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Results for “ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Floodplain nitrifiers harbor the genetic potential for utilizing a wide range of organic nitrogen compounds

Organic compounds such as urea and cyanate can serve as nitrogen (N) sources for nitrifying microorganisms, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Here we investigated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) for all four nitrifier guilds generated from hydrologically variable floodplain sediments of the Wind River Basin (WRB; Riverton, WY, USA) for their genetic potential to utilize organic N compounds. A vast majority of WRB nitrifier MAGs harbored urease (ure) and at least one urea transporter ( utp, urt, dur3 ). AOA were the most abundant and phylogenetically diverse nitrifiers in WRB floodplain sediments. Several AOA MAGs encoded cyanase ( cynS ), nitrilase ( nit1 ), omega-amidase ( nit2 ), nitrile hydratase ( nthA ), and genes related to purine degradation, including biuret hydrolase ( biuH ), oxamic transcarbamylase ( allFGH ), and catabolic carbamate kinase ( allK ). AOA often encoded an uncharacterized amidohydrolase collocated with biuH , rather than allophanate hydrolase ( atzF ). A small number of AOA encoded atzF , functioning in an unknown pathway. AOB and comammox were of relatively low abundance and taxonomic diversity and were present only at certain depths in WRB; however, they encoded triuret/biuret degradation genes ( trtA, biuH , and atzH ), and in comammox, these genes were also collocated with allFGHK . The genetic potential of ammonia oxidizers in the WRB floodplain suggests that organic N may support nitrification in this system. The proposed pathways for utilizing purine degradation products other than urea potentially expand the known metabolic capabilities of AOA, AOB, and comammox bacteria and reveal the possibility for cryptic N cycling between microbial community members.

floodplain↗
NASA NTRS1971

Synthesis of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and other nitrogen organic compounds by a Fischer-Tropsch-like process.

Study of the formation of purines, pyrimidines, and other bases from CO, H2, and NH3 under conditions similar to those used in the Fischer-Tropsch process. It is found that industrial nickel/iron alloy catalyzes the synthesis of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and other nitrogenous compounds from mixtures of CO, H2, and NH3 at temperatures of about 600 C. Sufficient sample was accumulated to isolate as solid products adenine, guanine, and cytosine, which were identified by infrared spectrophotometry. In the absence of nickel/iron catalyst, at 650 C, or in the presence of this catalyst, at 450 C, no purines or pyrimidines were synthesized. These results confirm and extend some of the work reported by Kayatsu et al. (1968).

Yang, C. C.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Gas-Phase Oxidation Mechanisms of Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds

Nitrogen-containing organic molecules play essential roles in nearly every aspect of chemistry. The importance of these species within gas-phase chemistry has increased in recent years, due to their emissions from wildfires, crude biofuels, ammonia combustion, and CO 2 capture facilities. However, there is a lack of detailed relevant mechanistic and kinetic studies of N-compounds, resulting in poor representation of these pathways within chemical models. In this report, we detail our exploration of the gas-phase oxidation mechanisms of pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, methylamine, and dimethylamine, done by employing multiplexed VUV photoionization mass spectrometry coupled with KinBot, a computational tool that automatically explores multi-well potential energy surfaces. Overall, we vastly expanded the known gas-phase oxidation mechanisms and chemical kinetics of these species. This work will improve the accuracy and completeness of atmospheric and combustion chemistry models, ultimately leading to better-informed decision-makers in the energy and environmental sectors.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

THE VOLATILE COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY OF COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 DURING THE EPOXI CLOSEST APPROACH

