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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Isobar analog states (IAS), double isobar analog states (DIAS), configuration states (CS), and double configuration states (DCS) in halo nuclei. Halo isomers

It has been shown that IAS, DIAS, CS, and DCS can simultaneously have n-n, n-p, and p-p halo components in their wave functions. Differences in halo structure of the excited and ground states can result in the formation of isomers (halo-isomers). Both the Borromean and tango halo types can be observed for n-p configurations of atomic nuclei. The structure of the ground and excited states with different isospin quantum number in halo like nuclei is discussed. B(Mλ) and B(Eλ) for γ-transitions in {sup 6,7,8}Li, {sup 8,9,10}Be, {sup 8,10,11}B, {sup 10,11,12,13,14}C, {sup 13,14,15,16,17}N, {sup 15,16,17,19}O, and {sup 17}F are analyzed. Special attention is given to nuclei whose ground state does not exhibit halo structure but the excited state may have one.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Survey of Evaluated Isobaric Analog States

Isobaric analog states (IAS) can be used to estimate the masses of members belonging to the same isospin multiplet. Experimental and estimated IAS have been used frequently within the Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME) in the past, but the associated set of evaluated masses have been published for the first time in AME2012 and NUBASE2012. In this paper the current trends of the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) coefficients are shown. The T = 2 multiplet is used as a detailed illustration.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Gamow-Teller strength studied through {Gamma}-excitation of isobaric analog states

We consider a measurement of isobaric analog states (IAS) of 76As in 76Se as a method for measuring the Gamow-Teller (GT) strength important to constrain and possibly help normalize calculations of double beta ({beta}{beta}) decay matrix elements. We show that photo-nuclear reactions via IAS can provide valuable information about the parent and daughter states of {beta}{beta}-decay not currently available from measurements of charge exchange reactions. Several experiments have been proposed at the HI{open_square} Sfacility at the Triangle Nuclear Research Laboratory in Durham, NC, the first of which will measure the lowest 1{sup -}, 1{sup +} and 2{sup +} IAS in {sup 76}Se.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Coupled-channel treatment of Isobaric Analog Resonances in (p,p') Capture Processes

With the advent of nuclear reactions on unstable isotopes, there has been a renewed interest in using isobaric analogue resonances (IAR) as a tool for probing the nuclear structure. The position and width of isobaric analogue resonances in nucleon-nucleus scattering are accurate and detailed indicators of the positions of resonances and bound states with good single-particle characters. We report on implementation within our coupled-channels code FRESCO of the charge-exchange interaction term that transforms an incident proton into a neutron. Isobaric analog resonances are seen as peaks in gamma-ray spectrum when the proton is transformed into a neutron at an energy near a neutron bound state. The Lane coupled-channels formalism was extended to follow the nonorthogonality of this neutron channel with that configuration of an inelastic outgoing proton, and the target being left in a particle-hole excited state. This is tested for 208Pb, for which good (p,p g)

Thompson, I J↗
DOE OSTI2013

Split Isobaric Analog State in Ni 55 : Case of Strong Isospin Mixing

Study of βþ decay of the exotic T z = -3=2 nucleus 55 Cu, via delayed γ rays, has revealed a strongly isospin mixed doublet (4599–4579 keV) in 55 Ni, which represents the fragmented and previously unknown isobaric analog of the ground state of 55 Cu. The observed small log $ft$ values to both states in the doublet confirm the superallowed Fermi β decay. The near degeneracy of a pair of 3/2 - levels in 55Ni results in the strong isospin mixing. The isospin mixing matrix element between the T = 3/2 and T = 1/2 levels is inferred from the experiment to be 9(1) keV, which agrees well with the matrix element of the charge symmetry breaking shell model Hamiltonian of Ormand and Brown. A precise value of the half-life of 55 Cu at 57(3) ms was also obtained.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Nuclear structure beyond the neutron drip line. The lowest energy states in 9 He via their T=5/2 isobaric analogs in 9 Li

The level structure of the very neutron rich and unbound 9 He nucleus has been the subject of significant experimental and theoretical study. Many recent works have claimed that the two lowest energy 9 He states exist with spins J π =1/2 + and Jπ=1/2 - and widths on the order of 100–200 keV. These find-ings cannot be reconciled with our contemporary understanding of nuclear structure. Our present work is the first high-resolution study with low statistical uncertainty of the relevant excitation energy range in the 8 He+n system, performed via a search for the T =5/2 isobaric analog states in 9 Li populated through 8 He+p elastic scattering. Moreover, the present data show no indication of any narrow structures. Instead, we find evidence for a broad J π =1/2 + state in 9 He located approximately 3 MeV above the neutron decay threshold.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Observation of T = 3/2 isobaric analog states in 9 Be using p + 8 Li resonance scattering

