The global radiation balance of the earth atmosphere system obtained from radiation data of the meteorological satellite Nimbus II
Global radiation balance of earth-atmosphere system obtained from Nimbus satellite data
SOLAR RADIATION OBSERVATION↗
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The Nimbus satellite program.
Nimbus satellite joint government-industry-science program, noting meteorological and space technology applications
Haley, R. L.↗
The Nimbus satellite system
Nimbus weather satellite as laboratory for sensors collecting data for global weather system, describing launching, attitude control systems and cameras
Weiland, S.↗
The Nimbus satellite system: Remote sensing R&D platform of the 70's
Originally conceived to be the future operational weather satellite, the Nimbus series of seven satellites became the work horse and experimental backbone of the NASA/NOAA space research program. Early problems in developing the attitude control system and proving its operational characteristics in the simulated space environment are discussed. The program proved itself many times over; contributing substantially to the scientific knowledge of atmospherics and weather. As application/research vehicles, the seven Nimbus spacecraft were used for the development, test and application of a variety of new and advanced meteorological and geophysical remote sensing instruments and associated data transmission and processing techniques.
Haas, I. S.↗
The Process of Bringing Dark Data to Light: The Rescue of the Early Nimbus Satellite Data
Myriad environmental satellite missions are currently orbiting the earth. The comprehensive monitoring by these sensors provide scientists, policymakers, and the public critical information on the earths weather and climate system. The state of the art technology of our satellite monitoring system is the legacy of the first environment satellites, the Nimbus systems launched by NASA in the mid-1960s. Such early data can extend our climate record and provide important context in longer-term climate changes. However, the data was stowed away and, over the years, largely forgotten. It was nearly lost before its value was recognized and attempts to recover the data were undertaken. This paper covers what it took the authors to recover, navigate and reprocess the data into modern formats so that it could be used as a part of the satellite climate record. The procedures to recover the Nimbus data, from both film and tape, could be used by other data rescue projects, however the algorithms presented will tend to be Nimbus specific. Data rescue projects are often both difficult and time consuming but the data they bring back to the science community makes these efforts worthwhile.
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The Nimbus Satellite System - Remote sensing R&D platform of the 70's
In surveying the Nimbus series, attention is given to the early problems encountered in developing the Attitude Control System and in proving its operational characteristics in a simulated space environment. A table summarizing the experiments carried out with Nimbus satellites is included. Data from the Nimbus satellites are being used in oceanography, hydrology, geology, geomorphology, geography, cartography, agriculture, and meteorology.
Haas, I. S.↗
Remarks on cloud mapping by the meteorological satellites Nimbus I and Nimbus II
Cloud mapping by Nimbus I and II high resolution radiometers
NIMBUS SATELLITE↗
Geological material discrimination from Nimbus satellite data
An analysis was made of Nimbus satellite data to determine its suitability in determining the physical properties of surface materials. Attempts were also made to use these data in developing analytical techniques for handling data from other earth resources and meteorological satellites.
Pohn, H. A.↗
The nimbus satellite communication system.
Basic components of communication systems and subsystems of nimbus meteorological satellite
METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE↗
Nimbus satellite infrared spectrometer experiment
Nimbus 3 and 4 satellites IR grating spectrometers for remote sensing of vertical temperature and humidity profiles of stratosphere and troposphere near Philippines
Anderson, S. P.↗
The use of Nimbus satellites for measurements of atmospheric ozone over polar areas.
Nimbus satellites and occultation method used to measure solar radiation and ozone vertical distribution over polar regions
Duardo, J. A.↗
Meteorological research satellites - Nimbus D.
Nimbus D meteorological satellite construction, control system, orbit, etc
Porter, R. W.↗
Climatological studies of the earth's radiation budget and its variability with measurements of the satellite Nimbus 3
Measurements of emitted long-wave radiation and reflected solar radiation were obtained over the entire globe from the meteorological satellite Nimbus III during 10 semimonthly periods of 1969 and 1970 covering a full annual cycle. Analyses of these measurements resulted in values for various scales for the radiation balance, the planetary albedo, and the outgoing long-wave radiation flux, and in geographical distributions of their averages and parameters describing their variability. Some examples obtained from measurements during the semimonthly period from 1-15 July 1969 are presented. They show the value of quantitative radiometric measurements as climatological descriptors as well as for studies of atmospheric energetics.
Raschke, E.↗
Observations of the intensity and variability of the near ultraviolet solar flux from the Nimbus III satellite
Nimbus 3 satellite observations of near UV solar flux intensity and variability, describing instrumentation and measurement of radiation producing molecular oxygen photodissociation
Heath, D. F.↗
Flight-proven mechanisms on the Nimbus weather satellite
Nimbus weather satellites mechanical devices and subsystems, including solar array drive, fluid thermal control sensors, horizon scanners and hydraulic dampers
Charp, S.↗
Summary report on the Nimbus II satellite.
Nimbus 2 meteorological satellite observations, discussing circulation associated with synoptic scale systems obtained by correlating water vapor and carbon dioxide pictures
Nordberg, W.↗
Observation of total irradiance variability from Nimbus satellites
The cavity pyrheliometer sensor aboard Nimbus 7 is now in its tenth year of operation. Results for 9 1/2 years show a decreasing trend through the end of solar cycle 21 of approximately -0.015 percent per year, a leveling off near solar minimum and an increasing irradiance for the beginning of cycle 22. Through April 1988, the irradiance has increased about 0.06 percent above the minimum value which was about 0.08 percent below the highest values obtained near solar maximum. The rise appears more rapid than the decline.
Hickey, J. R.↗
The Nimbus satellites - Pioneering earth observers
The many scientific achievements of the Nimbus series of seven satellites for low-altitude atmospheric research and global weather surveillance are reviewed. The series provides information on fishery resources, weather modeling, atmospheric pollution monitoring, earth's radiation budget, ozone monitoring, ocean dynamics, and the effects of cloudiness. Data produced by the forty-eight instruments and sensors flown on the satellites are applied in the fields of oceanography, hydrology, geology, geomorphology, geography, cartography, agriculture and meteorology. The instruments include the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (which depicts phytoplankton concentrations in coastal areas), the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (which measures sea-surface temperatures and sea-surface wind-speed), and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (which provides information on total amounts of ozone in the earth's atmosphere).
White, Carolynne↗