We report time-resolved measurements of the absolute and relative abundances of eight parent volatiles (H{sub 2}O, CH{sub 3}OH, C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, C{sub 2}H{sub 2}, NH{sub 3}, HCN, H{sub 2}CO, and HC{sub 3}N) in the coma of 103P/Hartley 2 on UT 2010 November 4, the date the EPOXI spacecraft made its closest approach to the comet, using high-dispersion infrared spectroscopy with NIRSPEC at the W. M. Keck Observatory. Overall gas and dust production increased by roughly 60% between UT 10:49 and 15:54. Differences in the spatial distributions of species in the coma suggest icy sources of different composition in the nucleus of 103P/Hartley 2. However, differences in the relative abundances of species with time are minor, suggesting either internal compositional heterogeneity in 103P/Hartley 2 is small compared with the diversity of chemistry observed within the comet population, or more significant heterogeneity exists on scales smaller than our spatial resolution. Observations contemporaneous with the EPOXI encounter test how compositional heterogeneity over the surface and the inner coma of a comet manifests itself in remote-sensing observations of the bulk coma.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Preconditioning induced by gentamicin protects against acute kidney injury: The role of prostaglandins but not nitric oxide

Nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of gentamicin (GENTA). Preconditioning (PC) refers to a situation in which an organ subjected to an injury responds less intensely when exposed to another injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PC with GENTA on nephrotoxic acute kidney injury (AKI). GENTA group rats were injected daily with GENTA (40 mg/kg/BW) for 10 days. PC animals were injected with GENTA for 3 days (40 mg/kg/BW/daily) and, after one rest week, were injected daily with GENTA for 10 days. Animals of the L-NAME and DICLO groups were preconditioned for 3 days and then received daily injections of GENTA for 10 days; they were concomitantly treated with L-NAME (10 mg/kg/BW) and diclofenac (DICLO, 5 mg/kg/BW) for 13 days. Blood and urine were collected for measurement of serum creatinine, urea, urine sodium, protein, hydroperoxides, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO). The animals were killed; kidneys were removed for histology and immunohistochemistry for apoptosis and cell proliferation. GENTA group rats showed an increase in plasma creatinine, urea, urine sodium, hydroperoxides, lipid peroxidation, proteinuria, necrosis and apoptosis, characterizing nephrotoxic AKI. PC animals showed a decrease in these parameters and increased proliferation. The blockade of NO synthesis by L-NAME potentiated the protective effect, suggesting that NO contributed to the injury caused by GENTA. The blockade of prostaglandin synthesis with DICLO increased serum and urinary parameters, blunting the protective effect of PC. Our data suggest that PC could be a useful tool to protect against nephrotoxic AKI.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

W{sub 18}O{sub 49} nanorods decorated with Ag/AgCl nanoparticles as highly-sensitive gas-sensing material and visible-light-driven photocatalyst

A novel gas-sensing material and photocatalyst was successfully obtained by decorating Ag/AgCl nanoparticles on the W{sub 18}O{sub 49} nanorods through a clean photochemical route. The as-prepared samples were characterized using combined techniques of X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Gas-sensing measurements indicate that the Ag/AgCl/W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs sensors exhibit superior reducing gas-sensing properties to those of bare W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs, and they are highly selective and sensitive to NH{sub 3}, acetone, and H{sub 2}S with short response and recovery times. The Ag/AgCl/W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs photocatlysts also possess higher photocatalytic performance than bare W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs for degradation of methyl orange under simulated sunlight irradiation. Possible mechanisms concerning the enhancement of gas-sensing and photocatalytic activities of the Ag/AgCl/W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs composite were proposed. - Graphical Abstract: The Ag/AgCl nanoparticles adhered well to the W{sub 18}O{sub 49} nanorod. The Ag could act as transfer center of the photoexcited carriers, prohibiting their recombinations in both W{sub 18}O{sub 49} and AgCl. Highlights: > Ag/AgCl/W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs were successfully obtained via a clean photochemical route. > The Ag/AgCl nanoparticles decorated on the W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs possessed cladding structure. > The Ag/AgCl/W{sub 18}O{sub 49} NRs exhibited excellent gas-sensing and photocatalytic properties.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of methyl palmitate

