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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

The measurement of cold ion densities in the plasma trough

The cold ion density in the plasma trough region is an important fundamental parameter in the currently proposed mechanisms to describe magnetospheric dynamics. Direct in situ measurements of the cold ion density are generally difficult owing to uncertainties in vehicle potentials and ion temperatures. It is shown that the light ion mass spectrometer from Ogo 5 was very successful in acquiring these data and that vehicle potentials appear not to have been a prohibitive factor. The cold ion plasma trough data show a great deal of variability, indicating a strong dependence on the state of the convection electric field; consequently, average values of cold ion densities in the plasma trough may be significantly different from the actual time-dependent values. The local time plot of plasma trough densities at L = 7 for data acquired over a 1-year period shows the anticipated increase in cold ion density during the daytime and the expected decrease in cold ion density during dusk and early nighttime.

Harris, K. K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Frequency functions of Venus nightside ion densities

The variability of the total and major ion densities in the nightside Venus ionosphere are studied by deriving an experimental frequency function for these quantities. The frequency function N(i) derived for the total ion density is found to be insensitive to division of the parent set into two approximately equal subsets representing dawn and dusk hemispheres, an upper and lower altitude interval, or two solar zenith angle intervals. The N(i) function is reasonably well peaked near the median value, and 78 percent of the normalized values fall within a factor of 2.8 of the median value. The frequency of occurrence decreases more rapidly on the high side of the median than on the low side. The frequency functions for the constituent ions are similar to that for N(i).

Knudsen, William C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Theoretical ion densities in the lower ionosphere

We have solved the coupled momentum and continuity equations for NO(+), O2(+), and O(+) ions in the E- and F-regions of the ionosphere. This theoretical model has enabled us to examine the relative importance of various processes that affect molecular ion densities. We find that transport processes are not important during the day; the molecular ions are in chemical equilibrium at all altitudes. At night, however, both diffusion and vertical drifts induced by winds or electric fields are important in determining molecular ion densities below about 200 km. Nitric oxide plays an important role in determining the NO(+) to O2(+) ratio in the E-region, particularly at night. Nocturnal sources of ionization are required to maintain the E-region through the night. Vertical velocities induced by expansion and contraction of the neutral atmosphere are too small to affect ion densities at any altitude.

Schunk, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS2012

On the Distribution of Ion Density Depletion Along Magnetic Field Lines as Deduced Using C-NOFS

To investigate ion density depletion along magnetic field lines, we compare in situ-measured ion density fluctuations as seen from C/NOFS and compare them to the field-line-integrated depletion of the whole bubble as inferred from electric field measurements. Results show that, within C/NOFS' range, local measurement of the normalized density depletion, (Delta)n/n(sub 0), near the apex may be far less than at other points on the same field line. We argue that the distribution of (Delta)n/n(sub 0) is a weighted distribution concentrated at latitudes of the Appleton anomalies and becomes more heavily weighted the closer the field-aligned bubble rises to the peak of the anomalies. A three-dimensional simulation of an ionospheric bubble verifies our arguments.

ion density↗
NASA NTRS1980

Correlations between neutral meridional winds and ion densities observed on AE-E

The southward directed neutral meridional wind and the nighttime ion density simultaneously measured on AE-E for altitudes from 250 to 290 km are compared and found to correlate when the magnetic field inclination is negative and anticorrelate when the inclination is positive. This effect is attributed to neutral winds transporting the ions up or down a field line depending upon the sign of the field-aligned wind and the inclination. Model calculations for the ion density in the presence of a field-aligned wind and ambipolar diffusion are presented. Six examples of this ionospheric response are analyzed and found to be in qualitative and approximate quantitative agreement with the theoretical results.

