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Ion acoustic waves produced during the Trigger experiment are compared to ion acoustic waves observed in the solar wind. After normalizing to the Debye length the spectra are nearly identical, although the ionospheric wave relative energy density is 100 times larger than the solar wind case.
Nonlinear ion acoustic wave evolution in Vlasov plasma to prove large amplitude compressive pulses steepen and develop discontinuities
The ion acoustic turbulence in the turbulent-heating experiment reported is excited by the ion-ion beam instability. Graphs are presented, showing the spatial evolution of the parallel ion beam energy and the spatial evolution of the ion acoustic turbulent wave spectrum. The observed characteristics of test waves in a turbulent beam-plasma imply that wave saturation is a dynamic balance between the emission of waves by the beam and the destruction or damping of wave coherence by the turbulent diffusion of particle orbits.
The nonlinear amplitude modulation of ion acoustic wave is studied in the presence of warm ions in unmagnetized electron-positron-ion plasmas. The Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method is used to derive the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The dispersive and nonlinear coefficients are obtained which depends on the ion temperature and positron density in electron-positron-ion plasmas. The modulationally stable and unstable regions are studied numerically for a wide range of wave number. It is found that both ion temperature and positron density play a significant role in the formation of bright and dark envelope solitons in electron-positron-ion plasmas.
Nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic waves is investigated in a one-dimensional, unmagnetized plasma consisting of positive ions, negative ions, and nonthermal electrons featuring Tsallis distribution that is penetrated by a negative-ion-beam. The classical Gardner equation is derived to describe nonlinear behavior of ion-acoustic waves in the considered plasma system via reductive perturbation technique. We convert the classical Gardner equation into the time-fractional Gardner equation by Agrawal's method, where the time-fractional term is under the sense of Riesz fractional derivative. Employing variational iteration method, we construct solitary wave solutions of the time-fractional Gardner equation with initial condition which depends on the nonlinear and dispersion coefficients. The effect of the plasma parameters on the compressive and rarefactive ion-acoustic solitary waves is also discussed in detail.
Bunched ion bursts amplitude modulation effects on nonlinear ion acoustic waves in grid plasma system
Experiments demonstrate the amplification of 351 nm laser light in a hot dense plasma similar to those in inertial confinement fusion ignition experiments. A seed beam interacts with one or two counter-propagating pump beams, each with an intensity of 1.2x10{sup 15} W/cm{sup 2} at 351 nm, crossing the seed at 24.8 deg. at the position where the flow is Mach 1, allowing resonant stimulation of ion acoustic waves. Results show that the energy and power transferred to the seed are increased with two pumps beyond the level that occurs with a single pump, demonstrating that, under conditions similar to ignition experiments where each beam has a low gain exponent, the total scatter produced by the multiple beams can be significantly larger than that of the individual beams. It is further demonstrated that the amplification is greatly reduced when the pump polarization is orthogonal to the seed, as expected from models of stimulated scatter.
The Landau damping rates of ion acoustic wave are studied by using Vlasov-Poisson model for unmagnetized Lorentzian or kappa distributed plasma containing electrons, positively and negatively charged ions. It is found that the damping rate of ion acoustic wave is increased with the decrease of kappa (i.e., the spectral index of Lorentzian distribution) value. The damping rates of the electrostatic wave in multi-ion component plasmas are discussed in detail which depends on electron to ion temperature ratio and ions masses and density ratios. The numerical results are also shown by choosing some typical experimental parameters of multi-ion plasmas.
Ion acoustic waves in a homogeneous quantum plasma, comprising of positive, negative ions, and electrons, have been investigated via the Korteweg-de Vries equation. The positive and negative ions are taken inertial and electrons are taken as inertialess. It is determined that the dispersive property of quantum plasma is strongly related to the quantum diffraction parameter. The quantum diffraction parameter (H{sub e}), ion mass ratio (m), and negative ion temperature ratio ({beta}) blatantly influence the propagation and type (compressive/rarefactive) of nonlinear ion acoustic solitary wave. It is noticed that soliton amplitude follows a dual trend at higher and lower concentrations of negative ions. The theoretical calculations presented are applicable to analyze the propagation of ion acoustic waves in a quantum electron-ion plasma containing negative ions in addition.
The dynamic behavior of ion acoustic waves in electron-positron-ion magnetoplasmas with superthermal electrons and positrons has been investigated in the framework of perturbed and non-perturbed Kadomtsev-Petviashili (KP) equations. Applying the reductive perturbation technique, we have derived the KP equation in electron-positron-ion magnetoplasma with kappa distributed electrons and positrons. Bifurcations of ion acoustic traveling waves of the KP equation are presented. Using the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems, the existence of the solitary wave solutions and the periodic traveling wave solutions has been established. Two exact solutions of these waves have been derived depending on the system parameters. Then, using the Hirota's direct method, we have obtained two-soliton and three-soliton solutions of the KP equation. The effect of the spectral index κ on propagations of the two-soliton and the three-soliton has been shown. Considering an external periodic perturbation, we have presented the quasi periodic behavior of ion acoustic waves in electron-positron-ion magnetoplasmas.
