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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Application of Accelerator Technology to Quantum Information Science

The intersection of accelerator and quantum information science (QIS) offers a unique platform to advance both fields through shared technology and infrastructure. This talk will discuss the synergies which exist between these two vastly different but complementary domains. We demonstrate how we leverage pre-existing infrastructure and knowledge to perform research and development which helps to realize dramatic improvements in both 10 km long accelerators and 10 cm large quantum processors. We will explore niobium superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities, a highly advanced technology that excels in efficiently storing electromagnetic energy, enabling ultra-long photon lifetimes critical for quantum processors and facilitating the characterization of quantum materials with parts-per-billion precision. We will also discuss how advancements in superconducting materials, cryogenic systems, and control techniques help to reduce cost and improve performance for both quantum systems and particle accelerators. Moreover, we will discuss cross-disciplinary applications such as dark-matter searches and demonstrate the convergence of these fields in addressing fundamental scientific questions.

Bafia, Daniel [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum for Energy Systems and Technologies

Quantum Information Science (QIS) is expected to profoundly change the practice of science and engineering in the coming decades. QIS technology exploits quantum phenomena for performing tasks that are impossible to do today and is a rapidly progressing field, fueled by large investments from the private sector and governments. Its importance to the U.S. economy and national security is underscored by the National Quantum Initiative Act (NQIA) passed in December 2018, which creates a coordinated multiagency program to support research and training in QIS. After the NIQA signed into law, NETL has launched an initiative to apply QIS to problems encountered in energy technology development. In Jan. 2020, an Quantum for Energy Systems & Technologies (QUEST) working group was formed to establish a workforce capable of developing, reviewing, managing, and advising on QIS-related technologies for NETL and FECM. Since then, the QUEST team have been working on developing quantum sensing technology and performing quantum computing to solve energy-related problems. This poster summarized the QUEST team’s activities & accomplishments on QIS targeting energy-related applications.

Paudel, Hari P.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum for Energy Systems and Technologies

Quantum information science (QIS) is creating a transformative opportunity to improve processes for energy production, distribution, and consumption. In this presentation, we will show the works that are currently pursued into two major directions, (i) quantum sensing and (ii) quantum computing is undergoing in order to find applications in the areas of carbon captures, critical minerals and gas sensing applications.

Paudel, Hari P.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Demonstration of Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Quantum Hardware

Teleporting physical quantities to remote locations remains a key challenge for quantum information science and technology. Quantum teleportation has enabled the transfer of quantum information, but teleportation of quantum physical quantities has not yet been realized. Here we report the realization and observation of quantum energy teleportation on real superconducting quantum hardware. We achieve this by using several IBM superconducting quantum computers. The results are consistent with the exact solution of the theory and are improved by the mitigation of measurement error. Quantum energy teleportation requires only local operations and classical communication. Furthermore, our results provide a realistic benchmark that is fully achievable with current quantum computing and communication technologies.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

ZnO quantum dot–molecule conjugates: Chemical interactions, charge dynamics, and spin polarization

Conjugates between molecules and quantum dots (QDs) have been explored for a range of potential applications from photocatalysis and photovoltaics to quantum information science technologies. A particularly ubiquitous material in many of these applications are ZnO QDs since they can accept and transport electrons and can also act as hosts for unique spin states. Conjugates between molecular light absorbers and ZnO QDs have been explored for decades as components in dye-sensitized solar cells. Recently, these materials have also attracted interest for their ability to produce spin-polarized states upon photoexcitation. The current paper employs a series of light absorbing perylene molecules with different ZnO QD sizes to explore key features of these QD–molecule conjugates: (1) chemical interactions, (2) charge dynamics, and (3) spin polarization. The chemical interactions between the molecules and QDs are determined with binding equilibria and reveal dramatic impact of ligand size. The charge transfer dynamics from photoexcited perylenes to ZnO QDs were found to depend exponentially on the linker length. Finally, time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance experiments reveal that these conjugates generate spin-polarized states in the form of radical pairs and triplets. These spin states hold promise as potential qubits and also offer an avenue to efficiently sensitize molecular triplets.

