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Results for “Hysteresis model”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1997

An Energy-Based Hysteresis Model for Magnetostrictive Transducers

This paper addresses the modeling of hysteresis in magnetostrictive transducers. This is considered in the context of control applications which require an accurate characterization of the relation between input currents and strains output by the transducer. This relation typically exhibits significant nonlinearities and hysteresis due to inherent properties of magnetostrictive materials. The characterization considered here is based upon the Jiles-Atherton mean field model for ferromagnetic hysteresis in combination with a quadratic moment rotation model for magnetostriction. As demonstrated through comparison with experimental data, the magnetization model very adequately quantifies both major and minor loops under various operating conditions. The combined model can then be used to accurately characterize output strains at moderate drive levels. The advantages to this model lie in the small number (six) of required parameters and the flexibility it exhibits in a variety of operating conditions.

Calkins, F. T.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Parameter identification for symmetrical Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis model using Gauss-Newton method

The Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) hysteresis model has been used to describe nonlinear hysteretic behaviors. In this paper, the PI model is first simplified to accommodate the symmetrical behavior of ferromagnetic hysteresis. A parameter identification method is then developed to extract the parameters of the symmetrical PI model from experimental data. Based on the Gauss-Newton method, regularization technique, and line search method, the model parameters can be retrieved efficiently from the measured data. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

Yan, Su↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modeling of Magnetic Properties of Magnetorheological Elastomers Using JA Hysteresis Model

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are composite materials that consist of magnetically permeable particles in a nonmagnetic polymeric matrix. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, a reversible deformation change occurs in the mechanical properties of these materials. Due to their coupled magnetomechanical response, these materials have been found suitable for a range of applications including tunable vibration absorbers, sensors, and actuators. Notably, improvement of such devices are prerequisites to efficient energy conversion systems, hence the need to understand further the MRE technology. The Jiles-Atherton (JA) theory takes into consideration the magneto-coupling experienced by effective domains in a magnetic material. Algorithm based on the theory yields five model parameters; saturation magnetization (M s ), domain density (a), domain coupling (α), loss coefficient (k), and reversibility (c). Using JA theory, model parameters were calculated and linked to the physical attributes of Fe powder and isotropic MRE. The results show that the calculated Ms for the MRE is reasonably related to that of the Fe powder by a factor of the particle's volume fraction used in the MRE. Further, the calculated k, a, and α provided support for the reduced pinning factor, domain density, and increased domain coupling in the MRE due to the changes in the domain structure between the two materials. From the calculated JA parameters, finite-element modeling (FEM) of the MRE hysteresis loop was performed. The analysis showed that the modeled magnetic properties including coercivity, remanence, and coordinates of the hysteresis loop tip vary with geometric position.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Guided search for desired functional responses via Bayesian optimization of generative model: Hysteresis loop shape engineering in ferroelectrics

Advances in theoretical modeling across multiple disciplines have yielded generative models capable of high veracity in predicting macroscopic functional responses of materials emerging as a result of complex non-local interactions. Correspondingly, of interest is the inverse problem of finding the model parameter that will yield desired macroscopic responses, such as stress–strain curves, ferroelectric hysteresis loops, etc. Here, we suggest and implement Gaussian process based methods that allow to effectively sample the degenerate parameter space of a complex non-local model to output regions of parameter space which yield desired functionalities. In this work, we discuss the specific adaptation of the acquisition function and sampling function to make the process efficient and balance the efficient exploration of parameter space for multiple possible minima and exploitation to densely sample the regions of interest where target behaviors are optimized. Additionally, this approach is illustrated via the hysteresis loop engineering in ferroelectric materials but can be adapted to other functionalities and generative models.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1999

A Hysteresis Model for Piezoceramic Materials

This paper addresses the modeling of nonlinear constitutive relations and hysteresis inherent to piezoceramic materials at moderate to high drive levels. Such models are, necessary to realize the, full potential of the materials in high performance control applications, and a necessary prerequisite is the development of techniques which permit control implementation. The approach employed here is based on the qualification of reversible and irreversible domain wall motion in response to applied electric fields. A comparison with experimental data illustrates that because the resulting ODE model is physics-based, it can be employed for both characterization and prediction of polarization levels throughout the range of actuator operation. Finally, the ODE formulation is amenable to inversion which facilitates the development of an inverse compensator for linear control design.

