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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Federal government provision of third-party liability insurance to space vehicle users

Support decisions concerning the provision by the Federal Government of third-party liability insurance for commercial space activities were studied. The practices associated with third-party liability insurance in the marine, aviation, and electric utility industries in addition to those industries associated with space missions were reviewed. Theoretical considerations of rate setting are discussed and a methodology to determine the period of time over which the insurers of each industry intend to set aside reserves to recover from a maximum liability loss should one occur is introduced. The data were analyzed to determine the setaside period in each industry, and to suggest reasonable standards from the insurer's point of view. Criteria for Federal provision of insurance are discussed, an interpretation of the Price-Anderson Act, determinants of the availability of commercial insurance, potential insurer liability, and measures of reasonableness for premium rates from the user's point of view are presented. Options available to the government regarding third part liability protection are presented.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2003

The Carrier's Liability for Damage Caused by Delay in International Air Transport

Delay in the air transport occurs when passengers, baggage or cargo do not arrive at their destination at the time indicated in the contract of carriage. The causes of delay in the carriage of passengers are booking errors or double booking, delayed departure of aircraft, incorrect information regarding the time of departure, failure to land at the scheduled destination and changes in flight schedule or addition of extra landing stops. Delay in the carriage of baggage or cargo may have different causes: no reservation, lack of space, failure to load the baggage or cargo at the right place, or to deliver the covering documents at the right place. The Montreal Convention of 1999 Article 19 provides that 'The carrier is liable for damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of passengers, baggage or cargo. Nevertheless, the carder shall not be liable for damage occasioned by delay if it proves that it and its servants and agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the damage or that it was impossible for it or them to take such measures'. The Montreal Convention Article 22 provides liability limits of the carrier in case of delay for passengers and their baggage and for cargo. In the carriage of persons, the liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to 4,150 SDR. In the carriage of baggage, the liability of the carrier is limited to 1,000 SDR for each passenger unless a special declaration as to the value of the baggage has been made. In the carriage of cargo, the liability of the carrier is limited to 17 SDR per kilogram unless a special declaration as to the value of the cargo has been made. The Montreal Convention Article 19 has shortcomings: it is silent on the duration of the liability for carriage,andit does not make any distinction between persons and good. It does not give any indication concerning the circumstances to be taken into account in cases of delay, and about the length of delay. In conclusion, it is desirable to define the period of carriage with accuracy, and to insert the word 'unreasonable' in Article 19.

Lee, Kang Bin↗
NASA NTRS1979

Managing tort liability risks in the era of the Space Shuttle

A new section, named section 308 on 'Insurance and Indemnification', that was added to the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, is discussed. The reasons behind the NASA proposed section are examined, and its various provisions mentioned, as well as outlining the steps needed to implement these provisions. Attention is given to the tort liability risks and to the various costs that NASA would need to cover in case of liability for death, bodily harm, or damage to property resulting from activities carried on in connection with the landing, operations or recovery of the Space Shuttle. The entire section and its six subsections are presented in two appendices.

Mossinghoff, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Trends in liability affecting technical writers

Liability of technical writers for defective products is explored. Documents generated during a product's life cycle (including design memos, design tests, clinical trials, trial use reports, letters, and proposals) become relevant because they are likely to become the only available means of showing that the product was not defectively designed. These documents become the evidence that the product underwent balanced and well considered planning, development, testing, quality control, and field testing. The predicted increased involvement of technical writers in the prevention and defense of product liability claims is cited in view of a greater number of cases turning on "failure to warn".

Driskill, L. P.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel

Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2024

SMART Task 6: Evaluation of the Costs of Geologic CO2 Storage for the Illinois Basin Decatur Project Site Using the NRAP/SMART Technoeconomic and Liability Evaluation for Storage (TALES) Model

This is a presentation featuring an analysis related to SMART Task 6 in which CO2 storage costs are presented. The National Energy Technology Laboratory has developed the NRAP/SMART Technoeconomic and Liability Evaluation for Storage (TALES) model to provide quantitative cost-based insights to support developers planning CO2 injection and storage projects. TALES calculates the revenues, costs, and financial performance of candidate CO2 saline storage project based on site-specific activity costs and financial parameters. TALES is being integrated as a module pertaining to storage cost as part of the broader SMART Visualization and Decision Support Platform (SVDSP). In this study, the TALES model was applied using real activity cost data associated with the development and operations at the Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP) CO2 storage project site. Scenario analysis was implemented in which crucial operational and cost attributes were varied and the associated cost implications observed. Key results data and project cost summary metrics like first-year breakeven price of CO2 ($/tonne) and net present value (NPV) are presented in similar fashion to how they will appear in the SVDSP.

Vikara, Derek↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transforming Windows from Energy Liabilities to Zero-Energy Assets: Next-Generation Solutions for Buildings

Windows have traditionally contributed to a building's HVAC load, but they can also become a source of net energy gain or even operate as zero-energy components. For heating applications, highly insulating windows can harness more solar heat than the energy lost through them, transforming windows from energy liabilities to assets. Dynamic glazings provide further benefits by regulating solar heat gain, reducing cooling loads in summer and heating demands in winter. This simulation study focuses on developing the next generation of zero-energy windows (ZEW) for residential new construction. Through annual energy simulations across climate zones 1-8, ZEW performance benchmarks were established based on current code-level buildings, and we've identified the regions where meeting ZEW standards are most achievable. This work evaluates both static and dynamic window technologies, assessing their effects on annual energy use and cost. Key findings demonstrate that ZEW performance is achievable across diverse climate zones, with specific regional requirements. Most climate zones from 3-8 can achieve ZEW with specific configurations, while some warm climates (1-2) appear challenging for ZEW implementation. Climate zones 4-6 consistently allow for zero energy window implementation, offering multiple pathways through either static or dynamic window technologies. Colder climate zones (7-8) ZEW products allow for higher SHGC values while requiring low U-values.

Yu, Lili↗
DOE OSTI2023

Task 5: Developing a Tool to Quantify Liability of Geologic Carbon Storage

This talk provides an overview of work being done on NRAP Phase 3 Task 5. Task 5 involves the liability or cost of responding to potential adverse events. The focus of Task 5 is on the cost of responding to potential leakage of CO2 and brine out of the storage formation or induced seismic incidents.

Morgan, David↗
DOE OSTI2021

Diverted Negative Triangularity plasmas on DIII–D: The benefit of high confinement without the liability of an edge pedestal

Diverted discharges at negative triangularity on the DIII-D tokamak sustain normalized confinement and pressure levels typical of standard H-mode scenarios (H 98y,2 ≅1, β N ≅3) without developing an edge pressure pedestal, despite the auxiliary power far exceeding the L → H power threshold expected from conventional scaling laws. The power degradation of confinement is substantially weaker than the ITER-89P scaling, resulting in a confinement factor that improves with increasing auxiliary power. Furthermore, the absence of the edge pedestal is beneficial in several aspects, such as eliminating the need for active mitigation or suppression of edge localized modes, low impurity retention and a reconstructed scrape-off layer heat flux width at the mid-plane that exceeds the ITPA multi-machine scaling law by up to 50%. Together with technological advantages granted by placing the divertor at larger radii, plasmas at Negative Triangularity without an edge pedestal feature both core confinement and power handling characteristics that are potentially suitable for operation in future fusion reactors.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