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NASA NTRS2011

Overview of the NASA Docking System (NDS) and the International Docking System Standard (IDSS)

The NASA/JSC Engineering Directorate has been developing the technology for a Low Impact Docking System (LIDS) for many years. LIDS had been chosen to be the Constellation Program baseline. In February 2009, the International Space Station (ISS) Multilateral control Board (MCB) began an initiative to develop an International Docking System Standard (IDSS) to facilitate greater international cooperation in space and enable emergency crew rescue missions. Discussions as to whether the LIDS could be made compatible with the IDSS were under way. With the cancellation of the Constellation Program, NASA made a policy decision to convert both of the docking ports on the United States On-orbit Segment (USOS) to IDSS ports and NASA moved the LIDS project under the ISS Program. LIDS was redesigned to become the NASA implementation of the emerging IDSS, and its name was changed to the NASA Docking System (NDS). The NDS design will be certified as a gblack box h which can be integrated onto vehicles planning to dock to the ISS IDSS ports. This presentation will discuss the evolution of the IDSS from both the LIDS and the Androgynous Peripheral Assembly System (APAS) and outline the interface requirements which are given in the IDSS Interface Definition Document (IDD). It also will give an overview of the current NDS design, and touch on ISS plans for converting its docking ports to be IDSS compliant.

Parma, George F.↗

NASA NTRS2011

Enabling Exploration Through the International Docking System Standard

Human exploration missions beyond low earth orbit will likely require international cooperation in order to leverage limited resources. International standards can help enable cooperative missions by providing well understood, predefined interfaces allowing compatibility between unique spacecraft and systems. The International Space Station (ISS) partnership has developed a publically available International Docking System Standard (IDSS) that provides a solution to one of these key interfaces by defining a common docking interface. The docking interface provides a way for even dissimilar spacecraft to dock for exchange of crew and cargo, as well as enabling the assembly of large space systems. This paper provides an overview of the key attributes of the IDSS, an overview of the NASA Docking System (NDS), and the plans for updating the ISS with IDSS compatible interfaces. The NDS provides a state of the art, low impact docking system that will initially be made available to commercial crew and cargo providers. The ISS will be used to demonstrate the operational utility of the IDSS interface as a foundational technology for cooperative exploration.

Hatfield, Caris A.↗

NASA NTRS2011

Overview of the NASA Docking Systemand the International Docking System Standard

No abstract available

Parma, George F.↗

NASA NTRS2022

International Docking System Standard (IDSS) Interface Definition Document (IDD) Revision F

This IDSS IDD details the physical geometric mating interface and design loads requirements. The physical geometric interface requirements must be strictly followed to ensure physical spacecraft mating compatibility. This includes both defined components and areas that are void of components. The IDD also identifies common design parameters as identified in Section 3.0, e.g., docking initial conditions and vehicle mass properties. This information represents a recommended set of design values enveloping a broad set of design reference missions and conditions, which if accommodated in the docking system design, increases the probability of successful docking between different spacecraft.

Stanley R Donahoe↗

NASA NTRS2022

The Standardization of In-space and Surface Docking Systems

The International Docking System Standard (IDSS) was developed and establish to aid on-orbit crew rescue and joint operations between different spacecraft. For the International Space Station (ISS), the IDSS has successfully enabled Global interoperability for Commercial Crew and it is now being extended to the Artemis campaign. Similarly, as more companies, agencies, and nations announce their intentions to explore and occupy Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and Cis-Lunar space, including the Lunar surface, it is a natural supposition that new, vehicle interface standards will be required to support the build-up of infrastructure for campaign-based exploration or permanent occupation by national and multi-national Agencies, Industries, and Companies. A surface version of the IDSS, a.k.a. IDSS-Surface (IDSS-S), is under consideration at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) by the docking discipline leads responsible for the leadership of technical development and negotiation of the original IDSS over a decade ago. The IDSS-S, like its predecessor, will ultimately detail the physical geometric mating interface and design load requirements to ensure physical interoperability and to support a broad set of design reference missions which, if accommodated, increases the probability of successful Lunar surface docking between different modules enabling the accessibility and inclusivity required for multi-national, sustainable Lunar exploration.

