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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Prevalence, diagnosis and outcome of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in The Netherlands

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the accuracy and timing of diagnosis of fetal cleft lip with or without cleft palate ( CL ± P) in the years following the introduction of a national screening program, and to assess the completeness and accuracy of information in The Netherlands Perinatal Registry. Methods A list was obtained of cases with a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of CL ± P from two fetal medicine units between 2008 and 2012. All cases of CL ± P were included irrespective of the presence or absence of additional anomalies. Cases were included if the estimated date of delivery was between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012. Results During the study period, 330 cases of CL ± P were identified, with a prevalence of 15 per 10 000 pregnancies. The number of cases that were detected before 24 weeks' gestation increased during the study period, while the rate of termination of pregnancy did not change significantly ( P = 0.511). CL ± P was isolated in 217 (66%) cases and karyotype was abnormal in 69 (21%) cases. In 5% of the cases in which CL ± P seemed to be isolated during the 18–23‐week anomaly scan, postnatal array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐ CGH ) revealed an abnormal karyotype and 50% of these cases had major additional anomalies. Examination of data from The Netherlands Perinatal Registry demonstrated that in 37% of cases CL ±P was not recorded in the pregnancy records. Conclusion CL ± P is increasingly being diagnosed prenatally, without a significant effect on the rate of pregnancy termination. Further improvement in the diagnostic accuracy may be achieved by advocating prenatal array‐ CGH to reduce the frequency of unexpected anomalies being diagnosed after birth. It is important that healthcare providers register accurately the presence or absence of anomalies in the birth records to ensure that, in the future, data from The Netherlands Perinatal Registry can be relied upon to monitor prevalence. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fleurke‐Rozema, J. H.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Periprocedural Prophylactic Antithrombotic Strategies in Interventional Radiology: Current Practice in the Netherlands and Comparison with the United Kingdom

Purpose: The use of prophylactic antithrombotic drugs to prevent arterial thrombosis during the periprocedural period during (percutaneous) peripheral arterial interventions (PAIs) is still a matter of dispute, and clear evidence-based guidelines are lacking. To create those guidelines, a study group was formed in the Netherlands in cooperation with the Dutch Society of Vascular Surgery and the Society of Interventional Radiology. The study group is called 'Consensus on Arterial PeriProcedural Anticoagulation (CAPPA).' Materials and Methods: The CAPPA study group devised and distributed a comprehensive questionnaire amongst Dutch interventional radiologists (IRs). Results: One hundred forty-two IRs responded (68 %) to the questionnaire. Almost no IR stopped acetyl salicylic acid before interventions, and 40 % stopped clopidogrel before PAI but not before carotid artery stenting (CAS). A flushing solution on the sideport of the sheath was used routinely by 30 % of IRs in PAI and by 50 % of IRs during CAS. A minority of IRs used a heparinised flushing solution (28 %). Unfractionated heparin was used by 95 % of IRs as bolus; 5000 IU was the most used dosage. Timing of administration varied widely. A majority of IRs (75 %) repeated heparin administration after 1 h. Conclusion: A substantial variety exists amongst IRs in the Netherlands regarding the use of prophylactic periprocedural antithrombotic drugs to prevent arterial thrombosis during PAI. When compared with varying results regarding the use of heparin in the United Kingdom, the variety in the Netherlands showed a different pattern. The proven variety in these countries, and also between these countries, emphasises the need for authoritative studies to develop evidence-based practical guidelines.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Climatic factors and long-term trends of influenza-like illness rates in The Netherlands, 1970–2016

Highlights: • We studied the link between climatic factors and influenza-like illness (ILI) rate. • In the Netherlands, ILI rates dropped during 1970–2003, then started to rise again. • Weekly ILI count was inversely associated with humidity and temperature. • The early 2000s were a trend-reversal point for the climatic time series as well. • Seasonal average ILI rates and humidity (or temperature) were inversely correlated. Climatic factors affect the survival and transmissibility of respiratory viruses causing influenza-like illness (ILI), and we hypothesized that changes in absolute humidity and temperature may affect long-term trends of ILI incidence rate in temperate countries. We tested this hypothesis using ILI and meteorological time series in the Netherlands for the period 1970–2016.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Evaluation of the Netherlands' International Test Facility for Smart Grids

The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland, or RVO) engaged the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for two primary purposes: to evaluate the International Test Facility for Smart Grids (ITF) sponsored by RVO and to learn best practices for integrated test facilities from NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF). This report covers the ITF evaluation and is largely based on a one-week visit to the Netherlands in November 2014.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES) Projects in Germany and the Netherlands—Review and Lessons Learned

