SEARCH · Search NASA
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Firestone Walker Brewing Company (FWBC), Paso Robles, California, owns a 1-million-barrel (BBL) brewery that requires up to 5 MW of process heat in form of saturated steam. Firestone Walker Brewery has set a goal of reducing carbon emissions by 50% for our 1 million BBL brewery.
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) show unprecedented optical nonlinearities in the near infrared wavelength range, where the real part of their linear refractive index approaches zero. More specifically, the Kerr nonlinearities of these materials have sparked widespread attention due to their magnitude and speed. However, due to the absorptive nature of these nonlinear processes, it is of fundamental interest to further investigate the imaginary component of the nonlinear index. The present work studies the nonlinear optical absorption properties of aluminium‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films in their near‐zero‐index (NZI) spectral window. It is found that the imaginary part of the refractive index is reduced under optical excitation such that the field penetration depth more than doubles. An optically induced shift of the NZI bandwidth of ≈120 nm for a pump intensity of 1.3 TW cm −2 is also demonstrated. Looking into the optically induced spectral redistribution of the probe signal, local net gain is recorded, which is ascribed to a nonlinear adiabatic energy transfer. The present study adds key information about the fundamental interplay between real and imaginary nonlinear indices in NZI media, while advancing parametric amplification as viable direction for loss compensation.
Windows have traditionally contributed to a building's HVAC load, but they can also become a source of net energy gain or even operate as zero-energy components. For heating applications, highly insulating windows can harness more solar heat than the energy lost through them, transforming windows from energy liabilities to assets. Dynamic glazings provide further benefits by regulating solar heat gain, reducing cooling loads in summer and heating demands in winter. This simulation study focuses on developing the next generation of zero-energy windows (ZEW) for residential new construction. Through annual energy simulations across climate zones 1-8, ZEW performance benchmarks were established based on current code-level buildings, and we've identified the regions where meeting ZEW standards are most achievable. This work evaluates both static and dynamic window technologies, assessing their effects on annual energy use and cost. Key findings demonstrate that ZEW performance is achievable across diverse climate zones, with specific regional requirements. Most climate zones from 3-8 can achieve ZEW with specific configurations, while some warm climates (1-2) appear challenging for ZEW implementation. Climate zones 4-6 consistently allow for zero energy window implementation, offering multiple pathways through either static or dynamic window technologies. Colder climate zones (7-8) ZEW products allow for higher SHGC values while requiring low U-values.
Abstract Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) allows molecular structure elucidation via measurement of electron-mediated spin-spinJ-couplings. This study examines zero-fieldJ-spectra from molecules with quadrupolar nuclei, exemplified by solutions of various isotopologues of ammonium cations. The spectra reveal differences between various isotopologues upon extracting preciseJ-coupling values from pulse-acquire measurements. A primary isotope effect,$$\triangle J=\left({\gamma }_{{}^{14}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}}/{\gamma }_{{}^{15}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}}\right){J}_{{}^{15}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}-{J}_{{}^{14}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\approx -58$$ △ J = γ 14 N / γ 15 N J 15 N H − J 14 N H ≈ − 58 mHz, is deduced by analysis of the proton-nitrogenJ-coupling ratios. This study points toward further experiments with symmetric cations containing quadrupolar nuclei, promising applications in biomedicine, energy storage, and benchmarking quantum chemistry calculations.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Assisted FAST facility personal with various upgrades and system installation activities during the summer 2026 FAST-IOTA shutdown as a part of the FORGE internship program. Herein is a summary of my involvement in and the results of that experience.
We demonstrate a silicon photonic transmitter designed for reading out physics detectors in extreme environments. The transmitter operates at room and cryogenic temperature and consists of a micro-ring modulator and a co-designed CMOS serializer and driver.
Abstract Symmetry-protected topological phases 1–4 cannot be described by any local order parameter and are beyond the conventional symmetry-breaking model 5 . They are characterized by topological boundary modes that remain stable under symmetry respecting perturbations 1–4,6–8 . In clean, gapped systems without disorder, the stability of these edge modes is restricted to the zero-temperature manifold; at finite temperatures, interactions with mobile thermal excitations lead to their decay 9–11 . Here we report the observation of a distinct type of topological edge mode 12–14 , which is protected by emergent symmetries and persists across the entire spectrum, in an array of 100 programmable superconducting qubits. Through digital quantum simulation of a one-dimensional disorder-free stabilizer Hamiltonian, we observe robust long-lived topological edge modes over up to 30 cycles for a wide range of initial states. We show that the interaction between these edge modes and bulk excitations can be suppressed by dimerizing the stabilizer strength, leading to an emergent U(1) × U(1) symmetry in the prethermal regime of the system. Furthermore, we exploit these topological edge modes as logical qubits and prepare a logical Bell state, which exhibits persistent coherence, despite the system being disorder-free and at finite temperature. Our results establish a viable digital simulation approach 15–18 to experimentally study topological matter at finite temperature and demonstrate a potential route to construct long-lived, robust boundary qubits in disorder-free systems.
Strategy support to determine the best approach to deploy solar technologies and commercially viable heat pump projects across their existing Rural Energy Partners solar project development support channel.
Single electron spin qubits trapped in SiMOS quantum dots are a promising technology for scaling to thousand- or million-qubit systems due to their compatibility with mature CMOS manufacturing processes. A readout system that combines a single electron transistor with a custom cryogenic CMOS amplification and digitization chain offers key advantages by avoiding the use of bulky RF components or room-temperature interconnects. We present design techniques and simulation results for an optimized qubit-SET cryoCMOS interface, culminating in the design of the QNDR1 ASIC, the first cryogenic readout ASIC designed under the Quandarum project, which targets the development of a many-channel spin qubit based detector for use in high energy physics.
