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Results for “PERICARDIUM”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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5 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Clinical Utility of [{sup 18}F]FDG-PET /CT in Pericardial Disease

Identification of the etiology of pericardial disease is challenging because the accessibility to pericardial fluid and tissue is limited and there is a relatively low yield of fluid and tissue analysis. Pericardial disease is associated with various systemic diseases and is frequently a first manifestation of other systemic diseases. Detecting the cause of pericarditis and minimizing the subsequent inflammatory process can possibly prevent long-term complications. Purpose of Review: To review the clinical utility of [{sup 18}F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([{sup 18}F]FDG-PET/CT) in the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial disease. Recent Findings: [{sup 18}F]FDG-PET/CT can visualize the hypermetabolic tissues of both malignancy and inflammation. Distribution of [{sup 18}F]FDG-PET/CT uptake can provide information for neoplastic disease. If malignancy is ruled out, high uptake of pericardium is associated with active inflammation of the pericardium, and thus response to anti-inflammatory agents can also be predicted with [{sup 18}F]FDG-PET/CT imaging. Summary: [{sup 18}F]FDG-PET/CT can be helpful for diagnosing and establishing prognosis and for planning for anti-inflammatory treatment in pericardial disease.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Multimodality Imaging for the Assessment of Pericardial Diseases

Purpose of Review: The diagnosis of pericardial syndromes, while occasionally straightforward, includes a wide range of pathologies and is often a well-recognized clinical challenge. The aim of this review is to highlight the key role of the various imaging modalities for the diagnosis and management of the spectrum of pericardial diseases. Recent Findings: Cardiac imaging has become an integral part of the diagnostic process often beginning with echocardiography and supported by advanced imaging modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positive emission tomography. These modalities go beyond the simple identification of the pericardium, to identifying increased pericardial thickness, active pericardial edema and inflammation, and its effect on cardiac hemodynamics. Summary: Multimodality imaging has significantly facilitated the diagnosis and long-term management of patients with pericardial diseases. The role of these imaging modalities in overall prognosis and prevention remains to be investigated.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Radiation-Associated Pericardial Disease

Purpose of Review: This review highlights the literature related to pericardial injury following radiation for oncologic diseases. Recent Findings: Radiation-associated pericardial disease can have devastating consequences. Unfortunately, there is considerably less evidence regarding pericardial syndromes following thoracic radiation as compared to other cardiovascular outcomes. Pericardial complications of radiation may arise acutely or have an insidious onset several decades after treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography is the screening imaging modality of choice, while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging further characterizes the pericardium and guides treatment decision-making. Cardiac CT can be useful for assessing pericardial calcification. Ongoing efforts to lessen inadvertent cardiac injury are directed towards the revision of radiation techniques and protocols. Summary: As survival of mediastinal and thoracic malignancies continues to improve, radiation-associated pericardial disease is increasingly relevant. Though advances in radiation oncology demonstrate promise in curtailing cardiotoxicity, the long-term effects pertaining to pericardial complications remain to be seen.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Pericardial Cysts: a Contemporary Comprehensive Review

Purpose of Review: This is an in-depth review on the etiology, clinical manifestation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic modalities, complications, and management of pericardial cysts (PCs). Recent Findings: PCs are the third most common type of mediastinal masses and are usually identified incidentally by chest x-ray (CXR) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Although most PCs are asymptomatic, they might lead to serious complications such as cardiac tamponade. Diagnosis is confirmed by cardiac computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance. Cysts need to be followed by imaging every 1 to 2 years; however, a recent report suggested less frequent follow-up. Most cases resolve spontaneously, but if needed, aspiration or surgical resection can be done. Summary: PCs are rare entities and are usually detected incidentally after CXR or TTE. Providers should be aware of this condition since it could potentially lead to serious complications.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