Background: Resonance scattering has been extensively used to study the structure of exotic, neutron-deficient nuclei. Extension of the resonance scattering technique to neutron-rich nuclei was suggested more than 20 years ago. This development is based on the isospin conservation law. In spite of broad field of the application, it has never gained a wide-spread acceptance. Purpose: To benchmark the experimental approach to study the structure of exotic neutron-rich nuclei through resonance scattering on a proton target. Method: In this work, the excitation function for p + 8 Li resonance scattering is measured using a thick target by recording coincidence between light and heavy recoils, populating T = 3/2 isobaric analog states (IAS) in 9 Be. Results: A good fit of the 8 Li(p, p) 8 Li resonance elastic scattering excitation function was obtained using previously tentatively known 5/2 – T = 3/2 state at 18.65 MeV in 9 Be and a new broad T = 3/2 s-wave state—the 5/2 + at 18.5 MeV. These results fit the expected isomirror properties for the T = 3/2 A = 9 isoquartet. Conclusions: Our analysis confirmed isospin as a good quantum number for the investigated highly excited T = 3/2 states and demonstrated that studying the structure of neutron-rich exotic nuclei through IAS is a promising approach.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Spectroscopy of 13 Be through isobaric analog states in 13 B

Spectroscopy of the exotic, neutron-unbound beryllium isotope, 13 Be, is still a puzzle despite significant experimental efforts. To observe T = 5/2 states in 13 B, establish spin parities and spectroscopic factors, and use isospin symmetry to inform spectroscopy of 13 Be, excitation functions for resonance elastic scattering of 12 Be on protons were measured in the c.m. energy range from 1 MeV to 5 MeV. Two T = 5/2 states in 13 B at excitation energies 18.25 MeV and 19.95 MeV were observed. Unambiguous 1/2 + and 5/2 + spin-parity assignments were made, and spectroscopic factors were established using R-matrix analysis of the measured 12 Be + p excitation functions. Here, we provide the first direct and unambiguous spin-parity assignments and spectroscopic factor measurements for the resonances in the A = 13, T = 5/2 isobaric multiplet. This puts us on a solid footing to identify the 2.3 MeV state in 13 Be as 5/2 + and infer the existence of an s-wave (1/2 + ) resonance at around 0.6 MeV with a relatively small spectroscopic factor.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exact isovector pairing in a shell-model framework: Role of proton-neutron correlations in isobaric analog states

Here, we utilize a nuclear shell model Hamiltonian with only two adjustable parameters to generate, for the first time, exact solutions for pairing correlations for light to medium-mass nuclei, including the challenging proton-neutron pairs, while also identifying the primary physics involved. In addition to single-particle energy and Coulomb potential terms, the shell model Hamiltonian consists of an isovector T = 1 pairing interaction and an average proton-neutron isoscalar T = 0 interaction, where the T = 0 term describes the average interaction between nonpaired protons and neutrons. This Hamiltonian is exactly solvable, where, utilizing three to seven single-particle energy levels, we reproduce experimental data for 0 + state energies for isotopes with mass A = 10 through A = 62 exceptionally well including isotopes from He to Ge. Additionally, we isolate effects due to like-particle and proton-neutron pairing, provide estimates for the total and proton-neutron pairing gaps, and reproduce N (neutron) = Z (proton) irregularity. These results provide a further understanding for the key role of proton-neutron pairing correlations in nuclei, which is especially important for waiting-point nuclei on the $\mathcal{rp}$ path of nucleosynthesis.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Isospin in halo nuclei: Borromean halo, tango halo, and halo isomers

It is shown that the wave functions for isobaric analog, double isobaric analog, configuration, and double configuration states may simultaneously have components corresponding to nn, np, and pp halos. The difference in the halo structure between the ground and excited states of a nucleus may lead to the formation of halo isomers. A halo structure of both Borromean and tango types can be observed for np configurations. The structure of ground and excited states with various isospins in halo-like nuclei is discussed. The reduced probabilities B(Mλ) and B(Eλ) for gamma transitions in {sup 6−8}Li, {sup 8−10}Be, {sup 8,10,11}B, {sup 10−14}C, {sup 13−17}N, {sup 15−17,19}O, and {sup 17}F nuclei are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the cases where the ground state of a nucleus does not have a halo structure, but where its excited state may have it.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Momentum correlations in the two-proton decay of light nuclei

Momentum correlations in two-proton and other multi-body decays of light proton-rich nuclei are discussed. The variety of such decays are illustrated by a number of examples. The measured correlations for the ground state of {sup 6}Be are found to be consistent with the cluster-model calculations of Grigorenko et al. The ground state of {sup 8}C decays by two sequential steps of 3-body (two-proton) decay passing through the {sup 6}Be{sub g.s.} intermediate state. The isobaric analog of {sup 8}C in {sup 8}B undergoes two-proton decay to the isobaric analog state in {sup 6}Li. To the extent that isospin is conserved, this is a Goldansky-type decay, i.e. the isospin-allowed immediate state in {sup 7}Be is energetically forbidden. An excited state in {sup 10}C is found to have a {approx}50% four-body-decay branch where the protons have a strong diproton character.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Use of ({sup 3}He, t) charge-exchange reactions in determining radii of excited states of nuclei