Docking↗

NASA NTRS2016

International Docking Standard (IDSS) Interface Definition Document (IDD) : Revision - E

This International Docking System Standard (IDSS) Interface Definition Document (IDD) is the result of a collaboration by the International Space Station membership to establish a standard docking interface to enable on-orbit crew rescue operations and joint collaborative endeavors utilizing different spacecraft. This IDSS IDD details the physical geometric mating interface and design loads requirements. The physical geometric interface requirements must be strictly followed to ensure physical spacecraft mating compatibility. This includes both defined components and areas that are void of components. The IDD also identifies common design parameters as identified in section 3.0, e.g., docking initial conditions and vehicle mass properties. This information represents a recommended set of design values enveloping a broad set of design reference missions and conditions, which if accommodated in the docking system design, increases the probability of successful docking between different spacecraft. This IDD does not address operational procedures or off-nominal situations, nor does it dictate implementation or design features behind the mating interface. It is the responsibility of the spacecraft developer to perform all hardware verification and validation, and to perform final docking analyses to ensure the needed docking performance and to develop the final certification loads for their application. While there are many other critical requirements needed in the development of a docking system such as fault tolerance, reliability, and environments (e.g. vibration, etc.), it is not the intent of the IDSS IDD to mandate all of these requirements; these requirements must be addressed as part of the specific developer's unique program, spacecraft and mission needs. This approach allows designers the flexibility to design and build docking mechanisms to their unique program needs and requirements. The purpose of the IDSS IDD is to provide basic common design parameters to allow developers to independently design compatible docking systems. The IDSS is intended for uses ranging from crewed to autonomous space vehicles, and from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to deep-space exploration missions.The purpose of the IDSS IDD is to provide basic common design parameters to allow developers to independently design compatible docking systems. The IDSS is intended for uses ranging from crewed to autonomous space vehicles, and from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to deep-space exploration missions. The purpose of the IDSS IDD is to provide basic common design parameters to allow developers to independently design compatible docking systems. The IDSS is intended for uses ranging from crewed to autonomous space vehicles, and from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to deep-space exploration missions.

docking↗

NASA NTRS2010

NASA Docking System (NDS) Interface Definitions Document (IDD)

The NASA Docking System (NDS) mating system supports low approach velocity docking and provides a modular and reconfigurable standard interface, supporting crewed and autonomous vehicles during mating and assembly operations. The NDS is NASA's implementation for the emerging International Docking System Standard (IDSS) using low impact docking technology. All NDS configurations can mate with the configuration specified in the IDSS Interface Definition Document (IDD) released September 21, 2010. The NDS evolved from the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS). The acronym international Low Impact Docking System (iLIDS) is also used to describe this system. NDS and iLIDS may be used interchangeability. Some of the heritage documentation and implementations (e.g., software command names) used on NDS will continue to use the LIDS acronym. The NDS IDD defines the interface characteristics and performance capability of the NDS, including uses ranging from crewed to autonomous space vehicles and from low earth orbit to deep space exploration. The responsibility for developing space vehicles and for making them technically and operationally compatible with the NDS rests with the vehicle providers. Host vehicle examples include crewed/uncrewed spacecraft, space station modules, elements, etc. Within this document, any docking space vehicle will be referred to as the host vehicle. This document defines the NDS-to-NDS interfaces, as well as the NDS-to-host vehicle interfaces and performance capability.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2011

NASA Docking System (NDS) Interface Definitions Document (IDD)

Lewis, James↗

NASA NTRS2011

International Low Impact Docking System (iLIDS) Project Technical Requirements Specification, Revision F

