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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Improved measurements of nonlinear integrable optics at IOTA

Nonlinear integrable optics (NIO) are a promising novel approach at improving the stability of high intensity beams. Implementations of NIO based on specialized magnetic elements are being tested at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. One method of verifying proper implementation of these solutions is by measuring the analytic invariants predicted by theory. The initial measurements of nonlinear invariants were performed during IOTA run in 2019/20, however the covid-19 pandemic prevented the full-scale experimental program from being completed. Several important improvements were implemented in IOTA for the 2022/23 run, including the operation at higher beam energy of 150 MeV, improved optics control, and chromaticity correction. This report presents on the improved calibrations of the NIO for nonlinear invariant measurements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improved Measurements of Nonlinear Integrable Optics Invariants at IOTA

Nonlinear integrable optics (NIO) are a promising novel approach at improving the stability of high intensity beams. Implementations of NIO based on specialized magnetic elements are being tested at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. One method of verifying proper implementation of these solutions is by measuring the analytic invariants predicted by theory. The initial measurements of nonlinear invariants were performed during IOTA run in 2019/20, however the covid-19 pandemic prevented the full-scale experimental program from being completed. Several important improvements were implemented in IOTA for the 2022/23 run, including the operation at higher beam energy of 150 MeV, improved optics control, and chromaticity correction. This report presents the results of improved measurements of nonlinear invariants.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Lattice Refinements for Nonlinear Integrable Optics in IOTA

Nonlinear integrable optics of the type proposed by Danilov and Nagaitsev place strict constraints on the lattice parameters in the matching section outside of the nonlinear insert. In particular, the effects of energy spread in the beam have significant effects on the stability of the system. Typical chromatic compensation using sextupoles has significant perturbative effects on the dynamics but is operationally necessary to suppress fast losses. Fast decoherence of kicked beam measurements limits the available signal for studies. Refinements to the IOTA lattice parameters based on this experience with electron beam operation are presented.

Wieland, John [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000289718523)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Lattice refinements for nonlinear integrable optics in IOTA

Nonlinear integrable optics of the type proposed by Danilov and Nagaitsev place strict constraints on the lattice parameters in the matching section outside of the nonlinear insert. In particular, the effects of energy spread in the beam have significant effects on the stability of the system. Typical chromatic compensation using sextupoles has significant perturbative effects on the dynamics but is operationally necessary to suppress fast losses. Fast decoherence of kicked beam measurements limits the available signal for studies. Refinements to the IOTA lattice parameters based on this experience with electron beam operation are presented.

Wieland, J. [Fermilab; Michigan State U.] (ORCID:0↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measured dynamic aperture and detuning of nonlinear integrable optics

One of the most promising advantages of nonlinear integrable optics is strong amplitude dependent tune shift without degrading the dynamic aperture. The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab is constructed around nonlinear lattice elements of the elliptical type as described by Danilov and Nagaitsev. Detuning and dynamic aperture scans in IOTA were performed using a fast dipole kicker and a low emittance electron beam. The evolution of the dynamic aperture and detuning for different configurations of the integrable optics lattice are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Measured Dynamic Aperture and Detuning of Nonlinear Integrable Optics

One of the most promising advantages of nonlinear integrable optics is strong amplitude dependent tune shift without degrading the dynamic aperture. The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab is constructed around nonlinear lattice elements of the elliptical type as described by Danilov and Nagaitsev. Detuning and dynamic aperture scans in IOTA were performed using a fast dipole kicker and a low emittance electron beam. The evolution of the dynamic aperture and detuning for different configurations of the integrable optics lattice are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Proton Dynamics Scenarios in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab provides a versatile platform for studying the interplay of space-charge, impedance, and non-linear optics in high-intensity hadron beams within synchrotrons and storage rings. This report examines the parameters and dynamics of 2.5~MeV proton beam operations in two configurations of the bare IOTA lattice: one for demonstrating Non-linear Integrable Optics with the Danilov-Nagaitsev magnet, and the other for use with electron cooling. We offer order-of-magnitude estimates of the transverse emittance growth rate as a function of beam intensity, highlighting contributions from residual gas scattering, intra-beam scattering, and space-charge effects. Under nominal conditions, the beam lifetime is projected to be less than 7~minutes at low intensity with the current vacuum quality, and fewer than 100,000~turns at high intensity due to strong space-charge effects. The calculations presented here will guide strategies to mitigate emittance growth and inform future IOTA experiments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Design of a compact, cryogen-free superconducting solenoid for the electron lens of the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)