A method for determining the radii of excited states of nuclei by means of ({sup 3}He, t) charge-exchange reactions was proposed. Two versions of a comparison of differential cross sections for ({sup 3}He, t) reactions were considered. The first relies on a comparison with cross sections for inelastic-scattering processes leading to the formation of isobaric analog states, while the second involves ({sup 3}He, t) reactions leading to the production of the ground state. The two versions in question yield similar results and make it possible to determine the radius of the first excited state of the {sup 13}N nucleus. This state has the excitation energy of E* = 2.37 MeV, lying above the proton-emission threshold. The resulting radius proved to be enhanced in relation to the ground state and is close to the radius of the 3.09-MeV isobaric analog state of the {sup 13}С nucleus, which has a neutron halo. This permitted drawing the conclusion that the {sup 13}N nucleus in the 2.37-MeV state has a proton halo. The possibility of revealing a proton halo in other states of light nuclei is considered.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Influence of 73 Rb on the ashes of accreting neutron stars

We find that the proton separation energy, S(p), of 73 Rb is –640(40) keV, deduced from the observation of β-delayed ground-state protons following the decay of 73 Sr. This lower-limit determination of the proton separation energy of 73 Rb coupled with previous upper limits from nonobservation, provides a full constraint on the mass excess with ΔM ( 73 Rb) = –46.01 ± 0.04 MeV. With this new mass excess and the excitation energy of the J π = 5/2 – isobaric-analog state (T = 3/2) in 73 Rb, an improved constraint can be put on the mass excess of 73Sr using the isobaric-multiplet mass equation (IMME), and we find ΔM( 73 Sr) = –31.98 ± 0.37 MeV. Furthermore, these new data were then used to study the composition of ashes on accreting neutron stars following Type I x-ray bursts. Counterintuitively, we find that there should be an enhanced fraction of A > 102 nuclei with more negative proton separation energies at the 72 Kr rp-process waiting point. Larger impurities of heavier nuclei in the ashes of accreting neutron stars will impact the cooling models for such astrophysical scenarios.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Analog-antianalog isospin mixing in 47 K 𝛽−decay

Here, we have measured the isospin mixing of the 𝐼 𝜋 =1/2 + , 𝐸 𝑥 = 2.599 MeV state in nearly doubly magic 47 Ca with the isobaric analog 1/2 + state of 47 K . Using the TRIUMF atom trap for 𝛽 decay, we have measured a nonzero asymmetry of the progeny 47 Ca with respect to the initial 47 K spin polarization, which together with the 𝛽 asymmetry implies a nonzero ratio of Fermi to Gamow-Teller matrix elements 𝑦 = 0.098 ± 0.037 for the 1/2 + → 1/2 + transition. Interpreting 𝑦 as mixing between this state and the isobaric analog state implies a Coulomb matrix element magnitude 101 ± 37 keV. This relatively large matrix element supports a model from the literature of analog-antianalog isospin mixing, which predicts large matrix elements in cases involving excess neutrons over protons occupying more than one major shell. The result supports pursuing a search for time-reversal odd, parity-even, isovector interactions using a correlation in 47 K 𝛽 decay.

beta decay↗
DOE OSTI2025

Emerging tension between isospin symmetry and nuclear deformation at 𝐴 = 78

Since the nuclear interaction is, to first order, isospin independent, simple relationships can be derived for 𝐸⁢2 strengths across isobaric analog states within an isobaric triplet. At the same time, there is a well-known relationship between the 2 + excitation energy and the 𝐵(𝐸⁢2;2 + → 0 + ) transition strength in deformed even-even nuclei. Here, we highlight a tension between these two trends in the 𝐴 = 78 isobaric triplet. Recent level-energy determinations indicate that the proton-rich member of the triplet, 78 Zr, is strongly deformed while recent lifetime measurements in 78 Sr and 78 Y, as extrapolated into 78 Zr, would imply that 78 Zr is weakly deformed. Furthermore, we explore the implications of this apparent contradiction and explore potential solutions.

59 ≤ A ≤ 89↗
DOE OSTI2012

Neutron-skin thickness from the study of the anti-analog giant dipole resonance

The {gamma}-decay of the anti-analog of the giant dipole resonance (AGDR) to the isobaric analog state has been measured following the p({sup 124}Sn,n) reaction at a beam energy of 600 MeV/nucleon. The energy of the transition was also calculated with state-of-the-art self-consistent relativistic random-phase approximation (RPA) and turned out to be very sensitive to the neutronskin thickness ({Delta}R{sub pn}). By comparing the theoretical results with the measured one, the {Delta}R{sub pn} value for {sup 124}Sn was deduced to be 0.21 {+-} 0.07 fm, which agrees well with the previous results. The present method offers new possibilities for measuring the neutron-skin thicknesses of very exotic isotopes.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