Smith, Ralph C.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Hysteresis Modeling in Magnetostrictive Materials Via Preisach Operators

A phenomenological characterization of hysteresis in magnetostrictive materials is presented. Such hysteresis is due to both the driving magnetic fields and stress relations within the material and is significant throughout, most of the drive range of magnetostrictive transducers. An accurate characterization of the hysteresis and material nonlinearities is necessary, to fully utilize the actuator/sensor capabilities of the magnetostrictive materials. Such a characterization is made here in the context of generalized Preisach operators. This yields a framework amenable to proving the well-posedness of structural models that incorporate the magnetostrictive transducers. It also provides a natural setting in which to develop practical approximation techniques. An example illustrating this framework in the context of a Timoshenko beam model is presented.

Smith, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A magnetic hysteresis model

The Passive Aerodynamically Stabilized Magnetically Damped Satellite (PAMS) will be deployed from the Space Shuttle and used as a target for a Shuttle-mounted laser. It will be a cylindrical satellite with several corner cube reflectors on the ends. The center of mass of the cylinder will be near one end, and aerodynamic torques will tend to align the axis of the cylinder with the spacecraft velocity vector. Magnetic hysteresis rods will be used to provide passive despin and oscillation-damping torques on the cylinder. The behavior of the hysteresis rods depends critically on the 'B/H' curves for the combination of materials and rod length-to-diameter ratio ('l-over-d'). These curves are qualitatively described in most Physics textbooks in terms of major and minor 'hysteresis loops'. Mathematical modeling of the functional relationship between B and H is very difficult. In this paper, the physics involved is not addressed, but an algorithm is developed which provides a close approximation to empirically determined data with a few simple equations suitable for use in computer simulations.

Flatley, Thomas W.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enhancement of phase change material hysteresis model: A case study of modeling building envelope in EnergyPlus

Nowadays, buildings are expected to offer demand side services to the power grid to enhance the electrical load flexibility, which leads to the concepts of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs). Phase change material (PCM)-based thermal energy storage has seen increasing attention in recent years for peak load shifting of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs). Numerical models are critical tools for design and evaluation of PCM-integrated systems. Most industrial-grade PCMs are reported to melt/freeze over a temperature range instead of at a unique temperature. Such thermal hysteresis effect significantly affects the reliability of simulation results because not only the heat transfer process depends on melting and freezing temperatures, the PCM thermal properties change significantly during the phase change process as well. This study is aimed to develop a model for the PCMs used in the building envelope with the capability to accurately simulate hysteretic behaviors. Further, this model is based on a two-phase assumption and is implemented in a whole building energy performance simulation program (i.e., EnergyPlus). A comparison between numerical results and experimental data shows that during a complete phase transition, the two-phase model could achieve a good agreement with the experimental data. During a partial phase transition, the two-phase model could lead to significant improvements compared to other alternative PCM models, including the existing PCM model in EnergyPlus. Last, whole building simulations were performed to study this model's performance regarding heating/cooling loads and zone mean air temperature of a given building. The results show that the difference in hourly heating/cooling loads introduced by the models was less than 1% in design conditions, while significant changes were observed in both hourly heating/cooling loads and zone mean air temperature when the PCM envelope underwent partial phase transition processes.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS2005

Efficient Computational Model of Hysteresis

A recently developed mathematical model of the output (displacement) versus the input (applied voltage) of a piezoelectric transducer accounts for hysteresis. For the sake of computational speed, the model is kept simple by neglecting the dynamic behavior of the transducer. Hence, the model applies to static and quasistatic displacements only. A piezoelectric transducer of the type to which the model applies is used as an actuator in a computer-based control system to effect fine position adjustments. Because the response time of the rest of such a system is usually much greater than that of a piezoelectric transducer, the model remains an acceptably close approximation for the purpose of control computations, even though the dynamics are neglected. The model (see Figure 1) represents an electrically parallel, mechanically series combination of backlash elements, each having a unique deadband width and output gain. The zeroth element in the parallel combination has zero deadband width and, hence, represents a linear component of the input/output relationship. The other elements, which have nonzero deadband widths, are used to model the nonlinear components of the hysteresis loop. The deadband widths and output gains of the elements are computed from experimental displacement-versus-voltage data. The hysteresis curve calculated by use of this model is piecewise linear beyond deadband limits.

