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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records

Arterial pulse wave pressure transducer

An arterial pulse wave pressure transducer is introduced. The transducer is comprised of a fluid filled cavity having a flexible membrane disposed over the cavity and adapted to be placed on the skin over an artery. An arterial pulse wave creates pressure pulses in the fluid which are transduced, by a pressure sensitive transistor in direct contact with the fluid, into an electric signal. The electrical signal is representative of the pulse waves and can be recorded so as to monitor changes in the elasticity of the arterial walls.

Kim, C.↗

An economical arterial-pulse-wave transducer

Transducer records arterial pulses externally. Device uses thin plastic membrane which is fluid coupled to pressure sensitive transistor. Transistor is connected to amplifier which, in turn, is connected to recorder. End section is threaded to accept suitable holder and contains pressure relief vent allowing transistor to sense only pressure levels greater than atmospheric.

Kim, C.↗

Ultrasonic measurement of elastic moduli in slender specimens using extensional and torsional wave pulses.

The pulse-echo method using extensional and torsional waves is described relative to determining elastic properties and other characteristics of specimens which are slender acoustically. Several applications are reviewed, including: glass fibers of diameter 16 to 42 microns; glass rods of diameter about 1 mm, tested to 700 C; iron-base alloys of diameter 3.2 mm, tested from nearly -200 up to +200 C; titanium specimens of rectangular cross section, 1.5 by 3 mm; and tantalum-base alloys of diameter 6.4 mm, tested up to 1400 C. Limitations are pointed out regarding dispersive materials and geometry.

Lynnworth, L. C.↗

Microprocessor-Based Neural-Pulse-Wave Analyzer

Microprocessor-based system analyzes amplitudes and rise times of neural waveforms. Displaying histograms of measured parameters helps researchers determine how many nerves contribute to signal and specify waveform characteristics of each. Results are improved noise rejection, full or partial separation of overlapping peaks, and isolation and identification of related peaks in different histograms. 2

Kojima, G. K.↗

Pulsed-echo interface wave characterization of bolted plates

Ultrasonic waves which propagate along the plane boundary separating two solid substrates were used to characterize aluminum and titanium plates adhesively bonded and bolted together. Wave pulses were used to produce interface waves between the aluminum and a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy bar by normal mode conversion. Interface wave reflections from bolt holes drilled through the interface were reconverted to surface wave pulses and detected by the same wedge by standard pulse-echo techniques. Time of flight measurements indicate that the reflected waves are a supersonic of longitudinal modes and circularly symmetric waves that propagate around the bolt hole.

Turner, T. M.↗

Engineering studies of vectorcardiographs in blood pressure measuring systems, appendix 2

The development of a cardiovascular monitoring system to noninvasively monitor the blood pressure and heart rate using pulse wave velocity was described. The following topics were covered: (1) pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial blood pressure, (2) diastolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity in humans, (3) transducer development for blood pressure measuring device, and (4) cardiovascular monitoring system. It was found, in experiments on dogs, that the pulse wave velocity is linearly related to diastolic blood pressure over a wide range of blood pressure and in the presence of many physiological perturbations. A similar relationship was observed in normal, young human males over a moderate range of pressures. Past methods for monitoring blood pressure and a new method based on pulse wave velocity determination were described. Two systems were tested: a Doppler ultrasonic transducer and a photoelectric plethysmograph. A cardiovascular monitoring system was described, including operating instructions.

Mark, R. G.↗

Analysis of an axial compressor blade vibration based on wave reflection theory

The paper describes application of the theory of wave reflection in turbomachines to rotor blade vibrations measured in an axial compressor stage. The blade vibrations analyzed could not be predicted using various flutter prediction techniques. The wave reflection theory, first advanced in 1966, is expanded, and more general equations for the rotor blade excitation frequencies are derived. The results of the analysis indicate that all examined rotor blade vibrations can be explained by forced excitations caused by reflecting waves (pressure pulses). Wave reflections between the rotor blades and both the upstream and downstream stator vanes had to be considered.

Owczarek, J. A.↗

Performance Analysis of a Hardware Implemented Complex Signal Kurtosis Radio-Frequency Interference Detector

In the field of microwave radiometry, Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) consistently degrades the value of scientific results. Through the use of digital receivers and signal processing, the effects of RFI on scientific measurements can be reduced depending on certain circumstances. As technology allows us to implement wider band digital receivers for radiometry, the problem of RFI mitigation changes. Our work focuses on finding a detector that outperforms real kurtosis in wide band scenarios. The algorithm implemented is a complex signal kurtosis detector which was modeled and simulated. The performance of both complex and real signal kurtosis is evaluated for continuous wave, pulsed continuous wave, and wide band quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulations. The use of complex signal kurtosis increased the detectability of interference.

microwaves↗

Numerical simulations of a pulsed detonation wave augmentation device

We present here the concept of a hybrid engine for Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) air-breathing hypersonic vehicle. This concept relies on the use of pulsed detonation waves, both for thrust generation and mixing/combustion augmentation. We describe the principles behind the engine concept, which we call the Pulsed Detonation Wave Augmentor (PDWA). We demonstrate the principles of operation for two possible configurations through numerical simulations. We also attempt a first approximation to engine design, and propose various applications.

