Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “POTASSIUM 39”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=39☆

Experimental nuclear structure data from various reactions and decays have been evaluated for all known nuclides of mass 39 (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Ti). Detailed evaluated nuclear structure information is presented for each reaction and decay and the best values combining all available data are recommended for level energies, half-lives, γ-ray energies and intensities, decay properties (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. The {sup 39}K, {sup 39}Ca and {sup 39}Ar are the most extensively studied nuclides; no excited states are known in {sup 39}Mg and {sup 39}Ti. This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=39 by B. Singh and J. Cameron (2006Si02).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The ReA electron-beam ion trap charge breeder for reacceleration of rare isotopes

ReA is a post-accelerator at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. ReA is designed to reaccelerate rare isotopes to energies of a few MeV/u following production by projectile fragmentation and thermalization in a gas cell. The facility consists of four main components: an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) charge breeder, an achromatic charge-over-mass (Q/A) separator, a radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator, and a superconducting radio-frequency linear accelerator. The EBIT charge breeder was specifically designed to efficiently capture continuous beams of singly charged ions injected at low energy (<60 keV), charge breed in less than 50 ms, and extract highly charged ions to the Q/A separator for charge-state selection and reacceleration through the accelerator structures. The use of highly charged ions to reach high beam energies is a key aspect that makes ReA a compact and cost-efficient post-accelerator. The EBIT is characterized by a high-current electron gun, a long multi-electrode trap structure and a dual magnet to provide both the high electron-beam current density necessary for fast charge breeding of short-lived isotopes as well as the high capture probability of injected beams. This paper presents an overview and the status of the ReA EBIT, which has extracted for reacceleration tests stable {sup 20}Ne{sup 8+} ion beams produced from injected gas and more recently {sup 39}K{sup 16+} beams by injecting stable {sup 39,41}K{sup +} ions from an external ion source.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Efficient production of large {sup 39}K Bose-Einstein condensates

We describe an experimental setup and the cooling procedure for producing {sup 39}K Bose-Einstein condensates of over 4x10{sup 5} atoms. Condensation is achieved via a combination of sympathetic cooling with {sup 87}Rb in a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) magnetic trap and direct evaporation in a large-volume crossed optical dipole trap, where we exploit the broad Feshbach resonance at 402 G to tune the {sup 39}K interactions from weak and attractive to strong and repulsive. In the same apparatus we create quasipure {sup 87}Rb condensates of over 8x10{sup 5} atoms.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Can a Bose Gas Be Saturated?

We scrutinize the concept of saturation of the thermal component in a partially condensed trapped Bose gas. Using a {sup 39}K gas with tunable interactions, we demonstrate strong deviation from Einstein's textbook concept of a saturated vapor. However, the saturation picture can be recovered by extrapolation to the strictly noninteracting limit. We provide evidence for the universality of our observations through additional measurements with a different atomic species, {sup 87}Rb.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Atomic masses of {sup 6}Li,{sup 23}Na,{sup 39,41}K,{sup 85,87}Rb, and {sup 133}Cs

The atomic masses of the alkali-metal isotopes {sup 6}Li,{sup 23}Na,{sup 39,41}K,{sup 85,87}Rb, and {sup 133}Cs have been obtained from measurements of cyclotron frequency ratios of pairs of ions simultaneously trapped in a Penning trap. The results, with one standard deviation uncertainty, are: M({sup 6}Li)=6.015 122 887 4(16)u,M({sup 23}Na)=22.989769 282 8(26)u,M({sup 39}K)=38.963 706 485 6(52)u,M({sup 41}K)=40.961 825 257 4(48)u,M({sup 85}Rb)=84.911 789739(9)u,M({sup 87}Rb)=86.909 180 535(10)u, and M({sup 133}Cs)=132.905 451 963(13)u. Our mass of {sup 6}Li yields an improved neutron separation energy for {sup 7}Li of 7251.1014(45) keV.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Cold three-body collisions in hydrogen-hydrogen-alkali-metal atomic systems

We have studied hydrogen-hydrogen-alkali three-body systems in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. For the spin-stretched case, there exists a single XH molecular state when X is one of the bosonic alkali atoms: {sup 7}Li, {sup 23}Na, {sup 39}K, {sup 87}Rb, or {sup 133}Cs. As a result, the only recombination process is the one that leads to formation of XH molecules, H+H+X{yields}XH+H, and such molecules will be stable against vibrational relaxation. We have calculated the collision rates for recombination and collision-induced dissociation as well as the elastic cross sections for H+XH collisions up to a temperature of 0.5 K, including the partial wave contributions from J{sup {Pi}=}0{sup +} to 5{sup -}. We have also found that there is just one three-body bound state for such systems for J{sup {Pi}=}0{sup +} and no bound states for higher angular momenta.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Adiabatic hyperspherical study of weakly bound helium-helium-alkali-metal triatomic systems