Shields, Joel↗
NASA NTRS2006

Development of a Numerical Model for High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

A thermomechanical hysteresis model for a high-temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) actuator material is presented. The model is capable of predicting strain output of a tensile-loaded HTSMA when excited by arbitrary temperature-stress inputs for the purpose of actuator and controls design. Common quasi-static generalized Preisach hysteresis models available in the literature require large sets of experimental data for model identification at a particular operating point, and substantially more data for multiple operating points. The novel algorithm introduced here proposes an alternate approach to Preisach methods that is better suited for research-stage alloys, such as recently-developed HTSMAs, for which a complete database is not yet available. A detailed description of the minor loop hysteresis model is presented in this paper, as well as a methodology for determination of model parameters. The model is then qualitatively evaluated with respect to well-established Preisach properties and against a set of low-temperature cycled loading data using a modified form of the one-dimensional Brinson constitutive equation. The computationally efficient algorithm demonstrates adherence to Preisach properties and excellent agreement to the validation data set.

DeCastro, Jonathan A.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Investigation Of Prandtl-Ishlinskii Hysteresis Compensation for Deep Space Optical Communications Pointing Control

This paper studies the simulated performance of the Deep Space Optical Communication (DSOC) laser downlink pointing control system that has a pointing requirement at the sub-microradian scale. To achieve the required pointing precision, the DSOC Flight Laser Transceiver (FLT) point-ahead mirror (PAM) employs piezoelectric actuators, which are widely used in precision applications due to their high motion resolution, rapid response, and high output forces. However, a piezoelectric actuator's performance is often limited by nonlinearities in their response, most significantly hysteresis. To study the effect of hysteresis on our simulated pointing performance, an invertible hysteresis model is developed using the Classical Prantdl-Ishlinskii (CPI) method. The simulation includes models of DSOC hardware and electronic system components based on key parameters (bias, frequency response, noise), with the hysteresis modeled in the PAM piezo actuator dynamics. A Proportional-Integral controller provides feedback with measurements from two potential sources: strain gauge sensors or a photon-counting camera. To compensate for hysteresis behavior, a feedforward inverse CPI hysteresis model is implemented in the control system. Two CPI models are built using different sampling methods (uniform sampling and cosine spacing) and controller performance is compared. For the maximum command range of ±400 μrad at 1 mHz, results show that the feedforward combined with feedback control reduces output tracking error by 50% or 58% (to 0.20 or 0.38 μrad) compared to feedback control alone (from 0.40 or 0.90 μrad), corresponding to the uniform-sampled and cosine-sampled CPI models, respectively.

Marinello, Lindsey A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Interactions Enhance Ramp Reversal Memory in Locally Phase Separated Materials

The ramp-reversal memory (RRM) effect in metal–insulator transition metal oxides (TMOs), a non-volatile resistance change induced by repeated temperature cycling, has attracted considerable interest in neuromorphic computing and non-volatile memory devices. Our previous defect motion model successfully explained RRM in vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ), capturing observed critical temperature shifts and memory accumulation throughout the sample. However, this approach lacked interactions between metallic and insulating domains. Here, we extend our model by combining a correlated Random Field Ising Model with defect diffusion-segregation, enabling accurate hysteresis modeling while predicting the relationship between RRM and domain interactions. Our simulations demonstrate that the maximum RRM occurs when the turnaround temperature approaches the inflection point. This peak in RRM vs. turnaround temperature is consistent with prior transport measurements, as well as our own optical measurements reported here. Significantly, we find that increasing nearest-neighbor interactions enhances the maximum memory effect, thus providing a clear mechanism for optimizing RRM performance. Since our model employs minimal assumptions, we predict that RRM should be a widespread phenomenon in materials exhibiting patterned phase coexistence of electronic domains. This work not only advances fundamental understanding of memory behavior in TMOs but also establishes a much-needed theoretical framework for optimizing device applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Parameterization of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model of magnetic hysteresis

