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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2022

Multi-service battery energy storage system optimization and control

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have become fundamental part of modern power systems due to their capability to provide multiple grid services. As the renewable penetration increases, BESS procurement is also expected to increase where it is envisioned to play a systematic and strategical role in power systems planning and operation. Hence, in this paper we present a multiple grid service procurement and operation for BESS - ranging from energy arbitrage, reserve/regulation services, power factor correction, and demand management. The proposed framework considers an optimal multi-temporal dimension, designed to be operable for both planning and real-time operation. Moreover, non-linearity inherent to BESS services and uncertainty associated to market forecasts variables are addressed using techniques such as polyhedral norms and robust optimization approaches. Here, the developed model is tested using a utility-scaled BESS and the obtained results show the effectiveness of the systematic BESS multi-service planning and operation approach.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Agent-Based Simulation of Price-Demand Dynamics in Multi-Service Charging Station

As the adoption of electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles grows, understanding how dynamic pricing strategies influence charging and refueling behaviors becomes crucial for optimizing local energy markets. This paper proposes a simulation-based analysis of a hydrogen-electricity integrated charging station that serves both types of vehicles. A multi-agent simulation framework is developed to model the interactions between vehicles and the station, incorporating price- and delay-sensitive behaviors in decision-making. The station can dynamically adjust energy prices, while vehicles optimize their charging or refueling choices based on their utility values. A series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate how electricity pricing, infrastructure capacity, and waiting behavior impact station performance. Results highlight that moderate electricity prices maximize user participation without sacrificing profit, infrastructure should be right-sized to demand to avoid over- or underutilization, and delay-toleration also affects service outcomes, which may reach the maximum service coverage at the threshold of 45 minutes.

Wang, Xudong [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (↗
DOE OSTI2023

Evaluating the Risk of Enabling Energy Storage Systems to Provide Multiple Services

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are emerging as a promising, versatile technology for modern power grids due to their inherent distributed nature, their ability to inject bidirectional power flows and to provide multiple grid services. With the proliferation of intermittent renewable energy resources, the BESS procurement is also expected to increase, thereby creating systematic and strategic opportunities for BESS to various revenue streams for providing multiple grid services. Utilizing a co-simulation architecture, this work presents evaluation framework for enabling Utility-scale BESS with simultaneous provision of multiple services. The proposed framework is implemented on a real-life feeder modeled in GridLAB-D, leveraging multi-service grid support. A Risk-Aware control strategy is also implemented in this work that that takes into account the uncertain nature of some of the stochastic services and ensures the BESS to deliver their service commitments. This promotes overall grid reliability and encourages BESS implementation through the revenue streams from providing multiple grid services.

Theisen, John↗