{sup 4}He{sub 2}-alkali-metal triatomic molecular systems are studied using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. By adopting the best pairwise He-He and He-X interaction potentials, we search for weakly bound states of {sup 4}He{sub 2}X systems with X={sup 6}Li, {sup 7}Li, {sup 23}Na, {sup 39}K, {sup 40}K, {sup 41}K, {sup 85}Rb, {sup 87}Rb, and {sup 133}Cs. We consider not only zero total angular momentum J=0 states, but also J>0 states. We find that the {sup 4}He{sub 2}{sup 6}Li and {sup 4}He{sub 2}{sup 7}Li systems each possess two bound states with J{sup {Pi}=}0{sup +} symmetry and none with J>0, while the other {sup 4}He{sub 2}-alkali-metal species are found to support one 0{sup +} and one 1{sup -} bound state. We calculate the bound-state energies of these molecular species and discuss the essential features of the wave functions associated with these bound states.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Fourier-transform spectroscopy of (4){sup 1}Σ{sup +} → A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} − b {sup 3}Π, A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} − b {sup 3}Π → X{sup 1}Σ{sup +}, and (1){sup 3} Δ{sub 1} → b{sup 3}Π{sub 0±} transitions in KCs and deperturbation treatment of A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} and b {sup 3}Π states

High resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy data of term values in the spin-orbit (SO) coupled first excited A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} and b{sup 3}Π{sub 0±} states in KCs were obtained from (4){sup 1}Σ{sup +} → A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} − b {sup 3}Π, A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} − b {sup 3}Π → X{sup 1}Σ{sup +}, and (1){sup 3}Δ{sub 1} → b{sup 3}Π{sub 0±} spectra of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). About 3000 new rovibronic term values of the A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} and b {sup 3}Π{sub Ω} states were obtained with an uncertainty about 0.01 cm{sup −1} and added to the previously obtained 3439 term values in Kruzins et al. [Phys. Rev. A 81, 042509 (2010)] and 30 term values of the b {sup 3}Π{sub 0{sup +}} state levels below the A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} state in Tamanis et al. [Phys. Rev. A 82, 032506 (2010)]. The data field was extended considerably, going down to vibrational level v{sub b} = 0 and up in energy to 13 814 cm{sup −1}, as compared to previously achieved v{sub b} = 14 and E = 13 250 cm{sup −1}. Overall 6431 e-symmetry term values of {sup 39}K{sup 133}Cs were included in 4 × 4 coupled-channel deperturbation analysis. The analytical Morse-Long-Range (MLR) function yielded empirical diabatic potentials for the A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} and b {sup 3}Π{sub 0{sup +}} states while the morphing of the SO ab initio points [J. T. Kim et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 256, 57 (2009)] provided the empirical diagonal and off-diagonal SO functions. Overall 98.5% of the fitted term values were reproduced with a rms (root mean square) uncertainty of 0.004 cm{sup −1}. The reliability of the model is proved by a good agreement of predicted and measured term values of the {sup 41}K{sup 133}Cs isotopologue, as well as of measured and calculated intensities of (4){sup 1}Σ{sup +} → A {sup 1}Σ{sup +} − b {sup 3}Π LIF progressions. Direct-potential-fit of low-lying v{sub b} levels of the b {sup 3}Π{sub 0{sup −}} component yielded the MLR potential which represents the 204 f-symmetry experimental term values with a rms uncertainty of 0.002 cm{sup −1}. The Ω-doubling of the b {sup 3}Π{sub 0} sub-state demonstrates a pronounced v{sub b}-dependent increase.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

ORNL Resolved Resonance Covariance Generation for ENDF/B-VII.1

Resonance-parameter covariance matrix (RPCM) evaluations in the resolved resonance regionwere done at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the chromium isotopes, titanium isotopes, {sup 19}F, {sup 58}Ni, {sup 60}Ni, {sup 35}Cl, {sup 37}Cl, {sup 39}K, {sup 41}K, {sup 55}Mn, {sup 233}U, {sup 235}U, {sup 238}U, and {sup 239}Pu using the computer code SAMMY. The retroactive approach of the code SAMMY was used to generate the RPCMs for {sup 233}U. For {sup 235}U, the approach used for covariance generation was similar to the retroactive approach with the distinction that real experimental data were used as opposed to data generated from the resonance parameters. RPCMs for {sup 238}U and {sup 239}Pu were generated together with the resonance parameter evaluations. The RPCMs were then converted in the ENDF format using the FILE32 representation. Alternatively, for computer storage reasons, the FILE32 was converted in the FILE33 cross section covariance matrix (CSCM). Both representations were processed using the computer code PUFF-IV. This paper describes the procedures used to generate the RPCM and CSCM in the resonance region for ENDF/B-VII.1. The impact of data uncertainty in nuclear reactor benchmark calculations is also presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Isotope shift and hyperfine splitting of the 4s{yields}5p transition in potassium

