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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Intermodulation characteristics of X-band IMPATT amplifiers.

Measurement of the intermodulation products produced when two equal amplitude signals are applied to the input of an X-band IMPATT diode amplifier. A Si p(+)nn(+) IMPATT diode was operated in a double-slug-tuned reflection amplifier circuit that was tuned to provide 20 dB of small-signal gain at 9.340 GHz. The intermodulation tests consist of measurements of the magnitudes and frequencies of the amplifier output signals as a function of the input signal drive levels and frequency separations. The gain and single-frequency characteristics of the amplifier were also measured and are used along with the theoretical device and circuit admittance characteristics as a basis for explanation of the intermodulation results. A low-frequency dominance mechanism is found to exist in which the low-frequency signals are amplified more than the high-frequency signals. This mechanism becomes more significant as the amplifier drive level is increased.

Trew, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

RFI Math Model programs for predicting intermodulation interference

Receivers operating on a space vehicle or an aircraft having many on-board transmitters are subject to intermodulation interference from mixing in the transmitting antenna systems, the external environment, or the receiver front-ends. This paper presents the techniques utilized in RFI Math Model computer programs that were developed to aid in the prevention of interference by predicting problem areas prior to occurrence. Frequencies and amplitudes of possible intermodulation products generated in the external environment are calculated and compared to receiver sensitivities. Intermodulation products generated in receivers are evaluated to determine the adequacy of preselector ejection.

Stafford, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Intermodulation analysis

In single channel-per-carrier (SCPC) telecommunication system, hundreds of carriers are routed through common nonlinear satellite amplifiers causing intermodulation distortion. While development of nearly linear and efficient high-power amplifiers is essential to LMSS to reduce this distortion, some degree of intermodulation is unavoidable. An evaluation of the carrier-to-intermodulation ratio for each channel is an essential element in the design of such systems for optimum utilization of satellite power and bandwidth. The determination of channel distribution within the power amplifier bandwidth is considered.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1984

Intermodulation Product Levels in Flame-sprayed Materials

A preliminary investigation on intermodulation product (IMP) levels of fiberglass-backed flame-sprayed surfaces was completed. The purpose was to demonstrate the use of modified techniques and materials in combustion flame spraying of formed surfaces in reducing intermodulation products. The approach used improved metal wire stock without impurities or with smaller droplet sizes, high-temperature release agents, wire stock with low electrical resistance, variations in spraying distances, and intense buffing processes which amalgamate the material gaps and droplets in an effort to fabricate IMP-free lightweight and low cost subreflectors. Positive material candidates were found with an IMP level around -150 dB, which is comparable to solid aluminum surfaces used as a reference.

Yung, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Two-tone intermodulation analysis of communication satellite transponders

Amplitudes of the in-band intermodulation products that arise when two equal-amplitude sinusoids are transmitted through a satellite transponder can be found from a linear transformation when the transponder characteristic is represented by a polynomial. Conversely, the nonlinearity that produces the intermodulation levels measured in a two-tone test can be found from the inverse transformation. As an application, the bandpass nonlinearity is deduced that gives rise to two-tone IM amplitudes that were measured during orbital tests of a satellite transponder, and compared with the measured bandpass characteristic.

Riddle, L. P.↗
NASA NTRS1995

A study of secondary electron emission effects for suppressing passive intermodulation interference in high power communication satellites

In this paper a study of secondary electron emission effects for suppressing passive intermodulation interference in high power communications satellites is studied. The test facility is described and the test results are provided. The effects of environmental factors on the secondary emission coefficient are given. It is found that certain refractory compounds are very promising in eliminating some of the passive intermodulation in satellite communications.

Bosisio, Renato G.↗
NASA NTRS1999

High Power Intermodulation Measurements up to 30 W of High Temperature Superconducting Filters

We have demonstrated a high power intermodulation measurement set-up capable of delivering 30 W in each of two fundamental tones. For closely spaced frequencies (less than 35 MHz), the dynamic range of the measurement is limited by the nonlinear performance of the mixer in the front end of the HP71210C spectrum analyzer. A tunable TE(sub 011) mode copper cavity was fabricated in which one of the endwalls could be adjusted shifting its resonant frequency between 5.7 and 6.6 GHz. Since the Q-value of this cavity is high, greater than 10(exp 4), and its bandwidth is small, less than 1 MHz, it can be used to attenuate the two fundamental tones relative to one of the harmonic tones, which greatly enhances the dynamic range of the measurement. This set-up can be used to measure the two-tone intermodulation distortion of any passive microwave device, e.g. a HTS filter, a connector, a cable, etc., over a frequency range of 5.9 to 6.4 GHz and a power range of 0.1 to 30 W. The third order intercept (TOI) of a prototype HTS filter measured at powers up to 30 W was +81.3 dBm.

