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Results for “Nucleon-nucleon interaction”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records

Study of charm hadronization with prompt $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $ = 5.02 TeV

The production of prompt $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ baryons is measured via the exclusive decay channel $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+}\to p{\textrm{K}}^{-}{\pi}^{+} $ at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The pp and PbPb data were obtained in 2017 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 252 and 0.607 nb$^{−1}$, respectively. The measurements are performed within the $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ rapidity interval |y| < 1 with transverse momentum (p$_{T}$) ranges of 3–30 and 6–40 GeV/c for pp and PbPb collisions, respectively. Compared to the yields in pp collisions scaled by the expected number of nucleon-nucleon interactions, the observed yields of $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ with p$_{T}$> 10 GeV/c are strongly suppressed in PbPb collisions. The level of suppression depends significantly on the collision centrality. The $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $/D$^{0}$ production ratio is similar in PbPb and pp collisions at p$_{T}$> 10 GeV/c, suggesting that the coalescence process does not play a dominant role in prompt $ {\Lambda}_{\textrm{c}}^{+} $ baryon production at higher p$_{T}$.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Jet properties in PbPb and pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\;\mathrm{N}}}=5.02 $ TeV

Modifications of the properties of jets in PbPb collisions, relative to those in pp collisions, are studied at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\,\mathrm{N}}}=5.02 $ TeV via correlations of charged particles with the jet axis in relative pseudorapidity (Δη), relative azimuth (Δϕ), and relative angular distance from the jet axis $ \varDelta \mathrm{r}=\sqrt{{\left(\varDelta \eta \right)}^2+{\left(\varDelta \phi \right)}^2} $ . This analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 404 μb$^{−1}$ and 27.4 pb$^{−1}$ for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Charged particle number densities, jet fragmentation functions, and jet shapes are presented as a function of PbPb collision centrality and charged-particle track transverse momentum, providing a differential description of jet modifications due to interactions with the quark-gluon plasma.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the Z boson production cross-section in proton-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV

This article presents the first measurement of the differential Z-boson production cross-section in the forward region using proton-lead collisions with the LHCb detector. The dataset was collected at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 8.16 TeV in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 30.8 nb –1 . The forward-backward ratio and the nuclear modification factors are measured together with the differential cross-section as functions of the Z boson rapidity in the centre-of-mass frame, the transverse momentum of the Z boson and a geometric variable $\phi$*. The results are in good agreement with the predictions from nuclear parton distribution functions, providing strong constraining power at small Bjorken-x.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Inclusive J/ψ production at forward and backward rapidity in p-Pb collisions at s N N = 8.16 TeV

Inclusive J/ψ production is studied in p-Pb interactions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision s N N = 8.16 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψ meson is reconstructed, via its decay to a muon pair, in the centre-of-mass rapidity intervals 2.03 < y cms < 3.53 and -4.46 < y cms < -2.96, where positive and negative y cms refer to the p-going and Pb-going direction, respectively. The transverse momentum coverage is p T < 20 GeV/c. In this paper, y cms - and p T -differential cross sections for inclusive J/ψ production are presented, and the corresponding nuclear modification factors R pPb are shown. Forward results show a suppression of the J/ψ yield with respect to pp collisions, concentrated in the region p T ≲ 5 GeV/c. At backward rapidity no significant suppression is observed. The results are compared to previous measurements by ALICE in p-Pb collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV and to theoretical calculations. Finally, the ratios R FB between forward- and backward-y cms R pPb values are shown and discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

The production of isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV

The transverse energy ($ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\upgamma} $) spectra of photons isolated from other particles are measured using proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at the LHC at $ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $ = 5.02 TeV with integrated luminosities of 27.4 pb$^{−1}$ and 404 μb$^{−1}$ for pp and PbPb data, respectively. The results are presented for photons with 25 <$ {E}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\upgamma} $< 200 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 1.44, and for different centrality intervals for PbPb collisions. Photon production in PbPb collisions is consistent with that in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, demonstrating that photons do not interact with the quark-gluon plasma. Therefore, isolated photons can provide information about the initial energy of the associated parton in photon+jet measurements. The results are compared with predictions from the next-to-leading-order jetphox generator for different parton distribution functions (PDFs) and nuclear PDFs (nPDFs). The comparisons can help to constrain the nPDFs global fits.[graphic not available: see fulltext]

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Jet angularities in dijet production in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC

We study jet angularities for dijet production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in proton-proton (pp) and nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions at 200 GeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass collision energy. In particular, we provide NLL resummed predictions for angularity observables of groomed and ungroomed jets produced in pp collisions matched to next-to-leading order QCD calculations resulting in NLO + NLL ' accuracy. Our parton-level predictions are corrected for non-perturbative effects, such as hadronization and underlying event, using parton-to-hadron level transfer matrices obtained with the Sherpa event generator. Furthermore, we use the Q-PYTHIA and JEWEL generators to estimate the impact of the interaction between quarks and gluons produced by the parton shower with the dense medium formed in heavy-ion collisions on the considered jet angularities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Probing the chiral magnetic wave with charge-dependent flow measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

The Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) phenomenon is essential to provide insights into the strong interaction in QCD, the properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and the topological characteristics of the early universe, offering a deeper understanding of fundamental physics in high-energy collisions. Measurements of the charge-dependent anisotropic flow coefficients are studied in Pb-Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV to probe the CMW. In particular, the slope of the normalized difference in elliptic (v 2 ) and triangular (v 3 ) flow coefficients of positively and negatively charged particles as a function of their event-wise normalized number difference, is reported for inclusive and identified particles. The slope ${r}_3^{\textrm{Norm}}$ is found to be larger than zero and to have a magnitude similar to ${r}_2^{\textrm{Norm}}$, thus pointing to a large background contribution for these measurements. Furthermore, ${r}_2^{\textrm{Norm}}$ can be described by a blast wave model calculation that incorporates local charge conservation. In addition, using the event shape engineering technique yields a fraction of CMW (f CMW ) contribution to this measurement which is compatible with zero. This measurement provides the very first upper limit for f CMW , and in the 10–60% centrality interval it is found to be 26% (38%) at 95% (99.7%) confidence level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

No-Core Shell Model Analysis of Light Nuclei

The fundamental description of both structural properties and reactions of light nuclei in terms of constituent protons and neutrons interacting through nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces is a long-sought goal of nuclear theory. I will briefly present a promising technique, built upon the ab initio no-core shell model, which emerged recently as a candidate to reach such a goal: the no-core shell model/resonating-group method. This approach, capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states in light nuclei, complements a microscopic cluster technique with the use of two-nucleon realistic interactions, and a microscopic and consistent description of the nucleon clusters. I will discuss applications to light nuclei binary scattering processes and fusion reactions that power stars and Earth based fusion facilities, such as the deuterium–3He fusion, and outline the progress toward the inclusion of the three-nucleon force into the formalism and the treatment of three-body clusters.

Physics↗

Nonlocal Structure of the Leading Order ab initio Effective Potentials for Proton Elastic Scattering from Light Nuclei

Based on the spectator expansion of the multiple scattering series we employ a chiral next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) nucleon-nucleon interaction on the same footing in the structure as well as in the reaction calculation to obtain an in leading-order consistent effective potential for nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering, which includes the spin of the struck target nucleon. Here, as an example we present proton scattering off $^{12}$C.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Status of the NPDGamma experiment

We report that the NPDGamma experiment measures the parity-violating (PV) gamma asymmetry from polarized cold neutrons captured on protons at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The (PV) neutron spin asymmetry A γ of photons from polarized cold neutron capture on protons is proportional to the ΔI=1 long range weak meson coupling h$1\atop{π}$ between nucleons in the hadronic weak interaction (HWI). Liquid para-hydrogen production data taking concluded in April 2014 and once the background aluminum asymmetry measurements are complete, the PV asymmetry A γ can be extracted. Finally, preliminary results of the analysis of A γ are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Precision mass measurements of 44 V and 44m V for nucleon-nucleon interaction studies

Here, we discuss the motivation and technique of Penning trap mass spectrometry applied to radioactive 44 V and 44m V, using the LEBIT 9.4 T Penning trap mass spectrometer at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. A complementary measurement of these nuclides, performed at the CSRe in Lanzhou, China, was recently published, but with errors several times larger than obtainable for a short-lived radionuclide in a Penning trap. Interpretation of the higher precision results is ongoing and a full accounting of this measurement is anticipated in the coming months.

44-vanadium↗

Nucleon Associations in Direct Nuclear Reactions

Based on the model of nucleon associations, the two-nucleon transfer reaction (p, t) is considered in intermediate nuclei. The interaction between the nucleons is local and short-range, and the bineutron association already exists in the nucleon. The internal states of the incident proton, departing triton, and any intermediate association states are assumed to be completely symmetric S-states. Investigations are performed with distorted plane waves of the proton and triton, and the assumption is made that there is no exchange by nucleons among nucleon fragments. The differential cross sections calculated on the basis of this approach are presented, and these results demonstrate that the association model allows one to explain qualitatively the experimental data on particle scattering. Some possible directions of further study of direct nuclear reactions on the basis of the model are discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Polarization of Nucleons in the Deuteron Stripping Reaction on Nuclei

A general analytical expression has been obtained in the diffraction approximation for the polarization of nucleons arising in the deuteron stripping reaction on nuclei at intermediate energies of the incident particles. A tabulated density distribution of the target nucleus and a realistic wave function of the deuteron with correct asymptotic limits at large internucleon distances were used in the calculations. The nucleon-nucleus phase shifts were calculated in the Glauber formalism using the double folding potential. The calculated angular dependences for the vector analyzing power Ay of the reaction {sup 3}He(d, p){sup 4}He are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the corresponding experimental data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Mass predictions of atomic nuclei in the infinite nuclear matter model

