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Results for “Polymer synthesis”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Polypeptoid polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and properties

Polypeptoids, a class of peptidomimetic polymers, have emerged at the forefront of macromolecular and supramolecular science and engineering as the technological relevance of these polymers continues to be demonstrated. The chemical and structural diversity of polypeptoids have enabled access to and adjustment of a variety of physicochemical and biological properties (eg, solubility, charge characteristics, chain conformation, HLB, thermal processability, degradability, cytotoxicity and immunogenicity). These attributes have made this synthetic polymer platform a potential candidate for various biomedical and biotechnological applications. Furthermore, this review will provide an overview of recent development in synthetic methods to access polypeptoid polymers with well–defined structures and highlight some of the fundamental physicochemical and biological properties of polypeptoids that are pertinent to the future development of functional materials based on polypeptoids.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Novel Dynamic Polymer Synthesis via Chlorinated Solvent Quenched Depolymerization

Dynamic polymers with both physical interactions and dynamic covalent bonds exhibit superior performance while achieving such dry polymers in an efficient manner remains a challenge. Herein, we report a novel organic solvent quenched polymer synthesis using a natural molecule, i.e., thioctic acid (TA), which has both dynamic disulfide bond and carboxylic acid. The effects of the solvent types and concentrations along with reaction times on the proposed reaction have been thoroughly explored for polymer synthesis. Solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and first-principles simulations are carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism. It shows that the chlorinated solvent can efficiently stabilize and mediate the depolymerization of poly(TA) which is more kinetically favorable upon lowering the temperature. Attributed to the numerous dynamic covalent disulfide bonds and noncovalent hydrogen bonding, the obtained poly(TA) shows high extensibility, self-healable and re-processable properties. It can also be employed as an efficient adhesive even on a Teflon surface and 3D printed using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. This new polymer synthesis approach on using organic solvents as catalysts along with the unique reaction mechanism provides a new pathway for efficient polymer synthesis, especially for those multi-functional dynamic polymers.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis and Applications

Polymers with precisely controlled structure and function are in high demand across a diverse array of applications spanning the life sciences and nanotechnology. One prototypical example is a class of branched block copolymers known as miktoarm stars (μ-stars), which contain two or more arm compositions connected at a common junction. Miktoarm stars have attracted considerable attention since their physical properties can be different from conventional linear block copolymers. This perspective highlights the latest developments and historical context in the field of miktoarm star polymers, including design strategies, synthetic techniques, and advanced characterization tools used to avoid common preparation pitfalls and tailor properties for emerging applications. Furthermore, our contemporary perspective on μ-star polymers is a resource for inspiring future research into this exciting class of materials at the intersection of chemistry, physics, and advanced technology.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Continuous Polymer Synthesis and Manufacturing of Polyurethane Elastomers Enabled by Automation

Connecting polymer synthesis and processing is an important challenge for streamlining the manufacturing of polymeric materials. In this work, the automated synthesis of acrylate-capped polyurethane oligomers is integrated with vat photopolymerization 3D printing. This strategy enabled the rapid manufacturing of a library of polyurethane-based elastomeric materials with differentiated thermal and mechanical properties. The automated semi-continuous batch synthesis approach proved enabling for resins with otherwise short shelf lives because the intimate connection between synthesis, formulation, and processing. Structure-property studies demonstrated the ability to tune properties through systematic alteration of crosslink density and chemical composition.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Polycaprolactone: A Promising Addition to the Sequential Infiltration Synthesis Polymer Family Identified through In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy

Infiltration of inorganic oxides inside polymers using sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is an effective method for creating materials for a broad range of applications. The reactions between various polymer functional groups and organometallic/inorganic precursors are unique, which makes it essential to understand the specific interactions for a range of precursors and polymers to enable predictive process design and to extend the utility of SIS to applications. In this paper, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements have been performed during Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 SIS in three different homopolymers: poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP). From the FTIR intensity changes after precursor exposure and during the subsequent purge times, it is demonstrated quantitatively that the interaction dynamics and the stability of the intermediate complexes of these polymers with the metal precursors are substantially different. A key finding from this comparative study is that PCL interacts far more strongly with metal precursors, even though its carbonyl (C=O) and ester (C-O-R) functional groups are similar to those of the more weakly interacting PMMA. This behavior suggests that additional factors beyond the identity of the functional groups dictate how polymers interact with metal compounds in SIS. PCL, which has not previously been reported in SIS processes, may be an attractive polymeric template for implementing SIS with improved uniformity and cost-effectiveness.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Novel 3D bismuth-based coordination polymers: Synthesis, structure, and second harmonic generation properties

