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Results for “Quadrupole moment”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
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NASA NTRS1974

Quadrupole moment of CO, N2, and NO/+/

Evaluation of quadrupole moments obtained for CO, N2, and NO(+) with multiconfiguration self-consistent-field wave functions chosen by the optimized valence configuration (OVC) approach of Wahl and Das (1972). The quadrupole moments thus obtained are compared with both experimental and Hartree-Fock values. The Hartree-Fock results are found to be not very accurate for N2, especially if vibrational averages over vibrational levels greater than 1 or 2 are to be taken. The agreement between the OVC quadrupole moment and the experimental values is found to be best for CO.

Billingsley, F. P., II↗
NASA NTRS1978

The importance of determining the solar quadrupole moment

Current theoretical modelling of the sun is in difficulty. Additional observations must be made to place constraints on the plethora of conjectures that have been advanced to explain the low neutrino flux and to guide solar model builders in their search to understand the deep interior of the sun. A determination of the magnitude of the solar quadrupole moment, is one such constraint; it places limits on the density, angular velocity and magnetic field distributions inside the sun.

Roxburgh, I. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

An effect of nuclear electric quadrupole moments in thermonuclear fusion plasmas

Consideration of the nuclear electric quadrupole terms in the expression for the fusion Coulomb barrier suggests that this electrostatic barrier may be substantially modified from that calculated under the usual plasma assumption that the nuclei are electric monopoles. This effect is a result of the nonspherical potential shape and the spatial quantization of the nuclear spins of the fully stripped ions in the presence of a magnetic field. For monopole-quadrupole fuel cycles like p-B-11, the fusion cross-section may be substantially increased at low energies if the protons are injected at a small angle relative to the confining magnetic field.

De, B. R.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Hyperfine structure of excited states and quadrupole moment of Ne-21 using laser-induced line-narrowing techniques.

Observation results are presented on the optical hyperfine structure in Ne-21 obtained with the aid of laser-induced line-narrowing techniques. The output from a long stabilized single-mode 1.15-micron He-Ne laser focused into an external sample cell containing Ne-21 was used in implementing these techniques. Their applicability is demonstrated for optical hyperfine structure observation in systems whose features are ordinarily masked by Doppler broadening.

Ducas, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Solar-System Tests of Gravitational Theories

We are engaged in testing gravitational theory, mainly using observations of objects in the solar system and mainly on the interplanetary scale. Our goal is either to detect departures from the standard model (general relativity) - if any exist within the level of sensitivity of our data - or to support this model by placing tighter bounds on any departure from it. For this project, we have analyzed a combination of observational data with our model of the solar system, including planetary radar ranging, lunar laser ranging, and spacecraft tracking, as well as pulsar timing and pulsar VLBI measurements. In the past year, we have added to our data, primarily lunar laser ranging measurements, but also supplementary data concerning the physical properties of solar-system objects, such as the solar quadrupole moment, planetary masses, and asteroid radii. Because the solar quadrupole moment contributes to the classical precession of planetary perihelia, but with a dependence on distance from the Sun that differs from that of the relativistic precession, it is possible to estimate effects simultaneously. However, our interest is mainly in the relativistic effect, and we find that imposing a constraint on the quadrupole moment from helioseismology studies, gives us a dramatic (about ten-fold) decrease in the standard error of our estimate of the relativistic component of the perihelion advance.