The Stoner-Wohlfarth (SW) is the most used model of magnetic hysteresis, but its computation is time-consuming. We approximate piecewise this model by easy-to-compute analytic functions. Overall, our parametrization is suitable for fast quantitative evaluations and fitting experimental data, which we exemplify. Applicability of this parametrization is as broad as that of the SW model, which can be extended to include more parameters.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1997

Modeling Piezoelectric Stack Actuators for Control of Micromanipulation

A nonlinear lumped-parameter model of a piezoelectric stack actuator has been developed to describe actuator behavior for purposes of control system analysis and design, and, in particular, for microrobotic applications requiring accurate position and/or force control. In formulating this model, the authors propose a generalized Maxwell resistive capacitor as a lumped-parameter causal representation of rate-independent hysteresis. Model formulation is validated by comparing results of numerical simulations to experimental data. Validation is followed by a discussion of model implications for purposes of actuator control.

Goldfarb, Michael↗
NASA NTRS1996

Behavioral Implications of Piezoelectric Stack Actuators for Control of Micromanipulation

A lumped-parameter model of a piezoelectric stack actuator has been developed to describe actuator behavior for purposes of control system analysis and design, and in particular for microrobotic applications requiring accurate position and/or force control. In addition to describing the input-output dynamic behavior, the proposed model explains aspects of non-intuitive behavioral phenomena evinced by piezoelectric actuators, such as the input-output rate-independent hysteresis and the change in mechanical stiffness that results from altering electrical load. The authors incorporate a generalized Maxwell resistive capacitor as a lumped-parameter causal representation of rate-independent hysteresis. Model formulation is validated by comparing results of numerical simulations to experimental data.

Goldfarb, Michael↗
NASA NTRS2020

Application of Quasi-Static Modal Analysis to an Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle Test

Bolted structural joints often exhibit load-dependent stiffness and energy dissipation that leads to nonlinear, amplitude dependent frequency and damping in the structure. As an alternative to direct integration of the nonlinear equations of motion, quasi-static modal analysis (QSMA) determines the dependence of frequency and damping on response amplitude using loading behavior from nonlinear static analyses. QSMA has previously been demonstrated to substantially reduce computational cost and maintain accuracy relative to full nonlinear dynamic simulation. This work explores the applicability of QSMA to a complex, large-scale aerospace structure. QSMA is employed to analyze a nonlinear model of test hardware developed to support the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle program, which exhibited nonlinear behavior during dynamic testing at flight-like load levels. In addition to the extraction of amplitude-dependent frequency and damping curves, a Bouc-Wen hysteresis model was used in conjunction with the quasi-static results to develop nonlinear, uncoupled, time-domain modal equations of motion for the structure. Excellent agreement was observed between the reduced and full-order nonlinear models, encouraging future employment of QSMA to support accurate and efficient model reduction of structures with bolted joint nonlinearities.

QSMA↗
NASA NTRS1985

Nonlinear global stability analysis of compressor stall phenomena

Compressor stall phenomena are analyzed from the point of view of nonlinear control theory, based on bifurcation-catastrophe techniques. This new approach appears promising and offers insight into such well-known compressor instability problems as surge and rotating stall and suggests strategies for recovery. Three interlocking dynamic nonlinear state space models are developed. It is shown that the problem of rotating stall can be viewed as an induced bifurcation of solution of the unstalled model. Hysteresis effects are shown to exist in the stall/recovery process. Surge cycles are observed for some critical parameter values. The oscillatory behavior is seen to be due to development of limit cycles, generated by Hopf bifurcation of solutions. More specifically, it is observed that at certain critical values of parameters, a family of stable limit cycles with growning and then diminishing amplitudes is generated, then giving rise to an unstable family of limit cycles. This unstable family in turn bifurcates into other unstable families. To further illustrate the utility of the methodology, some partial computation of domains is carried out, and parameter sensitivity analysis is performed.

Razavi, H.↗