We have investigated the 4s {sup 2}S{sub 1/2}{yields}5p {sup 2}P{sub 1/2} transition (D{sub 1} line) of the potassium isotopes {sup 39}K, {sup 40}K, and {sup 41}K using Doppler-free laser saturation spectroscopy. Our measurements reveal the hyperfine splitting of the 5p {sup 2}P{sub 1/2} state of {sup 40}K, and we have determined the specific mass shift and the nuclear field shift constants for the blue (405 nm) D{sub 1} line.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multinuclear PFGSTE NMR description of 39 K, 23 Na, 7 Li, and 1 H specific activation energies governing diffusion in alkali nitrite solutions

While pulsed field gradient stimulated echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PFGSTE NMR) spectroscopy has found widespread use in the quantification of self-diffusivity for many NMR-active nuclei, extending this technique to uncommon nuclei with unfavorable NMR properties remains an active area of research. Potassium-39 ( 39 K) is an archetypical NMR nucleus exhibiting an unfavorable gyromagnetic ratio combined with a very low Larmor frequency. Despite these unfavorable properties, this work demonstrates that 39 K PFGSTE NMR experiments are possible in aqueous solutions of concentrated potassium nitrite. Further, analysis of the results indicates that 39 K NMR diffusometry is feasible when the nuclei exhibit spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation coefficients on the order of 60–100 ms and 50–100 ms, respectively. The diffusivity of 39 K followed Arrhenius behavior, and comparative 23 Na, 7 Li, and 1 H PFGSTE NMR studies of equimolal sodium nitrite and lithium nitrite solutions led to correlations between the enthalpy of hydration with the activation energy governing self-diffusion of the cations and also of water. Realizing the feasibility of 39 K PFGSTE NMR spectroscopy has a widespread impact across energy sciences because potassium is a common alkali element in energy storage materials and other applications.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Sensitivity to Thermonuclear Reaction Rates in Modeling the Abundance Anomalies of NGC 2419

Abundance anomalies in globular clusters provide strong evidence for multiple stellar populations within each cluster. These populations are usually interpreted as distinct generations, with the currently observed second-generation stars having formed in part from the ejecta of massive, first-generation “polluter” stars, giving rise to the anomalous abundance patterns. The precise nature of the polluters and their enrichment mechanism are still unclear. Even so, the chemical abundances measured in second-generation stars within the globular cluster NGC 2419 provide insight into this puzzling process. Previous work used Monte Carlo nuclear reaction network calculations to constrain the temperature–density conditions that could reproduce the observed abundances, thereby placing robust limits on the origins of the polluter material. The effect of individual reaction rates on these conditions has not been studied, however. Thus, we perform an exhaustive sensitivity study on the nuclear physics input to determine which reactions have the greatest impact on these predictions. We find that the {sup 30}Si(p,γ){sup 31}P, {sup 37}Ar(p,γ){sup 38}K, {sup 38}Ar(p,γ){sup 39}K, and {sup 39}K(p,γ){sup 40}Ca reactions are all critical in determining the temperature–density conditions, and ultimately, the origins of the polluter material. We conclude with recommendations for future experiments.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Spectroscopy and applications of the 3 {sup 3}Σ{sup +} electronic state of {sup 39}K{sup 85}Rb

We report new results on the spectroscopy of the 3 {sup 3}Σ{sup +} electronic state of {sup 39}K{sup 85}Rb. The observations are based on resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization of ultracold KRb molecules starting in vibrational levels v′′ = 18–23 of the a {sup 3}Σ{sup +} state and ionized via the intermediate 3 {sup 3}Σ{sup +} state. The a-state ultracold molecules are formed by photoassociation of ultracold {sup 39}K and {sup 85}Rb atoms to the 3(0{sup +}) state of KRb followed by spontaneous emission. We discuss the potential applications of this state to future experiments, as a pathway for populating the lowest vibrational levels of the a state as well as the X state.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dipole polarizability of alkali-metal (Na, K, Rb)–alkaline-earth-metal (Ca, Sr) polar molecules: Prospects for alignment

