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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4SiO4 by Materials Project

Li4SiO4 is Aluminum carbonitride-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO5 square pyramids, corners with four equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.10 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted LiO5 square pyramids that share corners with three equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, edges with five LiO5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.28 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted LiO5 square pyramids that share corners with three equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with five LiO5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.35 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO5 square pyramids, corners with four equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with three LiO5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.03 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiO5 square pyramids, corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with three LiO5 square pyramids. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.67 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi5Si octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLi5Si octahedra, corners with six equivalent OLi3Si tetrahedra, and edges with six OLi5Si octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 14°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi5Si octahedra that share corners with four OLi5Si octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLi3Si tetrahedra, and edges with eight OLi5Si octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 14–29°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi5Si octahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLi5Si octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLi3Si tetrahedra, and edges with nine OLi5Si octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 15–29°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi3Si tetrahedra that share corners with ten OLi5Si octahedra and an edgeedge with one OLi3Si tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 57–68°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4SiO4 by Materials Project

Li4SiO4 is Aluminum carbonitride-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are nineteen inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 18°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.17 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.03 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted LiO5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid, edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.18 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.43 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with five LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.48 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, edges with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–1.99 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–37°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.05 Å. In the tenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.06 Å. In the eleventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.00 Å. In the twelfth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, edges with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with five LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.55 Å. In the thirteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra, edges with four LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.60 Å. In the fourteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. In the fifteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 19–41°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.09 Å. In the sixteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, and edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. In the seventeenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.08 Å. In the eighteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.07 Å. In the nineteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.48 Å. There are seven inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, corners with nine LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.69 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra, corners with seven LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 10–16°. There is one shorter (1.62 Å) and three longer (1.67 Å) Si–O bond length. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with nine LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 22°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.70 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra, corners with nine LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–11°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.61–1.68 Å. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with nine LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 46°. There is three shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.70 Å) Si–O bond length. In the sixth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with eight LiO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LiO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent LiO5 square pyramids, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 7°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.68 Å. In the seventh Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with nine LiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with three LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.69 Å. There are twenty-one inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form OLi3Si tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent OLi5Si octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLi5Si pentagonal pyramids, corners with four OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one OLi5Si pentagonal pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 67°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi3Si trigonal pyramids that share corners with three OLi5Si octahedra and corners with nine OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 66–68°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OLi5Si octahedra, a cornercorner with one OLi3Si tetrahedra, corners with four OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent OLi3Si trigonal pyramids, and edges with two equivalent OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLi5Si octahedra, corners with two equivalent OLi3Si tetrahedra, corners with four OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids, a cornercorner with one OLi3Si trigonal pyramid, and edges with two OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 59°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form OLi3Si tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OLi5Si octahedra and corners with nine OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 69°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLi5Si octahedra, corners with three OLi3Si tetrahedra, corners with four OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OLi5Si pentagonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one OLi4Si trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 28°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi5Si octahedra that share corners with thre

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4SiO4 by Materials Project

Li4SiO4 is Aluminum carbonitride-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.35 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.73 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.64 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.07 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.27 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.41 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.34 Å. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra and corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.10 Å. In the ninth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.11 Å. In the tenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.12 Å. In the eleventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.02 Å. In the twelfth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.27 Å. In the thirteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.43 Å. In the fourteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.41 Å. In the fifteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.17 Å. In the sixteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two equivalent LiO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.13 Å. In the seventeenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.35 Å. In the eighteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.50 Å. In the nineteenth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted LiO5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two LiO4 trigonal pyramids, edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two SiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.14 Å. In the twentieth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.55 Å. In the twenty-first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.17 Å. In the twenty-second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.15 Å. In the twenty-third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.33 Å. In the twenty-fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.13 Å. There are six inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra and edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.63 Å) and two longer (1.67 Å) Si–O bond length. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, and an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.71 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid, edges with two LiO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiO4 trigonal pyramid. There is one shorter (1.62 Å) and three longer (1.65 Å) Si–O bond length. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO5 square pyramid, corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four LiO4 trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one LiO5 square pyramid. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.68 Å. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six LiO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.65–1.67 Å. In the sixth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.69 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi5Si octahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids and an edgeedge with one OLi3Si tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted edge-sharing OLi5Si pentagonal pyramids. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–61°. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLi3Si tetrahedra. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom to form distorted OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OLi3Si tetrahedra and corners with two equivalent OLi4Si trigonal bipyramids. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Li1+ and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four Li1+ and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2008

Solid-State High-Temperature Power Cells

All-solid-state electrochemical power cells have been fabricated and tested in a continuing effort to develop batteries for instruments for use in environments as hot as 500 C. Batteries of this type are needed for exploration of Venus, and could be used on Earth for such applications as measuring physical and chemical conditions in geothermal and oil wells, processing furnaces, and combustion engines. In the state-of-the-art predecessors of the present solid-state power cells, fully packaged molten eutectic salts are used as electrolytes. The molten-salt-based cells can be susceptible to significant amounts of self-discharge and corrosion when used for extended times at elevated temperatures. In contrast, all-solid-state cells such as the present ones are expected to be capable of operating for many days at temperatures up to 500 C, without significant self-discharge. The solid-state cell described here includes a cathode made of FeS2, an electrolyte consisting of a crystalline solid solution of equimolar amounts of Li3PO4 and Li4SiO4, and an anode made of an alloy of Li and Si (see figure). The starting material for making the solid electrolyte is a stoichiometric mixture of Li3PO4, SiO2, and Li3CO2. This mixture is ball-milled, then calcined for two hours at a temperature of 1,100 C, then placed in a die atop the cathode material. Next, the layers in the die are squeezed together at a pressure between 60 and 120 MPa for one hour at a temperature of 600 C to form a unitary structure comprising the solid electrolyte and cathode bonded together. Finally, the lithium-alloy anode is pressure-bonded to the solid electrolyte layer, using an intermediate layer of pure lithium. In one test of a cell of this type, a discharge rate of about 1 mA per gram of cathode material was sustained for 72 hours at a temperature of about 460 C. This is about three times the discharge rate required to support some of the longer duration Venus-exploration mission scenarios.

Whitacre, Jay↗
DOE OSTI2025

Tritium Breeder Composites for Fusion Applications

Due to the short half-life of tritium, all fusion reactors planned for long-term operation using a deuterium-tritium fuel cycle must produce sufficient tritium from reactions outside the core to maintain reactor operation. Typically, the core is surrounded by a tritium breeder blanket filled with lithium-containing materials which react under a neutron flux to form tritium that can then be collected. Here, reactor designers are forced to choose between using chemically reactive liquid breeders (e.g., Pb-Li, FLiBe, Li) or solid breeders, which often have lower lithium concentrations and questionable mechanical integrity under irradiation (e.g., Li4SiO4, Li2TiO3). To expand this pool of options, this work has sought to produce composite tritium breeder materials using lithium-containing ceramics and metal reinforcements. The resultant composite tritium breeders simultaneously feature higher lithium densities and improved mechanical integrity, including tensile strength and toughness, compared to other tritium breeders previously reported in literature.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