Two new 3D bismuth containing coordination polymers are reported along with their single crystal structures and SHG properties. Compound 1: Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2}(pydc) (pydc=pyridine-2, 5-dicarboxylate), crystallizes in the monoclinic, polar space group, P2{sub 1} (a=9.6479(9) A, b=4.2349(4) A, c=11.9615(11) A, {beta}=109.587(1) Degree-Sign ), which contains Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2} chains that are connected into a 3D structure via the pydc ligands. Compound 2: Bi{sub 4}Na{sub 4}(1R3S-cam){sub 8}(EtOH){sub 3.1}(H{sub 2}O){sub 3.4} (1R3S cam=1R3S-camphoric acid) crystallizes in the monoclinic, polar space group, P2{sub 1} (a=19.0855(7) A, b=13.7706(5) A, c=19.2429(7) A, {beta}=90.701(1) Degree-Sign ) and is a true 3D coordination polymer. These are two example of SHG compounds prepared using unsymmetric ligands (compound 1) or chiral ligands (compound 2), together with metals that often exhibit stereochemically-active lone pairs, such as Bi{sup 3+}, a synthetic approach that resulted in polar, non-centrosymmetric, 3D metal-organic coordination polymer. - Graphical Abstract: Structures of two new, polar, 3D Bismuth(III)-based coordination polymers: Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2}(pydc) (compound 1), and Bi{sub 4}Na{sub 4}(1R3S-cam){sub 8}(EtOH){sub 3.1}(H{sub 2}O){sub 3.4} (compound 2). Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New, polar, 3D Bismuth(III)-based coordination polymers. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer First polar bismuth-based coordination polymers synthesized via a 'hybrid' strategy. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Combination of stereochemically-active lone pairs and unsymmetrical or chiral ligands. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Synthesis of class C-SHG materials based on Kurtz-Perry categories.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

ABA Triblock Brush Polymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Conductivity, and Rheological Properties

The synthesis, self-assembly, conductivity, and rheological properties of ABA triblock brush polymers (BBCPs) with grafted polystyrene (A block, N PS = 21) and poly(ethylene oxide) (B block, N PEO = 45) side chains are reported here. Two backbone molecular weights (N A :N B :N A = 11:78:11 and 15:119:15) were investigated with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) doping ratios 2 ≤ [EO]:[Li + ] ≤ 20. Blends with 2 ≤ [EO]:[Li + ] ≤ 10 suppress PEO crystallization and self-assemble into hexagonally packed cylinders of the minority gPS component. Conductivity is on the order of 10 –3 S/cm at 105 °C with a corresponding elastic modulus ca. 104 Pa. The optimum conductivity occurs at a blend ratio near 10:1 [EO]:[Li + ], similar to that reported for linear block copolymer analogues.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Nanoflakes of an aminoacid-based chiral coordination polymer: Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties, and application in electrochemical sensing of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}

Nanoflakes of an aminoacid-based chiral coordination polymer (CP), [Cu{sub 2}(tyr){sub 2}(bipy)]{sub n}, were synthesized successfully in the presence of surfactant, as evidenced by the XRD and SEM results. UV–vis absorption spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry were used to investigate the optical properties of the CP, which was found to be mainly attributed to the ligands, while the forming of the CP caused only slight change. On the other hand, Cu(II) ions acted as electrocatalytic active sites of the CP, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry. The CP also showed good performance in the electrochemical sensing of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}: sensitivity of 85.6 mA mol{sup −1} L cm{sup −2}, linear range of 1.0×10{sup −5}–7.69×10{sup −3} M, detection limit of 1.0×10{sup −5} M (S/N=3), and fast response in mere 5 s. - Graphical abstract: Nanoflakes of an aminoacid-based chiral coordination polymer (CP), [Cu{sub 2}(tyr){sub 2}(bipy)]{sub n}, were synthesized successfully and showed good performance in the electrochemical sensing of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. - Highlights: • Synthesis of nanoflakes of an aminoacid-based chiral CP. • Optical and electrochemical properties resulting respectively from ligands and Cu{sup II}. • Good performance in enzyme-free electrochemical sensing of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Lanthanide coordination polymers: Synthesis, diverse structure and luminescence properties