Shapiro, Irwin I.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Triaxial Probe Magnetic Data Analysis

The Triaxial Magnetic Moment Analysis software uses measured magnetic field test data to compute dipole and quadrupole moment information from a hardware element. It is used to support JPL projects needing magnetic control and an understanding of the spacecraft-generated magnetic fields. Evaluation of the magnetic moment of an object consists of three steps: acquisition, conditioning, and analysis. This version of existing software was extensively rewritten for easier data acquisition, data analysis, and report presentation, including immediate feedback to the test operator during data acquisition. While prior JPL computer codes provided the same data content, this program has a better graphic display including original data overlaid with reconstructed results to show goodness of fit accuracy and better appearance of the report graphic page. Data are acquired using three magnetometers and two rotations of the device under test. A clean acquisition user interface presents required numeric data and graphic summaries, and the analysis module yields the best fit (least squares) for the magnetic dipole and/or quadrupole moment of a device. The acquisition module allows the user to record multiple data sets, selecting the best data to analyze, and is repeated three times for each of the z-axial and y-axial rotations. In this update, the y-axial rotation starting position has been changed to an option, allowing either the x- or z-axis to point towards the magnetometer. The code has been rewritten to use three simultaneous axes of magnetic data (three probes), now using two "rotations" of the device under test rather than the previous three rotations, thus reducing handling activities on the device under test. The present version of the software gathers data in one-degree increments, which permits much better accuracy of the fit ted data than the coarser data acquisition of the prior software. The data-conditioning module provides a clean data set for the analysis module. For multiple measurements at a given degree, the first measurement is used. For omitted measurements, the missing field is estimated by linear interpolation between the two nearest measurements. The analysis module was rewritten for the dual rotation, triaxial probe measurement process and now has better moment estimation accuracy, based on the finer one degree of data acquisition resolution. The magnetic moments thus computed are used as an input to summarize the total spacecraft field.

Shultz, Kimberly↗
NASA NTRS1989

Silicon chemistry in interstellar clouds

Interstellar SiO was discovered shortly after CO but it has been detected mainly in high density and high temperature regions associated with outflow sources. A new model of interstellar silicon chemistry that explains the lack of SiO detections in cold clouds is presented which contains an exponential temperature dependence for the SiO abundance. A key aspect of the model is the sensitivity of SiO production by neutral silicon reactions to density and temperature, which arises from the dependence of the rate coefficients on the population of the excited fine structure levels of the silicon atom. This effect was originally pointed out in the context of neutral reactions of carbon and oxygen by Graff, who noted that the leading term in neutral atom-molecule interactions involves the quadrupole moment of the atom. Similar to the case of carbon, the requirement that Si has a quadrupole moment requires population of the J = 1 level, which lies 111K above the J = 0 ground state and has a critical density n(cr) equal to or greater than 10(6)/cu cm. The SiO abundance then has a temperature dependence proportional to exp(-111/T) and a quadratic density dependence for n less than n(cr). As part of the explanation of the lack of SiO detections at low temperatures and densities, this model also emphasizes the small efficiencies of the production routes and the correspondingly long times needed to reach equilibrium. Measurements of the abundance of SiO, in conjunction with theory, can provide information on the physical properties of interstellar clouds such as the abundances of oxygen bearing molecules and the depletion of interstellar silicon.

Langer, William D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

A dipole moment of the microwave background as a cosmological effect

A spherically symmetrical Tolman-Bondi cosmological model is presented in which the curvature of space and the entropy variety with distance from the center. The dipole and quadrupole moments in the distribution of the microwave background radiation are calculated as a function of cosmic time and position of an observer, assuming that the distance to the horizon is much smaller than any characteristic scale in the model. The quadrupole moment is found to be affected mostly by the gradient in the curvature of space while the dipole moment is dominated by the gradient of entropy. The results indicate that the observed dipole in the microwave background may be cosmological in origin. Observational tests of this argument are suggested.

Paczynski, Bohdan↗
NASA NTRS1990

Changes in the orbital periods of close binary stars

A number of close binary stars show erratic changes in their orbital periods on time scales of order 5-10 yr. Recently it has been proposed that the period changes are the result of changes in the quadrupole moment of one star, caused in turn by an alteration of the internal structure of that star. Magnetic pressure, which either distorts the shape of the star or changes its tidally induced quadrupole moment, is suggested as the driving force behind the alteration. Here, the amount of energy required to distort one component of a binary and match the observed period changes is estimated. The rate at which energy is produced or lost is governed by the thermal time scale of the star, and the estimates indicate that the observed period changes would take at least 1000 yr for the tidal quadrupole mechanism, and of order 60 yr to match a period change in V471 Tau which took only 4 yr.

