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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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Ultrahigh Areal Capacity Holey Graphene Air Cathodes for Li-O2 and Li-CO2 Batteries

Advanced lithium (Li) batteries using gaseous cathode reactants such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)are attractive energy storage platforms because the gases are obtained externally and thus not accounted for in the total battery weight when fully charged.The discharge products at the cathode, typically Li2O2 for Li-O2 batteries and Li2CO3 for Li-CO2 batteries, are insoluble in the electrolyte.Therefore, in order for such batteries to function properly, an “air cathode”,which is a conductive scaffold within the battery cell,is required as a physical location for cathode electrochemical reactions to occur. Prior research has identified many carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene as viable choices for air cathode scaffold, while various metallic and metal-free catalytic systems integrated onto carbon-based air cathodes have been developed to improve the sluggish discharge and charge reactions. For future practical applications, the air cathode must exhibit a usable capacity per unit electrode area, or areal capacity, a critical parameter that has been largely overlooked so far in this field. In order to achieve high areal capacity, the air cathode must exhibit a sufficient amount of accessible void volume per unit electrode area while maintaining the conductive scaffold integrity during the entire electrochemical process. Here we present an ultrathick,holey graphene-based air cathode platform fabricated from a facile dry compression process that exhibits remarkable areal capacity values. Holey graphene is a carbon nanomaterial derived from graphene, but with nanometer sized holes through the nanosheet thickness.The presence of these holes enhances mass transport through electrode thickness and also enables the unique dry-press fabrication process that is not achievable using other carbon scaffold materials.The dry-pressed holey graphene air cathode platform is not only compatible with catalyst incorporation to improve battery reaction kinetics, but also allows for novel engineering of electrode architectures that is not achievable using conventional electrode fabrication approaches.The applications of such highly versatile, ultrahigh areal capacity air cathode platforms to both Li-O2 and Li-CO2 battery chemistries will be discussed.

Li-O2 batteries, Li-CO2 batteries, holey graphene,↗
NASA NTRS2019

Physics-Based Modeling and Simulation of Emerging Battery Technologies for Aerospace

Recently there is a growing interest in the aviation sector to reduce air and noise pollution. Electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries coupled with a distributed electric propulsion system can reduce noise concerns as well as emissions and allow the concept of Urban Air Mobility to come to fruition. The battery performance needs to improve considerably compared from current state-of-art Li-ion battery (about 200Wh/Kg) to realize all-electric passenger jet for short flights (up to 690 miles). NASA is exploring lithium-oxygen battery chemistry to power hybrid (battery powered electrical system) and all-electric aircraft for short distance and long-distance flights. Li-O2 is one of the advanced Li-ion technologies that promise to provide specific energy of more than 750Wh/Kg. For this presentation, we present our work on improving power density of Li-O2 batteries through the use of multiphysics simulations. Next, a path is outlined to port these model to simulate performance for a new battery chemistry for space application, Li-CO2. Li-CO2 uses carbon dioxide as the active material instead of oxygen. Although this technology is in its early development, the offers two benefits: it can be used as a CO2 scrubber, as oxygen is one of the by-products on charging, and as a backup or a standalone battery for various Mars or Venus missions, where the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere is high and need battery to operate at higher temperatures.

Mehta, Mohit↗
NASA NTRS2020

An Ultra-long Life, High-performance, Flexible Li-CO2Battery Based on Multifunctional Carbon Electrocatalysts

Integrating CO2 utilization and renewable energy delivery/storage, the rechargeable Li–CO2 battery has been considered as a promising candidate for next-generation secondary batteries. However, high-performance catalyst(s) for efficient formation and decomposition of the discharge product, Li2CO3, are an imperative part of a Li–CO2 battery. The development of flexible Li–CO2 batteries extends their applications into compliant and wearable devices/systems, but at the same time imposes a big challenge for battery fabrication and lifetime enhancement. In this study, a rechargeable quasi-solidus flexible Li–CO2 battery was designed and fabricated using highly active N,S-doped carbon nanotubes (N,S-doped CNTs) as the cathode catalyst, and a smart polymer gel as the flexible electrolyte. This newly-developed flexible Li–CO2 battery exhibited a capacity as high as 23560 mAh g−1 based on the catalyst mass and an ultra-long lifetime of up to 538 cycles with excellent mechanical flexibility. This work provides a platform for the design and development of high-performance flexible Li–CO2 batteries from low-cost, earth-abundant, carbon-based multifunctional cathode catalysts.

Superior stability↗