analyses are used to quantify the performance characteristics of the concepts proposed. It is found that the theoretical performance of certain concepts approaches the 0.2-min resolution of a perfect parabola of translation. The instrument under consideration has about 1000 sq cm of effective area, or five times greater area than that of the Einstein Observatory.

Cohen, L. M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

High throughput non-dispersive hard X-ray spectrograph with angular resolution for cosmic bursts, transients, and sources

An instrument concept which offers high throughput nondispersive spectroscopy in the 35-150 keV band for measuring line intensities and widths of faint supernovae is described. The design is based on existing xenon filled, two-dimensional, position sensitive, multiwired proportional counters. Effective detector areas of 1000 sq cm are readily achievable, and expansion to 10,000 sq cm per unit is feasible. Either single-unit or array operation to provide all-sky coverage with one arcmin resolution is possible. The instrument could be used to record gamma ray bursts and would have the capability of distinguishing particle events. Observations could also be made of X ray cyclotron lines and the Ti-44 lines expected to issue from a supernova explosion.

Gorenstein, P.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Development of high throughput X-ray telescopes for X-ray imaging and dispersive spectrometers

During the past year the technical approach to the realization of a high throughput Kirkpatrick-Baez X-ray mirror became better defined in terms of construction methodology and factors which affect maximum size. More progress was made than anticipated in the area of automatic figure formation. However, effort to improve the resolution of float glass by simple techniques were not successful. Mirror development, spectroscopy, all sky telescope, and explorer concept studies are discussed.

Gorenstein, P.↗

NASA NTRS2019

Developing High-Throughput Organ-On-A-Chip Models to Investigate the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Central Nervous System

One of the main health risks in human space exploration is central nervous system (CNS) damage by ionizing radiation. Irradiation with simulated GCRs or their components, or high doses of low-LET radiation such as gamma rays, in animal models has been shown to cause neuronal damage together with glial cell activation and neuroinflammation and has been associated with prolonged cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. The extent of CNS damage in response to any insult, including ionizing radiation, is partially regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which enables immune cells to enter the CNS. The main cellular regulators of BBB permeability are astrocytes, which also modulate neuronal death, immune responses and oxidative stress, and thus could serve as a robust CNS-specific target for countermeasure development. However, studies on BBB permeability and astrocyte functions in regulating CNS responses to ionizing radiation have been limited, especially in human tissue/organ analogs. Therefore, we have established a high throughput 3D organ-on-a-chip system to study human CNS functions in response to ionizing radiation, with the eventual goal of adapting it to spaceflight missions. We utilized commercially available OrganoPlate system (Mimetas, Inc.) seeded with primary or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cells for developing 3D neuronal-astrocytic and BBB models. We investigated both immediate and delayed CNS dose responses to 0.5-1 Gy X-rays by measuring BBB permeability and morphology, and astrocyte activation. We have also quantified secreted markers of oxidative stress and cell viability. In the future, we are planning to monitor dendritic, axonal and synaptic changes in neurons, evaluate the combined exposures to simulated microgravity and ionizing radiation, and compare the responses to low and high-LET ionizing radiation. We anticipate these studies could indicate novel cellular and mechanistic targets for countermeasure developments to improve CNS functions in astronauts.

Malkani, Sherina↗

NASA NTRS2002

An Extensible Schema-less Database Framework for Managing High-throughput Semi-Structured Documents

Object-Relational database management system is an integrated hybrid cooperative approach to combine the best practices of both the relational model utilizing SQL queries and the object oriented, semantic paradigm for supporting complex data creation. In this paper, a highly scalable, information on demand database framework, called NETMARK is introduced. NETMARK takes advantages of the Oracle 8i object-relational database using physical addresses data types for very efficient keyword searches of records for both context and content. NETMARK was originally developed in early 2000 as a research and development prototype to solve the vast amounts of unstructured and semi-structured documents existing within NASA enterprises. Today, NETMARK is a flexible, high throughput open database framework for managing, storing, and searching unstructured or semi structured arbitrary hierarchal models, XML and HTML.

Maluf, David A.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Flight worthy infrared bolometers with high throughput and low NEP

This paper describes the features of flight-worthy IR bolometers that were developed to meet the requirements of the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrometer (FIRAS) and the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on the Cosmic Background Explorer of a short time constant, high throughput, and low noise equivalent power (NEP). The new bolometers use small chips of doped and compensated silicon as sensing elements, and diamond wafers coated with thin layers of Cr and Au as the absorbing substrate. The throughput values for the FIRAS bolometers and for DIRBE are 1.28 sr-sq cm, and 0.21 sr-sq cm, respectively. At 1.6, the time constants range from 3 to 40 ms, and their NEP range from 4 x 10 to the -15th to 1 x 10 to the -14th W/sq rt of Hz.

Serlemitsos, Aristides T.↗

NASA NTRS2003

An Extensible "SCHEMA-LESS" Database Framework for Managing High-Throughput Semi-Structured Documents

Object-Relational database management system is an integrated hybrid cooperative approach to combine the best practices of both the relational model utilizing SQL queries and the object-oriented, semantic paradigm for supporting complex data creation. In this paper, a highly scalable, information on demand database framework, called NETMARK, is introduced. NETMARK takes advantages of the Oracle 8i object-relational database using physical addresses data types for very efficient keyword search of records spanning across both context and content. NETMARK was originally developed in early 2000 as a research and development prototype to solve the vast amounts of unstructured and semistructured documents existing within NASA enterprises. Today, NETMARK is a flexible, high-throughput open database framework for managing, storing, and searching unstructured or semi-structured arbitrary hierarchal models, such as XML and HTML.

Maluf, David A.↗

NASA NTRS2006

A High-Throughput Processor for Flight Control Research Using Small UAVs

There are numerous autopilot systems that are commercially available for small (<100 lbs) UAVs. However, they all share several key disadvantages for conducting aerodynamic research, chief amongst which is the fact that most utilize older, slower, 8- or 16-bit microcontroller technologies. This paper describes the development and testing of a flight control system (FCS) for small UAV s based on a modern, high throughput, embedded processor. In addition, this FCS platform contains user-configurable hardware resources in the form of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that can be used to implement custom, application-specific hardware. This hardware can be used to off-load routine tasks such as sensor data collection, from the FCS processor thereby further increasing the computational throughput of the system.

Klenke, Robert H.↗