Wilker, Charles↗
NASA NTRS1982

Computer modeling of multiple-channel input signals and intermodulation losses caused by nonlinear traveling wave tube amplifiers

The multiple channel input signal to a soft limiter amplifier as a traveling wave tube is represented as a finite, linear sum of Gaussian functions in the frequency domain. Linear regression is used to fit the channel shapes to a least squares residual error. Distortions in output signal, namely intermodulation products, are produced by the nonlinear gain characteristic of the amplifier and constitute the principal noise analyzed in this study. The signal to noise ratios are calculated for various input powers from saturation to 10 dB below saturation for two specific distributions of channels. A criterion for the truncation of the series expansion of the nonlinear transfer characteristic is given. It is found that he signal to noise ratios are very sensitive to the coefficients used in this expansion. Improper or incorrect truncation of the series leads to ambiguous results in the signal to noise ratios.

Stankiewicz, N.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Intermodule ventilation studies for the Space Station

This paper examines the ability of the Space Station intermodule ventilation system to maintain centralized control of CO2 removal and O2 supply. The resulting concentration gradients that will arise are calculated by assuming steady state, ideal gas, isothermal conditions, and perfect mixing of air within and between the pressurized elements. In order to estimate the degree of mixing actually obtained for a given ventilation scheme, a program has been developed based on a potential flow solution technique. Preliminary results from this study indicate that substantial short circuiting and recirculation air flow patterns could arise if a simple duct and diffuser air exchange method at the docking port interface were employed.

Davis, Roy G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Intermodulation in the oscillatory magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron gas

The oscillatory magnetoresistance wave form of a 2-D electron gas shows multiple structures when two subbands are populated. In addition to high-field oscillations at a frequency equal to the sum of the two frequencies corresponding to the concentrations of the subbands, and to a superposition at intermediate fields, we observed oscillations at the difference frequency at low fields and higher temperatures. The field range at which the frequency difference is observed increases with increasing temperature. The crossover from superposition to frequency difference is accompanied by a beat. Similar beats, whose field location shows identical temperature dependence, can be observed in data obtained by other groups on different structures. The various components of the wave form can be attributed to different phase relations between the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the conductivity tensor. It is shown how the intermodulation term, when inserted into the extended oscillatory equation, can give rise to all three structures.

Schacham, S. E.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Intermodulation in the oscillatory magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron gas

The oscillatory magnetoresistance wave form of a 2-D electron gas shows multiple structures when two subbands are populated. In addition to high-field oscillations at a frequency equal to the sum of the two frequencies corresponding to the concentrations of the subbands, and to a superposition at intermediate fields, we observed oscillations at the difference frequency at low fields and higher temperatures. The field range at which the frequency difference is observed increases with increasing temperature. The crossover from superposition to frequency difference is accompanied by a beat. Similar beats, whose field location shows identical temperature dependence, can be observed in data obtained by other groups on different structures. The various components of the wave form can be attributed to different phase relations between the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the conductivity tensor. It is shown how the intermodulation term, when inserted into the extended oscillatory equation, can give rise to all three structures.

Schacham, S. E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Passive intermodulation generation in wire mesh deployable reflector antennas

Deployable reflector antennas represent a proven technology with obvious benefits for mobile satellite applications. Harris Corporation has provided deployable reflector antennas for NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). These antennas utilize a rigid, radial rib unfurlable reflector with a wire mesh surface. This type of mesh has been identified as a potential design risk for multichannel communications applications based on the potential for generation of Passive Intermodulation (PIM). These concerns are based on the existence of numerous, nonpermanent metal to metal contacts that are inherent to the mesh design. To address this issue, Harris has an ongoing IR&D program to characterize mesh PIM performance. This paper presents the results of the investigation into mesh PIM performance to date and provides background information on the design and performance of the Harris radial rib deployable reflector.

Turner, Gregory M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Program Predicts Mixer Intermodulation Products

IMODP is computer-aided-design (CAD) software tool useful in analysis and design of frequency-conversion schemes. Analyzes intermodulation products created by mixing of harmonics of local-oscillator (LO) signal with harmonics of another radio-frequency (RF) signal. Such mixing results in signal components in intermediate-frequency (IF) range above required rejection level. Highly interactive with user. Written in Microsoft FORTRAN.

Mcwatters, Dalia↗
NASA NTRS1996

Remote manual operator for space station intermodule ventilation valve

The Remote Manual Operator (RMO) is a mechanism used for manual operation of the Space Station Intermodule Ventilation (IMV) valve and for visual indication of valve position. The IMV is a butterfly-type valve, located in the ventilation or air circulation ducts of the Space Station, and is used to interconnect or isolate the various compartments. The IMV valve is normally operated by an electric motor-driven actuator under computer or astronaut control, but it can also be operated manually with the RMO. The IMV valve RMO consists of a handle with a deployment linkage, a gear-driven flexible shaft, and a linkage to disengage the electric motor actuator during manual operation. It also provides visual indication of valve position. The IMV valve RMO is currently being prepared for qualification testing.

Guyaux, James R.↗