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is a concept that can help to address heating and cooling needs through the use of the subsurface as a seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) system. Over 2800 ATES systems have been deployed with storage temperatures typically below 25 °C and only a few with higher temperatures (>40 °C), which would increase the energy density and utility of the stored thermal fluids. Until now, only a few high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) projects have been initiated and are still in operation. These HT-ATES projects have encountered a range of technical and non-technical challenges. This study reviews ten such projects: four in Germany and six in the Netherlands. The non-technical issues include public acceptance, a lack of regulatory framework for these systems, managing overlapping uses of the subsurface, managing changes with the providers and off-takers of thermal energy, and obtaining financing to implement these projects. Common technical issues include geological factors such as incomplete characterization of the subsurface and reservoir heterogeneity; geochemical issues such as mineral scaling, corrosion, and biofouling; lower than expected thermal recovery; and issues with system design and reliability. This review highlights benefits and challenges faced by HT-ATES projects with the goal to use the lessons learned to improve the siting, design, development, and operation of such systems. Recommendations include improved initial subsurface site characterization, use of coupled process models to optimize system design and predict system performance, cascaded uses of stored thermal energy to better utilize the stored heat, monitoring networks to provide feedback on system performance, and expanded system scale to allow for continued operation even when maintenance of some system components is required. Techno-economic modeling and risk analysis could be used to optimize such HT-ATES project design and identify key factors that will affect sustained economic viability. In addition, design flexibility is important for these systems to allow for changing conditions regarding the supply and demand of thermal energy. Adopting these findings should improve the performance and reduce the risks for future HT-ATES projects worldwide.

15 - GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Induced seismicity red-light thresholds for enhanced geothermal prospects in the Netherlands

Prospects for geothermal energy in the Netherlands have renewed concerns around induced earthquakes. Risks from induced earthquakes are managed by traffic light protocols (TLPs), where the red-light is chosen as the stop-point before exceeding a tolerance to risk. Here, we simulate post-shut-in earthquake scenarios based on realistic information for the Netherlands. We focus on three risk metrics: aggregates like nuisance and damage impacts and also local personal risk (LPR) – a likelihood of building collapse fatality for an individual. Our results show that the severity of these risks varies spatially by orders of magnitude. Prior induced seismicity (e.g., the 2012 Huizinge event) provides a reference baseline to calibrate the Dutch earthquake risk tolerances. We find that these calibrated risk tolerances are similar to those observed in North America, suggesting an underlying sociological ‘license to operate.’ Furthermore, the use of calibrated risk tolerances results in nuisance concerns completely eclipsing the other two metrics. We compare our results to a hypothetical Groningen geothermal operation and find that our approach sets red-light thresholds approximately one magnitude unit below the ML 3.6 Huizinge event. Overall, our results provide a first-order recommendation for red-light thresholds and proactive management of Dutch enhanced geothermal induced seismicity.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Social impacts of earthquakes caused by gas extraction in the Province of Groningen, The Netherlands

Gas extraction from the Groningen gasfield in the northern Netherlands has led to localised earthquakes which are projected to become more severe. The social impacts experienced by local residents include: damage to property; declining house prices; concerns about the chance of dykes breaking; feelings of anxiety and insecurity; health issues; and anger. These social and emotional impacts are exacerbated by the increasing distrust Groningen people have towards the national government and the gas company, NAM, a partnership between Shell and ExxonMobil. The earthquakes have reopened discussions about the distribution of benefits from gas production and the extent to which benefits are retained locally. Mitigation of the impacts is attempted, but the lack of trust decreases the effectiveness of the mitigation measures. The extent of this experience of previously-unforeseen, unanticipated impacts suggests that a new social and environmental impact assessment needs to be undertaken, and a new Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) and Impacts and Benefits Agreement (IBA) developed, so that the project can regain its legitimacy and social licence to operate. In addition to conventional gas, this paper has wider relevance for unconventional gas developments, for example shale gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing methods (fracking). - Highlights: • Gas production in Groningen has caused over 1000 earthquakes. • The induced seismicity has caused many social impacts. • Impacts include building damage, reduced house prices, fear and health issues. • Mitigation measures attempted to date are inadequate. • Distrust towards the national government and operator hinders mitigation efforts. • Gas production in Groningen has lost its social licence to operate.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Landfill reduction experience in The Netherlands