Methyl palmitate (MP) has been shown earlier to inhibit Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the potential of MP to inhibit the activation of other macrophages, RAW cells (macrophages of alveolar origin) were treated with varying concentrations of MP (0.25, 0.5, 1 mM). Assessment of cytotoxicity using MTT assay revealed that 0.25 and 0.5 mM are not toxic to RAW cells. MP was able to inhibit the phagocytic function of RAW cells. Treatment of cells with MP 24 hours prior to LPS stimulation significantly decreased nitric oxide release and altered the pattern of cytokines release; there was a significant decrease in TNF-{alpha} and a significant increase in IL-10 compared to the controls. However, there is a non-significant change in IL-6 level. Furthermore, phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B (I{kappa}B{alpha}) protein was significantly decreased in RAW cells treated with 0.5 mM MP after LPS stimulation. Based upon the in-vitro results, it was examined whether MP treatment will be effective in preventing bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in-vivo. Bleomycin given by itself caused destruction of the lung architecture characterized by pulmonary fibrosis with collapse of air alveoli and emphysematous. Bleomycin induced a significant increase in hydroxyproline level and activated NF-{kappa}B, p65 expression in the lung. MP co-treatment significantly ameliorated bleomycin effects. These results suggest that MP has a potential of inhibiting macrophages in general. The present study demonstrated for the first time that MP has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect that could be through NF-kB inhibition. Thus MP like molecule could be a promising anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic drug. - Research Highlights: >Methyl palmitate is a universal macrophage inhibitor. >It could be a promising nucleus of anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic drugs. >The underlying mechanism of these effects could be through NF-kB inhibition.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

Effect of nitrogen-doping temperature on the structure and photocatalytic activity of the B,N-doped TiO{sub 2}

B,N-TiO{sub 2} photocatalysts were synthesized by boron doping firstly and subsequently nitrogen doping in NH{sub 3} at variable temperatures. The effects of the nitrogen doping temperature on the structure and photocatalytic activity of the B,N-codoped TiO{sub 2} were investigated. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated with photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye (MO) under visible light and UV-visible light irradiation. The results suggested that the boron and nitrogen can be incorporated into the TiO{sub 2} lattice either interstitially or substitutionally or both, while the Ti-O-B-N structure plays a vital role in photocatalytic activity in visible light region. The optimal nitrogen doping temperature is 550 {sup o}C. Higher temperature may form many oxygen vacancies and Ti{sup 3+} species, resulting in the decrease of photocatalytic activity in visible light. -- Graphical abstract: The changes of photocatalytic activity of B,N-TiO{sub 2} with variable nitrogen doping temperatures are attributed to the transformation of surface structure and oxygen vacancies, and the Ti-O-B-N structure plays a vital role in photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. Display Omitted Research highlights: > B,N-TiO{sub 2} photocatalysts are synthesized by boron doping firstly and subsequently nitrogen doping in NH{sub 3} at variable temperatures. > The boron and nitrogen can be incorporated into the TiO{sub 2} lattice either interstitially or substitutionally or both. > The temperature of nitrogen doping affects the transformation of surface structure and oxygen vacancies. > The Ti-O-B-N structure plays an important role in photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Splenic Artery Syndrome After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Treatment With the Amplatzer Vascular Plug

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) for embolization of the splenic artery in patients with hepatic hypoperfusion after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients (9 men and 4 women) with a mean age of 56 years (range 22-70) who developed splenic artery syndrome after OLT with decreased liver perfusion and clinically relevant impairment of liver function (increased transaminase or serum bilirubin levels, thrombocytopenia, and/or therapy-refractory ascites) were treated by embolization of the proximal third of the splenic artery using the AVP. The plugs ranged in diameter from 6 to 16 mm, and they were introduced through femoral (n = 9), axillary (n = 3), or brachial (n = 1) access using a 5F or 8F guiding catheter. Results: The plugs were successfully placed, and complete occlusion of the splenic artery was achieved in all patients. Placement of two plugs was necessary for complete occlusion in 3 of the 13 patients. Occlusion took on average 10 min (range 4-35). There was no nontarget embolization or plug migration into more distal segments of the splenic artery. All patients showed improved arterial perfusion, including the liver periphery, on postinterventional angiogram. After embolization, liver function parameters (transaminase and bilirubin levels) improved with normalization of concomitant thrombocytopenia and a decrease in ascites volume. Conclusion: Our initial experience in a small patient population with SAS suggests that the AVP enables precise embolization of the proximal splenic artery, thus providing safe and effective treatment for poor liver perfusion after OLT due to SAS.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Comparison of imatinib, nilotinib and silymarin in the treatment of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative stress, injury and fibrosis