The proposed electron lens for Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) will broaden its capabilities by enabling new research in nonlinear integrable optics, space-charge compensation, proton beam cooling, and more. The electron lens is based on a 5–10 keV, 1–2 A electron beam, shaped using a 0.7 m long, 0.8 T solenoidal magnetic field. A cryogen-free superconducting solenoid has been designed to provide this solenoidal field, taking into consideration the constraints on space, utilities, and infrastructure in the IOTA experimental hall. The solenoid is made of copper stabilized niobium-titanium conductor, conduction-cooled using 4 K closed-cycle cryocoolers. This paper describes the overall design of the solenoid encompassing its mechanical construction, current leads optimization, cryogenic thermal modeling that provides estimates of cooldown time and static/dynamic heat loads, and quench analysis.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nonlinear Tune-Shift Measurements in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator

The first experimental run of Fermilab’s Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring aimed at testing the concept of nonlinear integrable beam optics. In this report we present the preliminary results of the studies of a nonlinear focusing system with two invariants of motion realized with the special elliptic-potential magnet. The key measurement of this experiment was the horizontal and vertical betatron tune shift as a function of transverse amplitude. A vertical kicker strength was varied to change the betatron amplitude for several values of the nonlinear magnet strength. The turn-by-turn positions of the 100 MeV electron beam at twenty-one beam position monitors around the ring were captured and used for the analysis of phase-space trajectories.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Design of Ionization Profile Monitors at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator Facility at Fermilab

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab is transitioning from an electron beam facility to a proton beam facility for studies in nonlinear accelerator optics and space-charge dominated proton beams. This project involves the commissioning and fabrication of Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) to enable beam profile measurements at IOTA. In general, IPMs work on principle of residual gas ionization by the beam to generate beam profile. This work focuses on a mechanical design that leverages a controlled injection of noble gases, primarily Argon, as the ultra-high vacuum of the IOTA ring provides insufficient residual gas for ionization. Efforts to understand vacuum integration to ensure compatibility with the storage ring environment, the integration of real-time data acquisition systems and the commissioning of the IPMs will be discussed. This project provides a versatile diagnostic tool, supporting IOTA’s role as a testbed for larger-scale accelerator facilities and contributing to the broader understanding of beam physics in high-intensity, high-space-charge regimes.

Mwaniki, M. W. [IIT, Chicago] (ORCID:0000000169057↗
DOE OSTI2021

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF NONLINEAR INTEGRABLE OPTICS

State-of-the-art accelerators at energy and intensity frontiers require increasingly bright and powerful particle beams. In conventional linear lattices, intense beams suffer from collective instabilities, resulting in beam losses and maximum beam intensity limits. This thesis presents experimental studies of a novel lattice design concept, the nonlinear integrable optics (NIO), aimed at enhancing beam stability limits with little to no beam dynamics degradation. Single-particle beam dynamics measurements of two NIO devices, the quasi-integrable octupole system and the fully integrable Danilov-Nagaitsev system, were carried out at the purpose-built Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. Their simulation, hardware design, and commissioning process are presented. Extensive model and analysis algorithm development and benchmarking is described. Electron beam data from two scientific runs is analyzed, yielding frequency and phase space dynamics consisten t with m odels. These results demonstrate viability and advantages of the NIO design, providing the groundwork for proton studies in the strong space-charge regime and future integrable accelerators.

Kuklev, Nikita↗
DOE OSTI2025

Using "AI Poincare" to analyze non-linear integrable optics

This study dives into the applicability of using automated discovery of conserved quantities in dynamical systems relevant to accelerator physics. Specifically, we explore the performance of AI Poincaré in analyzing numerical trajectory data obtained using the McMillan system of non-linear integrable optics. A comprehensive evaluation of the algorithm's performance is conducted through diverse methodologies. These include the analysis of the estimated number of conserved quantities embedded in a dataset and the deviation of interpolated points on the inferred manifold with respect to points in actually in the dataset. the investigation identifies an optimal range of perturbation distances where the underlying manifold extraction algorithm inside AI Poincaré exhibits optimal performance. Additionally, an improved neural network architecture is proposed based on the observed results. Finally, we apply the algorithm to preliminary experimental data from the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator at Fermilab to successfully infer the number of conserved quantities even in the presence of fast decoherence of the measured signal.