Highlights: • ‘Zero waste’ initiatives never consider risks, side effects or experience of achieved low levels of landfill. • This paper provides insight into what works and what not. • Where strong gradients in regulations and tax occur between countries, waste will find its way to landfills across borders. • Strong landfill reduction can create a fierce competition over the remaining waste to be landfilled resulting in losses. • At some point a public organisation should take responsibility for the operation of a ‘safety net’ in waste management. - Abstract: Modern waste legislation aims at resource efficiency and landfill reduction. This paper analyses more than 20 years of landfill reduction in the Netherlands. The combination of landfill regulations, landfill tax and landfill bans resulted in the desired landfill reduction, but also had negative effects. A fierce competition developed over the remaining waste to be landfilled. In 2013 the Dutch landfill industry generated €40 million of annual revenue, had €58 million annual costs and therefore incurred an annual loss of €18 million. It is not an attractive option to prematurely end business. There is a risk that Dutch landfill operators will not be able to fulfil the financial obligations for closure and aftercare. Contrary to the polluter pays principle the burden may end up with society. EU regulations prohibiting export of waste for disposal are in place. Strong differentials in landfill tax rate between nations have nevertheless resulted in transboundary shipment of waste and in non-compliance with the self-sufficiency and proximity principles. During the transformation from a disposal society to a recycling society, it is important to carefully plan required capacity and to guide the reorganisation of the landfill sector. At some point, it is no longer profitable to provide landfill services. It may be necessary for public organisations or the state to take responsibility for the continued operation of a ‘safety net’ in waste management. Regulations have created a financial incentive to pass on the burden of monitoring and controlling the impact of waste to future generations. To prevent this, it is necessary to revise regulations on aftercare and create incentives to actively stabilise landfills.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Natural time and nowcasting induced seismicity at the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands

The Groningen gas field in the Netherlands has a significant level of induced seismicity; this seismicity is attributed to fluid withdrawal not fluid injection. This is one of the most productive gas fields in Europe. Production began in 1963 and the first induced earthquake occurred in 1991. Increasing levels of seismicity led to the installation of a sensitive seismic network in 1995 with a minimum magnitude completeness of $M$ ≥ 1.5. The largest induced earthquake was a magnitude 3.6 in 2012, which caused thousands of damage claims and led to a reduction in gas production in 2014 January. In our work, we show that the induced earthquakes satisfy Gutenberg–Richter (GR) frequency–magnitude statistics over the range 1.5 ≤ $M$ ≤ 3.0. We utilize truncated GR scaling to introduce a possible maximum earthquake with $M$ = 3.85. We also demonstrate an almost complete absence of aftershocks following the largest induced earthquakes. To quantify the temporal evolution of the induced seismicity, we perform our nowcasting method. Nowcasting uses the catalogue of seismicity in the region. Two earthquake magnitudes are selected, one large say $M_λ$ ≥ 2.5, and one small say $M_σ$ ≥ 1.5. The method utilizes the number of small earthquakes that occur between pairs of large earthquakes. A major advantage of nowcasting is that it relies on ‘natural time’, earthquake counts, between events rather than clock time. Thus, the results are applicable to induced seismicity that varies in time. We count the rate of occurrence of small induced earthquakes to nowcast the probability of occurrence of larger earthquakes.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Adjuvant Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump Chemotherapy After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: Results of a Safety and Feasibility Study in The Netherlands

Background: The 10-year overall survival with adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) was 61% in clinical trials from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. A pilot study was performed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of adjuvant HAIP chemotherapy in patients with resectable CRLMs. Study Design: A phase II study was performed in two centers in The Netherlands. Patients with resectable CRLM without extrahepatic disease were eligible. All patients underwent complete resection and/or ablation of CRLMs and pump implantation. Safety was determined by the 90-day HAIP-related postoperative complications from the day of pump placement (Clavien–Dindo classification, grade III or higher) and feasibility by the successful administration of the first cycle of HAIP chemotherapy. Results: A total of 20 patients, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range [IQR] 51–64) were included. Grade III or higher HAIP-related postoperative complications were found in two patients (10%), both of whom had a reoperation (without laparotomy) to replace a pump with a slow flow rate or to reposition a flipped pump. No arterial bleeding, arterial dissection, arterial thrombosis, extrahepatic perfusion, pump pocket hematoma, or pump pocket infections were found within 90 days after surgery. After a median of 43 days (IQR 29–52) following surgery, all patients received the first dose of HAIP chemotherapy, which was completed uneventfully in all patients. Conclusion: Pump implantation is safe, and administration of HAIP chemotherapy is feasible, in patients with resectable CRLMs, after training of a dedicated multidisciplinary team.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of obstacle modelling approaches for resource assessment and small wind turbine siting: case study in the northern Netherlands