The new semirigid exo-bidentate ligand incorporating furfurysalicylamide terminal groups, namely, 1,4-bis([(2′-furfurylaminoformyl)phenoxyl]methyl)-2,5-bismethylbenzene (L) was synthesized and used as building blocks for constructing lanthanide coordination polymers with luminescent properties. The series of lanthanide nitrate complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The semirigid ligand L, as a bridging ligand, reacts with lanthanide nitrates forming three distinct structure types: chiral noninterpenetrated two-dimensional (2D) honeycomblike (6,3) (hcb, Schläfli symbol 6{sup 3}, vertex symbol 6 6 6) topological network as type I, 1D zigzag chain as type II and 1D trapezoid ladder-like chain as type III. The structural diversities indicate that lanthanide contraction effect played significant roles in the structural self-assembled process. The luminescent properties of Eu{sup III}, Tb{sup III} and Dy{sup III} complexes are discussed in detail. Due to the good match between the lowest triplet state of the ligand and the resonant energy level of the lanthanide ion, the lanthanide ions in Eu{sup III}, Tb{sup III} and Dy{sup III} complexes can be efficiently sensitized by the ligand. - Graphical abstract: We present herein six lanthanide coordination polymers of a new semirigid exo-bidentate ligand which not only display diverse structures but also possess strong luminescence properties. - Highlights: • We present lanthanide coordination polymers of a new semirigid exo-bidentate ligand. • The lanthanide coordination polymers exhibit diverse structures. • The luminescent properties of Tb{sup III}, Eu{sup III} and Dy{sup III} complexes are discussed in detail.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Assembly of 4-, 6- and 8-connected Cd(II) pseudo-polymorphic coordination polymers: Synthesis, solvent-dependent structural variation and properties

The reaction of Cd(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}·4H{sub 2}O, 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H{sub 2}tdc) and 1,2-bis(imidazol-1′-yl)methane (bimm) by modulating solvent systems yielded three highly connected pseudo-polymorphic coordination polymers based on different dinuclear [Cd{sub 2}(CO{sub 2}){sub 2}] subunits bridged by carboxylate groups. Single crystal structural analyses reveal structural variation from 4-connected 2D sql layer, 6-connected 2-fold interpenetrated 3D pcu to 8-connected 3D bcu-type network in compounds 1–3. The structural dissimilarity in the structures dependent on the coordination environments of Cd(II) ions and linking modes of mixed ligand influenced by different solvent systems during the synthesis process. Moreover, thermogravimetric and photoluminescence behaviors of 1–3 were also investigated for the first time, and all the complexes emit blue luminescence in the solid state. - Graphical abstract: Key Topic. Different solvent systems modulated three Cd(II) pseudo-polymorphic coordination polymers based on thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate and 1,2-bis(imidazol-1′-yl)methane mixed ligands. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Three solvent-dependent Cd(II) pseudo-polymorphic coordination polymers have been synthesized. • Structural variation from 4-connected 2D layer, 6-connected 2-fold interpenetrated 3D net to 8-connected 3D net. • All complexes emit blue luminescence.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Influence of biphenyl spacer appended to the flexible phosphonate arms in modulating the dimensionality of the coordination polymers: Synthesis, structural chemistry and magnetic properties

Two new compounds [Co (2,2 Prime -bipy) (H{sub 2}dbp)]{sub n} (1) and [Ni (2,2 Prime -bipy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}dbp)(H{sub 2}O)]{center_dot}H{sub 2}O (2) based on the flexible ligand 4,4 Prime -dimethylenebiphenyldiphosphonic acid (H{sub 4}dbp) with 2,2 Prime -bipyridine as secondary ligand have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Both the compounds are well characterized by routine elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis and finally by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 is a 1D extended coordination polymer and 2 is a discrete molecular compound. A comparative study between the geometries of H{sub 4}dbp ligand (in compounds 1 and 2, present study) and p-xylylenediphosphonic acid (H{sub 4}pxp) ligand (in previously reported compounds [Cu(2,2 Prime -bipy)(H{sub 2}pxp)]{center_dot}nH{sub 2}O (1A) and Ni(2,2 Prime -bipy){sub 2}H{sub 4}pxp]{sub n}[H{sub 2}pxp]{sub n} (2A), see text) demonstrate the effect of the twisting in the benzene rings in changing higher dimensional H{sub x}pxp (x refers to number of protonated hydroxyl groups) compounds to lower dimensional H{sub x}dbp compounds. The eight membered Co-dimer rings formed in compound 1 represents the simple and isolated Co-dimer, exhibiting weak antiferromagnetic exchange between metal centers through OPO bridges. - Graphical abstract: Two new compounds based on the dimethylenebiphenyldiphosphonic acid have been synthesized. The effect of twisting of benzene rings in the biphenyl spacer containing multidentate ligands alters dimensionality of final compounds. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cobalt containing coordination polymer and a nickel discrete compound have been synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Flexible ligand 4,4'-dimethylenebiphenyldiphosphonic acid has been employed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Co(II) and Ni(II) ions are square pyramidal and octahedral respectively. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of the twisting in the benzene rings in the associated ligand has been demonstrated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