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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MgSO4 by Materials Project

MgSO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.30 Å. S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–53°. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.51 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mg2+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Mg2+ and one S6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Mg2+ and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MgSO4 by Materials Project

MgSO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent MgO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.03 Å) and four longer (2.18 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–53°. There is two shorter (1.47 Å) and two longer (1.51 Å) S–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Mg2+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Mg2+ and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Switchable Charge Storage Mechanism via in Situ Activation of MXene Enables High Capacitance and Stability in Aqueous Electrolytes

The need for reliable renewable energy storage devices has become increasingly important. However, the performance of current electrochemical energy storage devices is limited by either low energy or power densities and short lifespans. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of multilayer Ti 4 N 3 T x MXene in various aqueous electrolytes. We demonstrate that Ti 4 N 3 T x can be electrochemically activated through continuous cation intercalation over a 10 day period using cyclic voltammetry. A wide operating window of 2 V is maintained throughout activation. After activation, capacitance at 2 mV s -1 increases by 300%, 140%, and 500% in 1 M H2SO4, 1 M MgSO4, and 1 M KOH, respectively, while maintaining ~600 F g -1 at 2 mV s–1 after 50000 cycles in 1 M H 2 SO 4 . This activation process is possibly attributed to the unique morphology of the multilayered material, allowing cation intercalation to increase access to redox-active sites between layers. This work adds to the growing repository of electrochemically stable MXenes reported for aqueous energy storage applications. These findings offer a reliable option for reliable energy storage devices with potential applications in large-scale grid storage and electric vehicles.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