Nuclear Force Imprints Revealed on the Elastic Scattering of Protons with C 10
Not Available
Kumar, A.↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “NUCLEAR FORCES”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics: A Collection of Perspectives
This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute for Nuclear Theory’s Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. Please note the contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics -- a collection of perspectives
This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute of Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Probing the QCD origin of Nuclear Forces at JLab12 \& EIC
We review several directions of studies of QCD origin of nuclear forces at EIC. The main emphasis is given to the studies that will be initiated within the 12 GeV fixed target program of the Jefferson Lab and will be continued at EIC energies and collider kinematics. Such studies include the probing QCD content of the NN repulsive core, the role of the gluons in the formation of nuclear forces at short distances, hidden-color component of the nuclear wave function, the dynamics of the quark - hadron transition and hadronization in deep-inelastic semi-inclusive processes involving nuclear targets. We demonstrate how the collider kinematics provide an unprecedented advantage in tagging high momentum components of the nuclear wave function at momenta that are currently considered inaccessible. Utilizing these kinematics we present the theoretical estimates of the several key processes and emphasize their discovery power in probing different aspects of the QCD dynamics of the nuclear forces at short distances.
Sargsian, Misak↗
Short-range components of nuclear forces: Experiment versus mythology
The present-day situation around the description of various (central, spin-orbit, and tensor) components of short-range nuclear forces is discussed. A traditional picture of these interactions based on the idea of one-meson exchange is contrasted against numerous results of recent experiments. As is shown in the present study, these results often deviate strongly from the predictions of traditional models. One can therefore state that such models are inapplicable to describing short-range nuclear forces and that it is necessary to go over from a traditional description to some alternative QCD-based (or QCD-motivated) picture. This means that, despite the widespread popularity of traditional concepts of short-range nuclear forces and their applicability in many particular cases, these concepts are not more than scientific myths that show their inconsistency when analyzed from the viewpoint of the modern experiment.
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
The Strong Nuclear Force
Scientists are aware of four fundamental forces- gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. Most people have at least some familiarity with gravity and electromagnetism, but not the other two. How is it that scientists are so certain that two additional forces exist? In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains why scientists are so certain that the strong force exists.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Ab initio predictions link the neutron skin of 208 Pb to nuclear forces
Heavy atomic nuclei have an excess of neutrons over protons, which leads to the formation of a neutron skin whose thickness is sensitive to details of the nuclear force. This links atomic nuclei to properties of neutron stars, thereby relating objects that differ in size by orders of magnitude. The nucleus 208 Pb is of particular interest because it exhibits a simple structure and is experimentally accessible. However, computing such a heavy nucleus has been out of reach for ab initio theory. By combining advances in quantum many-body methods, statistical tools and emulator technology, we make quantitative predictions for the properties of 208 Pb starting from nuclear forces that are consistent with symmetries of low-energy quantum chromodynamics. We explore 10 9 different nuclear force parameterizations via history matching, confront them with data in select light nuclei and arrive at an importance-weighted ensemble of interactions. We accurately reproduce bulk properties of 208 Pb and determine the neutron skin thickness, which is smaller and more precise than a recent extraction from parity-violating electron scattering but in agreement with other experimental probes. This work demonstrates how realistic two- and three-nucleon forces act in a heavy nucleus and allows us to make quantitative predictions across the nuclear landscape.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
The Weak Nuclear Force: Quantum Chameleon
Radioactive decay is the transmutation of one subatomic particle into another. In most instances, what happens is that existing particles move to new configurations. However in radioactive decays using the weak force, a particular kind of particle disappears and is replaced by a completely different particle. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln talks about how it all works and even describes a type of decay that has never been observed and, if it were observed, it would require the textbooks be rewritten.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Modernization of US Nuclear Forces: Costs in Perspective
This short research paper addresses two topics that have emerged in the debate about whether, when, and how to modernize U.S. nuclear forces.1 The first topic relates to the size and scale of the planned nuclear force, with some critics of the modernization plan arguing that the United States is simply replicating the Cold War force for a very different era. The second topic relates to the cost of the modernization effort, with some critics arguing that the cost is unaffordable.2 This paper begins with a review of the changes in the size and scale of U.S. nuclear forces since the Cold War. It then examines the expected costs of modernization in a comparative perspective.