Osmanov, Lazare [Free U. Tbilisi]↗
DOE OSTI2021

Calculations of detuning with amplitude for the McMillan electron lens in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)

The McMillan electron lens will be one of the experimental implementations of nonlinear integrable lattices in the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA). We describe the physics of the nonlinear McMillan lens and calculate the tune dependence with amplitude from the experimental parameters. Some of the implications for the design of experiments in IOTA are discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Experimental Studies of Nonlinear Integrable Optics with Elliptic Potentials

The stable transport of charged particle beams is the core challenge in designing and operating accelerators. The current paradigm for transverse focusing is based on quadrupole and dipole elements, described as a linear integrable Hamiltonian by Courant and Snyder. The operational limits of high intensity accelerators are often determined by collective instabilities within the beam. Nonlinear elements may be added to suppress certain forms of these collective effects, but restrict the range of stable trajectories. These shortcomings motivate extending to a nonlinear integrable system which can offer the benefits of suppressing collective instabilities without limiting the stable trajectories. Danilov and Nagaitsev proposed a novel nonlinear integrable system with elliptical potentials, which could be implemented as magnetic elements in an accelerator. Such a system has been implemented for practical verification in the integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA), a small storage ring constructed for beam dynamics studies. Electron beam studies in IOTA treat the low-emittance beam as a macroparticle for detailed probing of the expected single particle dynamics. This dissertation details new measurements of the nonlinear integrable system relevant for practical implementation. Turn-by-turn measurements of the kicked beam responses are used for phase space reconstruction and analysis of the predicted nonlinear dynamics. The stability and aperture for various nonlinear configurations are measured with beam losses. Amplitude dependent detuning, a core figure of merit for suppressing instabilities, is measured and compared with high fidelity particle tracking simulations. The synchrotron radiation images of circulating beam allow direct measurements of the topology and lifetime in configurations where nonlinear focusing terms dominate.

Wieland, John [Michigan U.] (ORCID:000000028971852↗
DOE OSTI2021

SMART conductor on round core (CORC ® ) wire via integrated optical fibers

Superconducting cables based on high temperature superconductors (HTS) are necessary for applications requiring large currents and low inductance, such as compact fusion reactors. In this paper, we report the proof-of-concept of a SMART Conductor on Round Core (CORC ® ) wire realized via integration of optical fibers into the copper core. A SMART CORC ® wire with integrated optical fibers was manufactured and its capabilities have been experimentally demonstrated. Results show that by interrogating the optical fibers via Rayleigh backscattering, a Spectral Shift signal as a function of time and position along the cable can be used to detect and locate hot-spots that are developed within the wire or its terminations. It has been found that highly localized current injection into the terminations could initiate hot-spots within the cable at locations where current redistribution between tapes occur. This effect is virtually eliminated when adequate current connections are used that inject current evenly along the cable terminations. Normal zone propagation velocities have been calculated as a function of time using Spectral Shift data for a heater-induced quench as well as a quench induced by overcurrent. In both cases the normal zone propagation velocity was about 6 cm s -1 , but in the heater-induced experiment it was preceded by 500 ms of slower propagation at 2.5 cm s -1 .

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Integrated optical frequency division for microwave and mmWave generation

Abstract The generation of ultra-low-noise microwave and mmWave in miniaturized, chip-based platforms can transform communication, radar and sensing systems 1–3 . Optical frequency division that leverages optical references and optical frequency combs has emerged as a powerful technique to generate microwaves with superior spectral purity than any other approaches 4–7 . Here we demonstrate a miniaturized optical frequency division system that can potentially transfer the approach to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible integrated photonic platform. Phase stability is provided by a large mode volume, planar-waveguide-based optical reference coil cavity 8,9 and is divided down from optical to mmWave frequency by using soliton microcombs generated in a waveguide-coupled microresonator 10–12 . Besides achieving record-low phase noise for integrated photonic mmWave oscillators, these devices can be heterogeneously integrated with semiconductor lasers, amplifiers and photodiodes, holding the potential of large-volume, low-cost manufacturing for fundamental and mass-market applications 13 .

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