The PIP-II superconducting linac at Fermilab requires a highly stable RF Reference Line to maintain phase syn- chronization throughout the accelerator. Temperature- induced changes in the electrical length of long coaxial cables can introduce phase drift and measurement errors. The reference-line architecture mitigates these effects by phase averaging the forward and reflected RF signals, while a phase-locked loop anchors the system to the mas- ter oscillator. This work focuses on the characterization, validation, and mechanical integration of station-level RF assemblies using CAD modeling, vector network analyzer measurements, and spectrum analyzer testing. PID-controlled thermal plates will stabilize critical RF components and further reduce temperature-dependent phase and amplitude variations. These methods sup- port repeatable, standardized designs that can be reliably integrated across the different reference-line stations.
The High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), part of the upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, employs silicon and scintillator tile modules in the endcaps to maintain detector performance during the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) era, scheduled to operate from 2030 to 2040. The upgraded calorimeter will provide highly segmented three-dimensional imaging, energy measurements, and precise timing for particle shower reconstruction. Approximately half of the HGCal plastic scintillator tile modules (1,834 total) will be assembled at Fermilab using an automated pick-and-place (PnP) machine. Following assembly, each tile module undergoes quality control (QC) procedures such as electrical validation, thermal testing, and physics validation using cosmic rays. This poster/talk presents the QC procedures and results from the tile module production in 2026, demonstrating the performance and quality of the assembled tile modules.
Superconducting circuits (SCs) are the cornerstone of modern quantum technology, enabling scalable computing through coherent control of macroscopic quantum states. Through a legacy that predates modern quantum computing, SCs have emerged as high-precision instruments for discovery. In this review, we highlight the role of SCs as general-purpose quantum laboratories, outlining the emerging landscape of correlated matter-circuit science. We review and unify the capabilities of superconducting quantum hardware across condensed matter, high energy and quantum information sciences. We trace the technical evolution of these architectures, illustrating how their foundational development has culminated in a toolkit for resolving the complexities of macroscopic quantum states.
In this work, we study a two-mode bosonic encoding of a quoctit inside a non-Abelian group-structured constellation of coherent states. This work is motivated by the importance of non-Abelian symmetry in particle physics and the desire to have transversal non-Abelian logical gates. We use the previously developed 2 T constellation of states used to encode a so-called 2 T qutrit. The fidelity of the 2 T quoctit is benchmarked against other bosonic qudits for different noise models and find it compare favorably when power constraints are considered. This paves the way for the construction of higher-dimensional qudits (e.g., a quicosotetrit with 2 T group structure) in bosonic systems with practical applications in quantum simulations of particle physics.
Here, the chance observation of a novel traveling wave in a canal led over time to the formulation of a nonlinear wave equation—the Korteweg–de Vries equation—that describes strikingly robust disturbances now called solitons. The figure of an isolated soliton corresponds to a reflectionless potential that supports a single bound state in the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. An appropriate combination of individual solitons yields a symmetric reflectionless potential that supports multiple bound states. Thus, the KdV equation opens the path to solving the inverse scattering problem for a collection of bound states. Applied to the quarkonium spectra, this formalism allows the construction of reflectionless approximations to the confining potentials that account for the force between quarks, and to tests of the flavor-independence of the interquark interaction.
Lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides (LMR) stand out as next-generation lithium-ion cathode chemistries, which harness both transition-metal and lattice-oxygen redox processes to deliver exceptional capacity and energy density. However, their full potential is hindered by intrinsic oxygen instability and structural degradation, resulting in pronounced voltage fade and capacity decay. Here, we present a complex-concentrated anion-doping paradigm in which multiple anions, F, Br, and S, are incorporated into the oxygen sublattice to enhance oxygen-redox and structural stability. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy confirm ultra-stable local oxygen coordination environments during long-term cycling, with detrimental phase transformations and oxygen-loss-induced cavitation dramatically inhibited. Notably, we show that the characteristic LiTM6 transition metal (TM) honeycomb ordering is preserved even after electrochemical cycling. Concurrently, this strategy yields an unprecedented volume change of only 0.63% upon charging to 4.8 V vs. Li+/Li, achieving the first zero-strain LMR cathode. The resulting LMR cathode delivers ultralow voltage fade (1 mV per cycle during the first 100 cycles and becomes negligible in subsequent cycles) and outstanding energy retention (93% after 200 cycles) in a pouch cell configuration. Our complex-concentrated anion-doping concept establishes a broadly applicable strategy for resolving chemo-mechanical failure mechanisms in ceramic intercalation electrodes for next-generation energy storage.
A previous study of an eight-stage rectilinear ionization cooling channel in the ICOOL software demonstrated a five-order-of-magnitude reduction in a muon beam’s 6D emittance. In this study, we look to compare the ways ICOOL and Muons, Inc.’s g4Beamline software model ionization cooling by comparing their modeling of the first four stages to this optimized cooling channel constructed in ICOOL. We begin by identifying the parameters used to construct the optimized ionization cooling channel in ICOOL. We then reconstruct this beam in g4Beamline with identical parameter specifications and simulate the cooling of an identical input beam. Finally, we compare the two simulations based on their beam transmission, longitudinal emittance, and transverse emittance along the channel length. Through this process, we demonstrate that G4Beamline accurately reproduces transverse cooling results but predicts systematically different longitudinal emittance evolution while maintaining similar overall cooling performance, reproducing a 97.9% reduction in 6D emittance over four stages.