Cambier, Jean-Luc↗

Pulsed plane wave analytic solutions for generic shapes and the validation of Maxwell's equations solvers

Generic shapes are subjected to pulsed plane waves of arbitrary shape. The resulting scattered electromagnetic fields are determined analytically. These fields are then computed efficiently at field locations for which numerically determined EM fields are required. Of particular interest are the pulsed waveform shapes typically utilized by radar systems. The results can be used to validate the accuracy of finite difference time domain Maxwell's equations solvers. A two-dimensional solver which is second- and fourth-order accurate in space and fourth-order accurate in time is examined. Dielectric media properties are modeled by a ramping technique which simplifies the associated gridding of body shapes. The attributes of the ramping technique are evaluated by comparison with the analytic solutions.

Yarrow, Maurice↗

Pulsed Ejector Wave Propogation Test Program

The development of, and initial test data from, a nondetonating Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) simulator tested in the NASA Glenn 1 x 1 foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SWT) is presented in this paper. The concept is a pulsed ejector driven by the simulated exhaust of a PDE. This pro- gram is applicable to a PDE entombed in a ramjet flowpath, i.e., a PDE combined-cycle propulsion system. The ejector primary flow is a pulsed, uiiderexpanded, supersonic nozzle simulating the supersonic waves ema- nating from a PDE, while the ejector secondary flow is the 1 x 1 foot SWT test section operated at subsonic Mach numbers. The objective is not to study the detonation details, but the wave physics including t,he start- ing vortices, the extent of propagation of the wave front, the reflection of the wave from the secondary flowpath walls, and the timing of these events of a pulsed ejector, and correlate these with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code predictions. Pulsed ejectors have been shown to result in a 3 to 1 improvement in LID (length-to-diameter) and a near 2 to 1 improvement in thrust augmentation over a steady ejector. This program will also explore the extent of upstream interactions between an inlet and large, periodically applied, backpressures to the inlet as would be present due to combustion tube detonations in a PDE. These interactions could result in inlet unstart or buzz for a supersonic mixed compression inlet. The design of the present experiment entailed the use of an 2-t diagram characteristics code to study the nozzle filling and purging timescales as well as a series of CFD analyses conducted using the WIND code. The WIND code is a general purpose CFD code for solution of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and can be applied to both steady state and time-accurate calculations. The first, proof-of-concept, test entry (spring 2001) pressure distributions shown here indicate the simulation concept was successful and therefore the experimental approach is sound.

Fernandez, Rene↗

Dual physiological rate measurement instrument

The object of the invention is to provide an instrument for converting a physiological pulse rate into a corresponding linear output voltage. The instrument which accurately measures the rate of an unknown rectangular pulse wave over an extended range of values comprises a phase-locked loop including a phase comparator, a filtering network, and a voltage-controlled oscillator, arranged in cascade. The phase comparator has a first input responsive to the pulse wave and a second input responsive to the output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator. The comparator provides a signal dependent on the difference in phase and frequency between the signals appearing on the first and second inputs. A high-input impedance amplifier accepts an output from the filtering network and provides an amplified output DC signal to a utilization device for providing a measurement of the rate of the pulse wave.

Cooper, Tommy G.↗

Carrier phase recovery performance for PN-spread TDRSS link with radio-frequency interference

The carrier-phase recovery performance of a Costas loop for a nonlinear satellite channel with uplink and downlink noise is analyzed, and the extension of these results to the case where uplink radio-frequency interference (RFI) is present is considered. The signal format here is binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) or unbalanced quaternary phase-shift-keyed (UQPSK), the signals being either the non-return-to-zero (NRZ) or biphase (Manchester) type. With UQPSK, at least one data stream must be PN-spread. The channel comprises additive white Gaussian noise (WGN), a wideband filter, a bandpass nonlinearity and more additive WGN. The RFI being considered is pulsed continuous-wave, pulsed WGN, or a combination of the two. It is noted that the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) will be subjected to RFI from certain locations, especially in the S-band of frequencies. The characteristics of this link are generalized to form the assumptions underlying this analysis. The analytical results given include the S-curve of the equivalent loop and the phase-error variance of the linearized loop.

Mckenzie, T. M.↗