The NASA Docking System (NDS) is NASA's implementation for the emerging International Docking System Standard (IDSS) using low impact docking technology. The NASA Docking System Project (NDSP) is the International Space Station (ISS) Program's project to produce the NDS, Common Docking Adapter (CDA) and Docking Hub. The NDS design evolved from the Low Impact Docking System (LIDS). The acronym international Low Impact Docking System (iLIDS) is also used to describe this system as well as the Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) project designing the NDS for the NDSP. NDS and iLIDS may be used interchangeability. This document will use the acronym iLIDS. Some of the heritage documentation and implementations (e.g., software command names, requirement identification (ID), figures, etc.) used on NDS will continue to use the LIDS acronym. This specification defines the technical requirements for the iLIDS GFE delivered to the NDSP by the iLIDS project. This document contains requirements for two iLIDS configurations, SEZ29101800-301 and SEZ29101800-302. Requirements with the statement, iLIDS shall, are for all configurations. Examples of requirements that are unique to a single configuration may be identified as iLIDS (-301) shall or iLIDS (-302) shall. Furthermore, to allow a requirement to encompass all configurations with an exception, the requirement may be designated as iLIDS (excluding -302) shall. Verification requirements for the iLIDS project are identified in the Verification Matrix (VM) provided in the iLIDS Verification and Validation Document, JSC-63966. The following definitions differentiate between requirements and other statements: Shall: This is the only verb used for the binding requirements. Should/May: These verbs are used for stating non-mandatory goals. Will: This verb is used for stating facts or declaration of purpose. A Definition of Terms table is provided in Appendix B to define those terms with specific tailored uses in this document.

Lewis, James L.↗

NASA NTRS2012

Enabling Exploration Through Docking Standards

Human exploration missions beyond low earth orbit will likely require international cooperation in order to leverage limited resources. International standards can help enable cooperative missions by providing well understood, predefined interfaces allowing compatibility between unique spacecraft and systems. The International Space Station (ISS) partnership has developed a publicly available International Docking System Standard (IDSS) that provides a solution to one of these key interfaces by defining a common docking interface. The docking interface provides a way for even dissimilar spacecraft to dock for exchange of crew and cargo, as well as enabling the assembly of large space systems. This paper provides an overview of the key attributes of the IDSS, an overview of the NASA Docking System (NDS), and the plans for updating the ISS with IDSS compatible interfaces. The NDS provides a state of the art, low impact docking system that will initially be made available to commercial crew and cargo providers. The ISS will be used to demonstrate the operational utility of the IDSS interface as a foundational technology for cooperative exploration.

Hatfield, Caris A.↗

NASA NTRS2010

NASA Docking System (NDS) Technical Integration Meeting

This slide presentation reviews the NASA Docking System (NDS) as NASA's implementation of the International Docking System Standard (IDSS). The goals of the NDS, is to build on proven technologies previously demonstrated in flight and to advance the state of the art of docking systems by incorporating Low Impact Docking System (LIDS) technology into the NDS. A Hardware Demonstration was included in the meeting, and there was discussion about software, NDS major system interfaces, integration information, schedule, and future upgrades.

Lewis, James L.↗

NASA NTRS2018

NASA Docking System Block 1: NASA's New Direct Electric Docking System Supporting ISS and Future Human Space Exploration

The NASA Docking System (NDS) Block 1 is a key component of NASA's vision for space exploration. It is designed to provide capability for visiting vehicles to dock to the International Space Station's recently-installed International Docking Adapter ports. It is the first docking system to be developed by NASA since the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project of the 1970's. The NDS Block 1 includes provisions for capture, structural attachment, power/data transfer, and undocking. It uses a direct-drive electromechanical Stewart Platform capture system architecture, along with an innovative automated control scheme, to achieve an unprecedented level of performance and simplicity. Its design implements the new International Docking System Standard, which will be a key enabler of diverse and flexible exploration missions in future iterations. NDS qualification was completed in 2017 to support a planned first flight in 2018 on the Boeing CST-100 Starliner.