Effective and well-tolerated anti-fibrotic drugs are currently lacking. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic effects of imatinib, nilotinib and silymarin on established hepatic fibrosis in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl{sub 4}) rat model. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of CCl{sub 4} twice weekly for 8 weeks, as well as daily intraperitoneal treatments of imatinib (10 and 20 mg/kg), nilotinib (10 and 20 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg) during the last 4 weeks of CCl{sub 4}-intoxication. At the end of the study, hepatic damage was evaluated by analysis of liver function tests and hepatic oxidative stress parameters. Hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by histopathology and morphometry, as well as collagen and 4-hydroxyproline contents. Nilotinib (20 mg/kg) was the most effective treatment to counteract CCl{sub 4}-induced hepatic injury as indicated by liver function tests and histopathology. Nilotinib (10 mg/kg), nilotinib (20 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg) treatments reduced the mean score of hepatic fibrosis by 31%, 68% and 47%, respectively, and hepatic collagen content by 47%, 49% and 18%, respectively in CCl{sub 4}-treated rats. Hepatic morphometric evaluation and 4-hydroxyproline content revealed that CCl{sub 4}-induced fibrosis was ameliorated significantly by nilotinib (20 mg/kg) and imatinib (20 mg/kg). Unlike nilotinib, imatinib (20 mg/kg) showed some sort of hepatic injury evidenced by elevation of serum aminotransferases and total bilirubin levels, and hepatic total nitrate/nitrite content, as well as characteristic anisonucleosis visualized with the hematoxylin-eosin staining. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence that nilotinib exerts anti-fibrotic activity and suggests that it may be valuable in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in humans. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research Highlights: > The anti-fibrotic effects of imatinib, nilotinib and silymarin were compared. > These effects were evaluated on CCl{sub 4}-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. > Nilotinib was found to possess potent anti-fibrotic activity. > In addition, nilotinib did not show any signs of hepatotoxicity. > Thus, nilotinib may be valuable in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis in humans.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2011

Low cost, surfactant-less, one pot synthesis of Cu{sub 2}O nano-octahedra at room temperature

Cu{sub 2}O octahedra were successfully synthesized via a novel wet-chemical method using D-glucose and hydrazine as reducing agent at room temperature without the presence of any other surfactant. Presence of D-glucose was important for the stabilization of the evolved copper octahedra and also for facilitating the reduction of the Cu(II) ions. The existence of glucose moieties on the surface as capping agent was confirmed by the FT-IR spectra while there was presence of excess oxygen atoms on the surface leading to the formation of a thin CuO layer at the octahedra surface, as confirmed by the XPS study, probably promoted by the capping glucose. Effect of NaOH concentration on the reaction and the formation of octahedra was also studied. The formation mechanism of obtained Cu{sub 2}O octahedra has been discussed. These octahedra were then studied for their photocatalytic properties in degradation of organic dyes, rhodamine B and methyl orange. - Graphical abstract: Cu{sub 2}O octahedra were found to have thin layer of CuO, due to oxidation of surface Cu{sup +} atoms by the surfactant O atoms. Highlights: > Simple and inexpensive one pot synthesis of various Cu{sub 2}O nanostructures. > Surface properties studied by XPS. > Used as photocatalysis for degradation of rhodamine B.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Selective hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr microflowers and Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} shuttles with concave surfaces

Through controlling the amount of NaOH added, BiOBr and Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} with different shapes were hydrothermally synthesized in the reaction system of Bi(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-NaOH. As 8 mmol of NaOH was added, BiOBr microflowers constructed of nanoflakes were synthesized. The thickness of these single-crystal nanoflakes was about 20 nm. In the similar condition, when the amount of NaOH added was 28 mmol, Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} shuttles with concave surfaces were obtained. The length of these shuttles was 100 {mu}m and the diameter at the middle of these shuttles was 50 {mu}m. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared BiOBr microflowers was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation ({lambda}>420 nm), which was up to 96% within 90 min. - Graphical abstract: Through controlling the amount of NaOH added, BiOBr microflowers and Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} shuttles with concave surfaces were hydrothermally synthesized in the reaction system of Bi(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-NaOH. Highlights: > BiOBr microflowers constructed of nanoflakes were synthesized hydrothermally. > Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} shuttles with concave surfaces were also synthesized. > Their formation mechanisms were studied based on the experimental results. > The photocatalytic activity of BiOBr microflowers was evaluated under visible-light irradiation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Synthesis and characterization of Pd-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/KIT-5 nanocomposite as a polymer-inorganic hybrid catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction

Composite poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/KIT-5 (PVP/KIT-5) was prepared by in situ polymerization method and used as a support for palladium nanoparticles obtained through the reduction of Pd(OAc){sub 2} by hydrazine hydrate. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TG, BET, SEM, and TEM techniques. The catalytic performance of this novel heterogeneous catalyst was determined for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and phenylboronic acid in the presence of water at room temperature. The stability of the nanocomposite catalyst was excellent and could be reused 8 times without much loss of activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. - Graphical Abstract: Pd-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/KIT-5 was prepared as an organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The stability of the catalyst was excellent and could be reused 8 times in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Highlights: > Pd-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/KIT-5 was prepared as a novel nanocomposite. > Nanocomposite was prepared based on a cage-type mesoporous system. > Catalyst showed excellent activity for Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in water. > Stability of the catalyst was excellent and could be reused 8 times.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Interaction of Nano-Sized Materials With Polymer Chains in Polymer-Nanocomposite Thin Films-An AFM Perspective

Nanocomposite thin films were prepared with polyurethane as a matrix and organically modified clay as a filler. The interfacial interaction between the exfoliated clay nanoplatelets and the polymeric chains has been investigated by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The nanoclay platelets show a preferential association with the hard domains of polyurethane matrix on the surface of the thin films. The pendant hydroxyl group on the nanoplatelets attract the isocyanate of the polyisocyanate and a urethane group is formed. This leads to the 'clouding' and 'entwining' of the nanoplatelets by the hard segmental chains. This is the first visual evidence of nanomaterial filler and polymer matrix interaction and it could open up a spectrum of novel property achievements in nanocomposite thin films. Also the understanding of this interaction can lead to more controlled architecture of nanocomposites.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

A series of 2D lanthanide (III) coordination polymers constructed from 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate

Reactions of 2-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H{sub 3}PyIDC) with a series of Ln(III) ions affords ten coordination polymers, namely, {l_brace}[Ln(H{sub 2}PyIDC)(HPyIDC)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{center_dot}H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub n} [Ln=Nd (1), Sm (2), Eu (3) and Gd (4)], {l_brace}[Ln(HPyIDC)(H{sub 2}O){sub 3}]{center_dot}(H{sub 2}PyIDC){center_dot}H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub n} [Ln=Gd (5), Tb (6), Dy (7), Ho (8) and Er (9)], and {l_brace}[Y{sub 2}(HPyIDC){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 5}]{center_dot}(bpy){center_dot}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}{center_dot}3H{sub 2}O{r_brace}{sub n} (10) (bpy=4,4 Prime -bipyridine). They exhibit three types of networks: complexes 1-4 are isomorphous coordination networks containing neutral 2D metal-organic layers, while complexes 5-9 are isomorphous, which consist of cationic metal-organic layers and anionic organic layers, and complex 10 is a 2D network built up from 4-connected HPyIDC{sup 2-} anion and 4-connected Y(III) ions. In addition, thermogravimetric analyses and solid-state luminescent properties of the selected complexes are investigated. They exhibit intense, characteristic emissions in the visible region at room temperature. - Graphical abstract: Structure variation of ten Ln(III) complexes is attributed to the lanthanide contraction effect and various coordination modes of H{sub 3}PyIDC ligands. Moreover, photoluminescent properties and thermal behaviors of selected complexes were investigated. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A series of 2D Ln(III) coordination polymers based on H{sub 3}PyIDC were firstly obtained. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The structural variation is partly attributed to the lanthanide contraction effect. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Diverse coordination modes of H{sub 3}PyIDC ligands are observed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Gd(III) complexes with different structures controlled by different synthesis methods.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