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
Nuclear forces
These lectures present an introduction into the theory of nuclear forces. We focus mainly on the modern approach, in which the forces between nucleons emerge from low-energy QCD via chiral effective field theory.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
User Guide for the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center Dust Cloud Calculator V.1.0
The Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center (AFNWC) Dust Cloud Calculator is a Java™ application that can calculate the dust loading and radiation dose for an aircraft or cruise missile flying through a dust cloud created by a nuclear detonation. The dust cloud model is based upon the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) dust cloud and fallout model. The AFIT model uses a combination of algorithms from the Weapons System Evaluation Group (WSEG) model 10 fallout code, the Defense Land Fallout Interpretive Code (DELFIC), and algorithms developed at AFIT to calculate the nuclear dust cloud.
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
History of and Aftermath from the Withdrawal of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
On February 1, 2019, the United States and Russia withdrew from the three-decades old Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty. Events precipitating the withdrawal were allegations by both the United States and Russia of a variety of treaty violations. Until that point, the treaty had been a centerpiece of arms control and a key agreement of the global security architecture. The absence of such a pillar has the potential destabilize the status quo of arms control, creating significant uncertainty in global nuclear stability and security. In this paper, we present a historical review as overture to an analysis on the impacts of this development on force structure. This analysis examines the changes in U.S., Russian, and Chinese nuclear forces which may occur as a result of the treaty's demise. The article concludes with commentary on potential actions to preserve stability in a post-INF world.
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
Some effects of nuclear forces on neutron star models
Composite equations of state for determining effects of nuclear forces on neutron star models
NEUTRON STAR↗
The effects of nuclear forces on the maximum mass limit of neutron stars
Nuclear forces effects on maximum mass limit of neutron stars models using V gamma type potentials
Tsuruta, S.↗
Effects of nuclear forces on ion thermalization in high-temperature plasmas
A number of investigations have been concerned with the kinetic theory and processes associated with a relativistic electron gas. Gould (1981) has considered a condition in which upon the ultimate thermalization the temperature can be such that the electron gas is highly relativistic while the gas of protons and other ions is nonrelativistic. With the nuclear component nonrelativistic but having energies in the MeV range and above, it is necessary to consider the effects of nuclear forces in the scattering of the ions in their thermalization. The effects of nuclear forces in the thermalization of ions in plasmas have been computed, principally in connection with problems of controlle; fusion. The present investigation is concerned with an attempt to express results in analytic form to as great a degree as possible. The p-p problem, which is the fundamental problem in astrophysical plasma, is studied. Attention is given to a low-energy formulation, the s-wave phase shift, the effective stopping number, Fokker-Planck operators, and the interaction with the electron gas.
Gould, R. J.↗
Recent advances in chiral EFT based nuclear forces and their applications
During the past two decades, chiral effective field theory has evolved into a powerful tool to derive nuclear forces from first principles. Nearly all two-nucleon interactions have been worked out up to sixth order of chiral perturbation theory, while, with few exceptions, three-nucleon forces, which play a subtle, but crucial role in microscopic nuclear structure calculations, have been derived up to fifth order. We review the current status of these forces as well as their applications in nuclear many-body systems. While the ab initio description of light nuclei is generally very successful, we point out and analyze problems encountered with medium-mass nuclei. We also survey the construction of equations of state for symmetric nuclear matter and neutron-rich matter based on chiral forces. A focal point is the symmetry energy and its impact on neutron skins and systems of astrophysical relevance. The physics of neutron-rich systems, from nuclei to compact stars, is essentially determined by the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Here, we review the status of predictions in comparison with latest empirical constraints, with particular attention to those extracted from parity-violating electron scattering.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Report of a Workshop on Nuclear Forces and Nonproliferation Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC November 30, 2017
At a time which some view as the end of the post-Cold War era, geopolitics is increasingly fluid, complex and dangerous, including Russian and Chinese modernization of their nuclear and conventional forces nuclear and their increasingly aggressive foreign policies; North Korean nuclear and missile tests and provocations; Iran’s missile tests, regional ambitions and support for terrorism; Syria’s civil war and use of chemical weapons; and the growing global threat of Islamic terrorism. In this new security environment, potential adversaries are emboldened. Allies are reacting to more concrete and tangible threats. They are demanding greater assurances and, in some cases, questioning the credibility of the guarantees we offer and debating the pursuit of nuclear arms in ways we have not seen since the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was created.
98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
New ideas in constraining nuclear forces
In recent years, nuclear physics has benefited greatly from the development of powerful ab initio many-body methods and their combination with interactions from chiral effective field theory. With increasing computational power and continuous development of these methods, we are entering an era of precision nuclear physics. Indeed, uncertainties from nuclear Hamiltonians now dominate over uncertainties from many-body methods. This review summarizes the current status of, and future directions in, deriving and constraining nuclear Hamiltonians.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