NASA Docking System↗

NASA NTRS2019

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Human Factors Engineering Analysis of Various Hatch Sizes and Associated Safety Impacts

The NASA Docking System (NDS) is a 31.5-inch (800-millimeter)-diameter circular hatch for astronauts to pass through when docked to other pressurized elements in space or for surface egress. The NDS is utilized on the Orion Spacecraft and has been implemented as the International Docking System Standard (IDSS). The EV74 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Team at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) conducted human factors analyses with various hatch shapes and sizes to accommodate for all astronaut anthropometries, task comfort, and task safety. The 32-inch hatch is too small and a bigger hatch size would better accommodate most astronauts and prove to be safer for daily pass-throughs. To conduct human factors analyses, four participants were gathered based on anthropometry: 1st female, 5th female, 95th male, and 99th male.

Andrews, Tanya C.↗

NASA NTRS2019

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Human Factors Engineering Analysis of Various Hatch Sizes

The NASA Docking System (NDS) is a 31.4961-inch (800 mm) diameter circular hatch for astronauts to pass through when docked to other pressurized elements in space or for entrance or egress on surface environments. The NDS is utilized on the Orion Spacecraft and has been implemented as the International Docking System Standard (IDSS). The EV74 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Team at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) conducted human factors analyses with various hatch shapes and sizes to accommodate for all astronaut anthropometries and daily task comfort. It is believed that the hatch, approximately 32 inches, is too small, and a bigger hatch size would better accommodate most astronauts. In order to conduct human factors analyses, four participants were gathered based on anthropometry percentiles: 1st female, 5th female, 95th male, and 99th male.

Andrews, Tanya↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

In-Space and Lunar Surface Attachment Systems – Seals

While the IDSS standard is specified to enable androgynous docking resulting in a seal-on-seal (SoS) mated configuration, current docking systems and their seals were not certified to do so. This IRAD project goal is to characterize SoS performance including leak rates, compression loads, and adhesion loads under aligned and misaligned conditions at subscale as an initial step toward androgynous docking certification.

Seals↗

NASA NTRS1974

Mission requirements CSM-111/DM-2 Apollo/Soyuz test project

Test systems are developed for rendezvous and docking of manned spacecraft and stations that are suitable for use as a standard international system. This includes the rendezvous and docking of Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft, and crew transfer. The conduct of the mission will include: (1) testing of compatible rendezvous systems in orbit; (2) testing of universal docking assemblies; (3) verifying the techniques for transfer of cosmonauts and astronauts; (4) performing certain activities by U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. crews in joint flight; and (5) gaining of experience in conducting joint flights by U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. spacecraft, including, in case of necessity, rendering aid in emergency situations.

Blackmer, S. M.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Apollo Soyuz, mission evaluation report

The Apollo Soyuz mission was the first manned space flight to be conducted jointly by two nations - the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The primary purpose of the mission was to test systems for rendezvous and docking of manned spacecraft that would be suitable for use as a standard international system, and to demonstrate crew transfer between spacecraft. The secondary purpose was to conduct a program of scientific and applications experimentation. With minor modifications, the Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft were like those flown on previous missions. However, a new module was built specifically for this mission - the docking module. It served as an airlock for crew transfer and as a structural base for the docking mechanism that interfaced with a similar mechanism on the Soyuz orbital module. The postflight evaluation of the performance of the docking system and docking module, as well as the overall performance of the Apollo spacecraft and experiments is presented. In addition, the mission is evaluated from the viewpoints of the flight crew, ground support operations, and biomedical operations. Descriptions of the docking mechanism, docking module, crew equipment and experiment hardware are given.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2011

ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage

The International Space Station, by nurturing technological development of a variety of pressurized and unpressurized interface mechanisms fosters "competition at the technology level". Such redundancy and diversity allows for the development and testing of mechanisms that might be used for future exploration efforts. The International Space Station, as a test-bed for exploration, has 4 types of pressurized interfaces between elements and 6 unpressurized attachment mechanisms. Lessons learned from the design, test and operations of these mechanisms will help inform the design for a new international standard pressurized docking mechanism for the NASA Docking System. This paper will examine the attachment mechanisms on the ISS and their attributes. It will also look ahead at the new NASA docking system and trace its lineage to heritage mechanisms.

Cook, John G.↗