Electronic open-shell ground-state properties of selected alkali-metal–alkaline-earth-metal polar molecules are investigated. We determine potential energy curves of the {sup 2}Σ{sup +} ground state at the coupled-cluster singles and doubles with partial triples (CCSD(T)) level of electron correlation. Calculated spectroscopic constants for the isotopes ({sup 23}Na, {sup 39}K, {sup 85}Rb)–({sup 40}Ca, {sup 88}Sr) are compared with available theoretical and experimental results. The variation of the permanent dipole moment (PDM), average dipole polarizability, and polarizability anisotropy with internuclear distance is determined using finite-field perturbation theory at the CCSD(T) level. Owing to moderate PDM (KCa: 1.67 D, RbCa: 1.75 D, KSr: 1.27 D, RbSr: 1.41 D) and large polarizability anisotropy (KCa: 566 a.u., RbCa: 604 a.u., KSr: 574 a.u., RbSr: 615 a.u.), KCa, RbCa, KSr, and RbSr are potential candidates for alignment and orientation in combined intense laser and external static electric fields.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Long-range interactions between polar bialkali ground-state molecules in arbitrary vibrational levels

We have calculated the isotropic C{sub 6} coefficients characterizing the long-range van der Waals interaction between two identical heteronuclear alkali-metal diatomic molecules in the same arbitrary vibrational level of their ground electronic state X{sup 1}Σ{sup +}. We consider the ten species made up of {sup 7}Li, {sup 23}Na, {sup 39}K, {sup 87}Rb, and {sup 133}Cs. Following our previous work [Lepers et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 032709 (2013)], we use the sum-over-state formula inherent to the second-order perturbation theory, composed of the contributions from the transitions within the ground state levels, from the transition between ground-state and excited state levels, and from a crossed term. These calculations involve a combination of experimental and quantum-chemical data for potential energy curves and transition dipole moments. We also investigate the case where the two molecules are in different vibrational levels and we show that the Moelwyn-Hughes approximation is valid provided that it is applied for each of the three contributions to the sum-over-state formula. Our results are particularly relevant in the context of inelastic and reactive collisions between ultracold bialkali molecules in deeply bound or in Feshbach levels.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the microscopic fluctuations driving the NMR relaxation of quadrupolar ions in water

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxation is sensitive to the local structure and dynamics around the probed nuclei. The Electric Field Gradient (EFG) is the key microscopic quantity to understand the NMR relaxation of quadrupolar ions, such as {sup 7}Li{sup +}, {sup 23}Na{sup +}, {sup 25}Mg{sup 2+}, {sup 35}Cl{sup −}, {sup 39}K{sup +}, or {sup 133}Cs{sup +}. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the statistical and dynamical properties of the EFG experienced by alkaline, alkaline Earth, and chloride ions at infinite dilution in water. Specifically, we analyze the effect of the ionic charge and size on the distribution of the EFG tensor and on the multi-step decay of its auto-correlation function. The main contribution to the NMR relaxation time arises from the slowest mode, with a characteristic time on the picosecond time scale. The first solvation shell of the ion plays a dominant role in the fluctuations of the EFG, all the more that the ion radius is small and its charge is large. We propose an analysis based on a simplified charge distribution around the ion, which demonstrates that the auto-correlation of the EFG, hence the NMR relaxation time, reflects primarily the collective translational motion of water molecules in the first solvation shell of the cations. Our findings provide a microscopic route to the quantitative interpretation of NMR relaxation measurements and open the way to the design of improved analytical theories for NMR relaxation for small ionic solutes, which should focus on water density fluctuations around the ion.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Improved charge breeding efficiency of light ions with an electron cyclotron resonance ion source

The Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade is a new radioactive beam facility for the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS). The facility utilizes a {sup 252}Cf fission source coupled with an electron cyclotron resonance ion source to provide radioactive beam species for the ATLAS experimental program. The californium fission fragment distribution provides nuclei in the mid-mass range which are difficult to extract from production targets using the isotope separation on line technique and are not well populated by low-energy fission of uranium. To date the charge breeding program has focused on optimizing these mid-mass beams, achieving high charge breeding efficiencies of both gaseous and solid species including 14.7% for the radioactive species {sup 143}Ba{sup 27+}. In an effort to better understand the charge breeding mechanism, we have recently focused on the low-mass species sodium and potassium which up to present have been difficult to charge breed efficiently. Unprecedented charge breeding efficiencies of 10.1% for {sup 23}Na{sup 7+} and 17.9% for {sup 39}K{sup 10+} were obtained injecting stable Na{sup +} and K{sup +} beams from a surface ionization source.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