Marsh, T. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Relativity experiment on Helios - A status report

The relativity experiment on Helios (Experiment 11) uses S-band and Doppler data, and spacecraft-solar-orbital data to measure the effects of general relativity in the solar system and the quadrupole moment in the solar gravitational field. Specifically, Experiment 11 is converned with measuring the following effects: (1) relativistic orbital corrections described by two parameters of the space-time metric which are both equal to unity in Einstein's theory; (2) orbital perturbations caused by a finite quadrupole moment of an oblate sun, described by zonal harmonics in the solar gravitational field.

Anderson, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1991

On the Galactic origin of gamma-ray bursts

Statistical properties of the distribution of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are analyzed assuming that bursters are located in the Galactic disk or in the Galactic halo. It is shown that, in almost all models, angular anisotropy as measured with either dipole or quadrupole moments is much stronger and should be much easier to detect than the radial nonuniformity of the source distribution as measured with V/V sub max test. Recent reports that V/V sub max is about 0.4 demonstrate that the 'edge' of GRBs distribution has been reached. Therefore, if the bursters are in the Galaxy, then their distribution in the sky should be very anisotropic, with a large dipole or quadrupole moment for halo or disk origin, respectively. Absence of strong anisotropy would indicate cosmological origin. Another possibility could be a very extended halo origin, with the core radius Rc greater than 17 kpc, the range of observations Dmax greater than 50 kpc, and a spherical density distribution, the set of conditions that would be very difficult to understand.

Paczynski, Bohdan↗
NASA NTRS1975

Numerical simulation of turbulent jet noise, part 1

Flow characteristics, such as quadrupole moments are examined in order to study generation of aerodynamic noise. The mean flow quantities are set in accordance with experimental data and the incompressible Navier-Stokes are solved numerically. Isolated downstream sections of a turbulent jet are modelled separately with the mean flow characteristics held constant in time. The flows are allowed to evolve until the fluctuating velocity components reach a statistically steady state. Cross section contour plots of the velocity components and the quadrupole moments at three different downstream positions are presented.

Metcalfe, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A general, gauge-invariant analysis of the cosmic microwave anisotropy

A general, gauge-invariant analysis of the large-scale anisotropies in the cosmic background radiation produced by arbitrary scalar, vector, or tensor perturbations in open, closed, or flat Robertson-Walker spacetimes (with no cosmological constant) is presented. The multipole moment predictions for the scale invariant spectrum and Omega = 1 universe predicted by inflationary cosmologies are contrasted with those for other spectra and for open and closed universes. Using the measured value of the dipole moment, limits are set on the expected value of the quadrupole moment as a function of Omega for various spectra.

Abbott, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The magnetosphere of Saturn

Pioneer 11 and Voyager 1 and 2 magnetic field measurements over the entire flyby of Saturn's magnetic field have been analyzed by fitting a magnetospheric dipole field (i.e., a dipole field plus the field due to currents in the magnetopause), higher moments of the internal field aligned with the dipole along the rotation axis, and the field due to an equatorial sheet current to the magnetic measurements. A dipole moment of 21,431 nT R(s) exp 3, a quadrupole moment of 2403 nT R(s) exp 4, an octopole moment of 2173 nT R(s) exp 5, and an equatorial sheet current of half thickness 2.0 R(s) from about 5 R(s) to the solar edge of the magnetopause, fit the measurements over the entire magnetosphere with an rms deviation of 3.2 nT where R(s) is the planet radius, 66,330 km. The primary feature of the present analysis is the explicit inclusion of the calculated magnetopause current field, which reduces the overall rms deviation over the entire flyby from sigma values of 4.7 and 5.9 nT, using previous models, to 3.2 nT using the present.

Beard, David B.↗