We present here the mass excesses, binding energies, one- and two-neutron, one- and two-proton and {alpha}-particle separation energies of 6727 nuclei in the ranges 4{<=}Z{<=}120 and 8{<=}A{<=}303 calculated in the infinite nuclear matter model. Compared to our predictions of 1999 mass table, the present ones are obtained using larger data base of 2003 mass table of Wapstra and Audi and resorting to higher accuracy in the solutions of the {eta}-differential equations of the INM model. The local energy {eta}'s supposed to carry signature of the characteristic properties of nuclei are found to possess the predictive capability. In fact {eta}-systematics reveal new magic numbers in the drip-line regions giving rise to new islands of stability supported by relativistic mean field theoretic calculations. This is a manifestation of a new phenomenon where shell-effect overcomes the instability due to repulsive components of the nucleon-nucleon force broadening the stability peninsula. The two-neutron separation energy-systematics derived from the present mass predictions reveal a general new feature for the existence of islands of inversion in the exotic neutron-rich regions of nuclear landscape, apart from supporting the presently known islands around {sup 31}Na and {sup 62}Ti. The five global parameters representing the properties of infinite nuclear matter, the surface, the Coulomb and the pairing terms are retained as per our 1999 mass table. The root-mean-square deviation of the present mass-fit to 2198 known masses is 342 keV, while the mean deviation is 1.3 keV, reminiscent of no left-over systematic effects. This is a substantive improvement over our 1999 mass table having rms deviation of 401 keV and mean deviation of 9 keV for 1884 data nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

A study of the ground-state energy of {sup 4}He with nucleon-nucleon potentials

Ground-state properties are evaluated for the finite nucleus {sup 4}He starting from realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions within the framework of the Green's function approach. For the sake of comparison, the same calculations are performed using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation. For that purpose four high-quality modern nucleon-nucleon interactions represented in momentum space are employed: the Argonne V18, CD-Bonn, Bonn A and N{sup 3}LO potentials. In these potentials, the effects of charge dependence are taken into account. Additional binding energy is obtained from the inclusion of the hole-hole scattering term within the framework of the Green function approach. It has been shown that the Green function results agree well with the results obtained by accurate methods for few-nucleon systems such as the Faddeev-Yakubovsky calculation. In this study, a comparison of the calculated ground-state energies, obtained by using the Green function approach and different nucleon-nucleon potentials, with experimental values is carried out. The results show good agreement between the calculated values and the experimental ones. - Highlights: > We present ground-state energies of the helium nucleus. > We consider four high-quality modern nucleon-nucleon potentials. > It is shown that the Green function approach gives quite good results.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Ground-state properties of closed-shell nucleus {sup 56}Ni with realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions

We have calculated the ground-state energy of the doubly magic nucleus {sup 56}Ni within the framework of the Green's function using the CD-Bonn and N{sup 3}LO nucleon-nucleon potentials. For the sake of comparison, the same calculations are performed using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation. Both the continuous and conventional choices of single particle energies are used. Additional binding energy is obtained from the inclusion of the hole-hole scattering term within the framework of the Green function approach. In this study, comparison of the calculated ground-state energies, obtained by using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach using continuous choice and different nucleon-nucleon potentials, with the experimental value is accomplished. The results show good agreement between the calculated values and the experimental one for the {sup 56}Ni nucleus. The sensitivity of our results to the choice of the model space is examined.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

A new approach to analytic, non-perturbative and gauge-invariant QCD

Following a previous calculation of quark scattering in eikonal approximation, this paper presents a new, analytic and rigorous approach to the calculation of QCD phenomena. In this formulation a basic distinction between the conventional 'idealistic' description of QCD and a more 'realistic' description is brought into focus by a non-perturbative, gauge-invariant evaluation of the Schwinger solution for the QCD generating functional in terms of the exact Fradkin representations of Green's functional G{sub c}(x,y|A) and the vacuum functional L[A]. Because quarks exist asymptotically only in bound states, their transverse coordinates can never be measured with arbitrary precision; the non-perturbative neglect of this statement leads to obstructions that are easily corrected by invoking in the basic Lagrangian a probability amplitude which describes such transverse imprecision. The second result of this non-perturbative analysis is the appearance of a new and simplifying output called 'Effective Locality', in which the interactions between quarks by the exchange of a 'gluon bundle'-which 'bundle' contains an infinite number of gluons, including cubic and quartic gluon interactions-display an exact locality property that reduces the several functional integrals of the formulation down to a set of ordinary integrals. It should be emphasized that 'non-perturbative' here refers to the effective summation of all gluons between a pair of quark lines-which may be the same quark line, as in a self-energy graph-but does not (yet) include a summation over all closed-quark loops which are tied by gluon-bundle exchange to the rest of the 'Bundle Diagram'. As an example of the power of these methods we offer as a first analytic calculation the quark-antiquark binding potential of a pion, and the corresponding three-quark binding potential of a nucleon, obtained in a simple way from relevant eikonal scattering approximations. A second calculation, analytic, non-perturbative and gauge-invariant, of a nucleon-nucleon binding potential to form a model deuteron, will appear separately. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An analytic, non-perturbative and gauge-invariant formulation for QCD processes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new property called Effective Locality appears in the QCD fermionic amplitudes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An effective quark-antiquark and 3-quark binding potential is obtained. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A single 'gluon bundle' replaces the sum of an infinite number of Feynman graphs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