Wharton, L. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Modulation of Venus ion densities associated with solar variations

The dayside ion concentrations in the Venus ionosphere obtained by the Pioneer Venus orbiter ion mass spectrometer exhibit a modulation corresponding to the 27-day solar variation. Comparisons were made of the amplitudes of modulation of CO(2(+), C(+), and O2(+), with the amplitudes of the 27-day variation in the 10.7-cm solar radio flux and the simultaneously measured EUV fluxes at He II (304 A) and Lyman-beta(1026 A), together with a theoretical analysis of the effects of solar variability on the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere of Venus. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the observed modulation of dayside ion densities is primarily due to the variability in the ionizing EUV radiations and, to a much lesser extent, the result of the variability with solar activity of the neutral atmosphere via the variability in exospheric temperature. In this connection, it is also shown theoretically why the percentage variation of exospheric temperature on Venus (as observed in the ONMS data) for a given variation in the 10.7-cm radio flux is only half of the exospheric temperature variation for earth.

Bauer, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Vertical neutral wind in the equatorial F-region deduced from electric field and ion density measurements

Direct current (DC) electric field and ion density measurements near density depletion regions (that is, equatorial plasma bubbles) are used to estimate the vertical neutral wind speed. The measured zonal electric field in a series of density depletions crossed by the San Marco D satellite at 01.47-01.52 Universal Time (UT) on 25 October 1988, can be explained if a downward neutral wind of 15-30 m/s exists. Simultaneously, the F-region plasma was moving downward at a speed of 30-50 m/s. These events appear in the local time sector of 23.00-23.15 in which strong downward neutral winds may occur. Indeed, airglow measurements suggest that downward neutral velocities of 25-50 m/s are possible at time near midnight in the equatorial F-region.

Laakso, Harri↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fast wave interferometer for ion density measurement on DIII-D

=A fast wave interferometer (FWI), which can measure ion mass density, has been developed on DIII-D for its use on future fusion reactors, as well as for the study of ion behavior in current plasma devices. The frequency of the fast waves used for the FWI is around 60 MHz, and require antennas and coaxial cables or waveguides, which, unlike traditional mirror-based optical interferometers, are less susceptible to neutron/gamma-ray radiation and are relatively immune to impurity deposition and erosion as well as alignment issues. The bulk ion density evaluated using FWI show good agreement with that derived from CO 2 interferometry within about 15%. When the ion mass density measurement by FWI is combined with an electron density measurement from CO 2 interferometry, Z eff measurements are also enabled and are in agreement with those from visible Bremsstrahlung measurements. Additionally, large-bandwidth FWI measurements clearly resolve 10–100 kHz coherent modes and demonstrate its potential as a core fluctuation diagnostic, sensitive to both magnetic and ion density perturbations.

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
NASA NTRS2011

Performance of the IRI-2007 Model for Topside Ion Density and Composition Profiles During the 23/24 Solar Minimum

The recent solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 was unusually extended and deep, resulting in an ionosphere that is significantly different from that expected based on previous solar minima. The ion density and composition estimates from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite are used to evaluate the performance of the IRI-2007 model between 400 and 850 kIn altitude in equatorial regions. The current model is shown to typically overestimate the expected topside density of 0+ and underestimate the density of H+ during 2008 and 2009. The overestimation of ion density by IRI-2007 is found to vary with local time and longitude.

Klenzing, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Observations of the diurnal dependence of the high-latitude F region ion density by DMSP satellites

Data from the DMSP F2 and F4 satellites for the period December 5-10, 1979, have been used to study the diurnal dependence of the high-latitude ion density at 800-km altitude. A 24-hour periodicity in the minimum orbital density (MOD) during a crossing of the high-latitude region is observed in both the winter and summer hemispheres. The phase of the variation in MOD is such that it has a minimum during the 24-hour period between 0700 and 0900 UT. Both the long-term variation of the high-latitude ion density on a time scale of days, and the orbit-by-orbit variations at the same geomagnetic location in the northern (winter) hemisphere for the magnetically quiet time period chosen, show good qualitative agreement with the diurnal dependence predicted by a theoretical model of the ionospheric density at high latitudes under conditions of low convection speeds (Sojka et al., 1981).

Sojka, J. J.↗