Abstract. Growth in adoption of distributed wind turbines for energy generation is significantly impacted by challenges associated with siting and accurate estimation of the wind resource. Small turbines, at hub heights of 40 m or less, are greatly impacted by terrestrial obstacles such as built structures and vegetation that can cause complex wake effects. While some progress in high-fidelity complex fluid dynamics (CFD) models has increased the potential accuracy for modelling the impacts of obstacles on turbulent wind flow, these models are too computationally expensive for practical siting and resource assessment applications. To understand the efficacy of available models in situ, this study evaluates classic and commonly used methods alongside new state-of-the-art lower-order models derived from CFD simulations and machine learning approaches. This evaluation is conducted using a subset of an extensive original dataset of measurements from more than 300 operational wind turbines in the northern Netherlands. The results show that data-driven methods (e.g. machine learning and statistical modelling) are most effective at predicting production at real sites with an average error in annual energy production of 2.5 %. When sufficient data may not be available de novo to support these data-driven approaches, models derived from high-fidelity simulations show promise and reliably outperform classic methods. On average these models have 6.3 %–11.5 % error compared with 26 % for classic methods and 27 % baseline error for reanalysis data without obstacle correction. While more performant on average, these methods are also sensitive to the quality of obstacle descriptions and reanalysis inputs.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Bisphenol and phthalate concentrations and its determinants among pregnant women in a population-based cohort in the Netherlands, 2004–5

Highlights: • Bisphenol S and F exposure was prevalent among pregnant women as early as 2004–5. • Nutritional determinants were not associated with bisphenol or phthalate levels. • Adverse lifestyle factors seem to be associated with higher phthalate levels.women Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates in pregnancy may lead to adverse health effects in women themselves and their offspring.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Land use regression models for the oxidative potential of fine particles (PM2.5) in five European areas

Highlights: • OP moderately correlated (r ~.6) with PM{sub 2.5} mass, NO{sub 2}, and elemental constituents. • OP{sup AA} and OP{sup GSH} LUR models were developed and evaluated for five areas. • Three reasonably performing (R{sup 2}: .45–.58) OP{sup AA} LUR models in hold-out validation. • OP{sup GSH} models were not robust to new coefficients derived against sub-samples of sites. Oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is proposed as a biologically-relevant exposure metric for studies of air pollution and health. We aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of the OP of measured PM{sub 2.5} using ascorbate (AA) and (reduced) glutathione (GSH), and develop land use regression (LUR) models to explain this spatial variability. We estimated annual average values (m{sup −3}) of OP{sup AA} and OP{sup GSH} for five areas (Basel, CH; Catalonia, ES; London-Oxford, UK (no OP{sup GSH}); the Netherlands; and Turin, IT) using PM{sub 2.5} filters. OP{sup AA} and OP{sup GSH} LUR models were developed using all monitoring sites, separately for each area and combined-areas. The same variables were then used in repeated sub-sampling of monitoring sites to test sensitivity of variable selection; new variables were offered where variables were excluded (p > .1). On average, measurements of OP{sup AA} and OP{sup GSH} were moderately correlated (maximum Pearson's maximum Pearson's R = = .7) with PM{sub 2.5} and other metrics (PM{sub 2.5}absorbance, NO{sub 2}, Cu, Fe). HOV (hold-out validation) R{sup 2} for OP{sup AA} models was .21, .58, .45, .53, and .13 for Basel, Catalonia, London-Oxford, the Netherlands and Turin respectively. For OP{sup GSH}, the only model achieving at least moderate performance was for the Netherlands (R{sup 2} = .31). Combined models for OP{sup AA} and OP{sup GSH} were largely explained by study area with weak local predictors of intra-area contrasts; we therefore do not endorse them for use in epidemiologic studies. Given the moderate correlation of OP{sup AA} with other pollutants, the three reasonably performing LUR models for OP{sup AA} could be used independently of other pollutant metrics in epidemiological studies.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Impact of Dutch nuclear fuel cycle scenarios on radionuclide inventory intended for disposal - 15201

One of the main subjects of Dutch five-year research program into geological disposal of radioactive waste, OPERA, is the post-closure radiological safety assessment. Reliable estimates of the radionuclide inventory and matrix composition are an important input for the safety assessment. The amounts and categories of waste foreseen to be disposed in 2130 the Netherlands have been compiled by the Dutch waste management organisation COVRA. Additionally, NRG has made a characterisation of the waste (radionuclides and matrix). This reference inventory is based on the Dutch base nuclear energy scenario of operating the Dutch single reactor, the Borssele NPP, until its presently scheduled shut-down in 2033. However, changes in the presently adopted nuclear fuel cycle strategy in the Netherlands may impact both the quantities of generated radioactive waste and its composition, and therefore the source term of the radiological safety assessment. To get a grip on this uncertainty a set of alternative future fuel cycle scenarios in the Netherlands, which are in compliance with scenarios formulated in the Dutch vision documents, has been considered and evaluated. The scenarios have been analysed with the computer code DANESS, 'Dynamic Analysis of Nuclear Energy System Strategies'. The result of the DANESS analyses concerns the amount and type of the radioactive waste to be finally disposed in a deep geological repository. This also includes the inventories of the individual radionuclides that are relevant for the post-closure safety assessment to be performed in a subsequent stage of the OPERA program. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