Dispersion of ion-acoustic waves in quiescent rare gas discharge plasmas, discussing model simulating ion waves generated by finite sine wave bursts
Linear and nonlinear coupled electrostatic drift and ion acoustic waves are studied in inhomogeneous, collisional pair ion-electron plasma. The Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) equation for a medium where both dispersion and dissipation are present is derived. An attempt is made to obtain exact solution of KdVB equation by using modified tanh-coth method for arbitrary velocity of nonlinear drift wave. Another exact solution for KdVB is obtained, which gives a structure of shock wave. Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and Burgers equations are derived in limiting cases with solitary and monotonic shock solutions, respectively. Effects of species density, magnetic field, obliqueness, and the acoustic to drift velocity ratio on the solitary and shock solutions are investigated. The results discussed are useful in understanding of low frequency electrostatic waves at laboratory pair ion plasmas.
A theory for the spatial development of linearly unstable, coupled waves is presented in which both quasi-linear and mode coupling effects are treated in a self-consistent manner. Steady state excitation of two waves is assumed at the boundary x = 0, the plasma being homogeneous in the y and z directions. Coupled equations are derived for the x dependence of the amplitudes of the primary waves and the secondary waves, correct through second order terms in the wave amplitude, but without usual approximation of small growth rates. This general formalism is then applied to the case of coupled ion acoustic waves driven unstable by an ion beam streaming in the direction of the x axis. If the modifications of the ion beam by the waves (quasi-linear effects) are ignored, explosive instabilities (singularities in all of the amplitudes at finite x) are found, even when all of the waves have positive energy. If these wave-particle interactions are included, the solutions are no longer singular, and all of the amplitudes have finite maxima.
Propagation and damping of ion-acoustic waves have been investigated in a Q-machine plasma consisting of K(+) positive ions, SF6(-) negative ions, and electrons. The phase velocity of the ion-acoustic 'fast' mode increases with increasing epsilon, the concentration of negative ions. The wave damping decreases with increasing epsilon, and nearly disappears, for the highest wave frequencies investigated, when epsilon is more than about 0.9. Both results are in agreement with predictions from Vlasov theory.
Plasma wave measurements on the Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft have revealed the occurrence of electric field turbulence in the solar wind at frequencies between the electron and ion plasma frequencies. Wavelength measurements with the Imp 6 spacecraft now provide strong evidence that these waves are shortwavelength ion acoustic waves which are Doppler-shifted upward in frequency by the motion of the solar wind. Comparison of the Helios results with measurements from the earth-orbiting Imp 6 and 8 spacecraft shows that the ion acoustic wave turbulence detected in interplanetary space has characteristics essentially identical to those of bursts of electrostatic turbulence generated by protons streaming into the solar wind from the earth's bow shock. In a few cases, enhanced ion acoustic wave intensities have been observed in direct association with abrupt increases in the anisotropy of the solar wind electron distribution. This relationship strongly suggests that the ion acoustic waves detected by Helios far from the earth are produced by an electron heat flux instability, as was suggested by Forslund. Possible related mechanisms which could explain the generation of ion acoustic waves by protons streaming into the solar wind from the earth's bow shock are also considered.
A study on the amplification of ion acoustic wave in an inhomogeneous plasma has been made on the basis of a nonlinear wave-particle interaction process called plasma maser effect. The drift wave instability, which is a universal phenomenon of an inhomogeneous confined plasma system, is found to be strongly in phase relation with thermal particles and may transfer its wave energy nonlinearly through a modulated field to ion acoustic wave. Considering a Maxwellian distribution function model for inhomogeneous plasmas under the standard local approximation, we have estimated the growth rate for ion acoustic wave, which is obtained by using the nonlinear dispersion relation. It has been found that amplification of ion acoustic wave is possible at the expense of drift wave turbulent energy. This result may be particularly important for stability of various drift modes in magnetically confined plasma as well as for transport of momentum and energy in such inhomogeneous systems.
A theory for the spatial development of linearly unstable, coupled waves is presented in which both quasilinear and mode-coupling effects are treated in a self-consistent manner. Steady-state excitation of two waves is assumed at the boundary x = 0, the plasma being homogeneous in the y and z directions. Coupled equations are derived for the x dependence of the amplitudes of the primary waves and the secondary waves, correct through terms of second order in the wave amplitude, but without the usual approximation of small growth rates. This general formalism is then applied to the case of coupled ion-acoustic waves driven unstable by an ion beam streaming in the direction of the x axis. If the modifications of the ion beam by the waves (quasilinear effects) are ignored, explosive instabilities (singularities in all of the amplitudes at finite x) are found even when all of the waves have positive energy. If these wave-particle interactions are included, the solutions are no longer singular, and all of the amplitudes have finite maxima.
Triggered ion-acoustic waves are a pair of coupled waves observed in the previously unexplored plasma regime near the Sun. They may be capable of producing important effects on the solar wind. Because this wave mode has not been observed or studied previously and it is not fully understood, the issue of whether it has a natural origin or is an instrumental artifact can be raised. This paper discusses this issue by examining 13 features of the data such as whether the triggered ion-acoustic waves are electrostatic, whether they are both narrowband, whether they satisfy the requirement that the electric field is parallel to the k-vector, whether the phase difference between the electric field and the density fluctuations is 90°, whether the two waves have the same phase velocity as they must if they are coupled, whether the phase velocity is that of an ion-acoustic wave, whether they are associated with other parameters such as electron heating, whether the electric field instrument otherwise performed as expected, etc. The conclusion reached from these analyses is that triggered ion-acoustic waves are highly likely to have a natural origin although the possibility that they are artifacts unrelated to processes occurring in the natural plasma cannot be eliminated. This inability to absolutely rule out artifacts as the source of a measured result is a characteristic of all measurements.