Hernandez, Frida S. [Amherst College, MA (United S↗
DOE OSTI2023

Approximate Boltzmann distributions in quantum approximate optimization

Approaches to compute or estimate the output probability distributions from the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are needed to assess the likelihood it will obtain a quantum computational advantage. We analyze output from QAOA circuits solving 7200 random MaxCut instances, with $n$ = 14–23 qubits and depth parameter $p$ ≤ 12 and find that the average basis state probabilities follow approximate Boltzmann distributions: The average probabilities scale exponentially with their energy (cut value), with a peak at the optimal solution. Furthermore, we describe the rate of exponential scaling or effective temperature in terms of a series with a leading-order term $T$ ~ $C$ min /$n$ $\sqrt{p}$, with $C$ min the optimal solution energy. Using this scaling, we generate approximate output distributions with up to 38 qubits and find these give accurate accounts of important performance metrics in cases we can simulate exactly.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Physically motivated analytical expression for the temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

The temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) between the | $m_s$ = 0 $\rangle$ and | $m_s$ = ±1 $\rangle$ levels of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center's electronic ground-state spin triplet can be used as a robust nanoscale thermometer in a broad range of environments. However, despite numerous measurements of this dependence in different temperature ranges, to our knowledge no analytical expression has been put forward that captures the scaling of the ZFS of the NV center across all relevant temperatures. Here we present a simple, analytical, and physically motivated expression for the temperature dependence of the NV center's ZFS that matches all experimental observations, in which the ZFS shifts in proportion to the occupation numbers of two representative phonon modes. In contrast to prior models our expression does not diverge outside the regions of fitting. In conclusion, we show that our model quantitatively matches experimental measurements of the ZFS from 15 to 500 K in single NV centers in ultrapure bulk diamond, and we compare our model and measurements to prior models and experimental data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Projection algorithm for state preparation on quantum computers

We present an efficient method to prepare states of a many-body system on quantum hardware, first isolating individual quantum numbers and then using time evolution to isolate the energy. Our method in its simplest form requires only one additional auxiliary qubit. The total time evolved for an accurate solution is proportional to the ratio of the spectrum range of the trial state to the gap to the lowest excited state, a substantial improvement over other projection algorithms, and the accuracy increases exponentially with the time evolved. Isolating the quantum numbers is efficient because of the known eigenvalues and increases the gap thus shortening the propagation time required. The success rate of the algorithm, or the probability of producing the desired state, is a simple function of measurement times and phases and is dominated by the square overlap of the original state to the desired state. We present examples from the nuclear shell model and the Heisenberg model. In conclusion, we compare this algorithm to previous algorithms for short evolution times and discuss potential further improvements.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum error thresholds for gauge-redundant digitizations of lattice field theories

In the quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories, gauge symmetry can be either fixed or encoded as a redundancy of the Hilbert space. While gauge-fixing reduces the number of qubits, keeping the gauge redundancy can provide code space to mitigate and correct quantum errors by checking and restoring Gauss’s law. In this work, we consider the correctable errors for generic finite gauge groups and design the quantum circuits to detect and correct them. We calculate the error thresholds below which the gauge-redundant digitization with Gauss’s law error correction has better fidelity than the gauge-fixed digitization involving only gauge-invariant states. Our results provide guidance for fault-tolerant quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics

Strong motivation for investing in quantum sensing arises from the need to investigate phenomena that are very weakly coupled to the matter and fields well described by the Standard Model. These can be related to the problems of dark matter, dark sectors not necessarily related to dark matter (for example sterile neutrinos), dark energy and gravity, fundamental constants, and problems with the Standard Model itself including the Strong CP problem in QCD. Resulting experimental needs typically involve the measurement of very low energy impulses or low power periodic signals that are normally buried under large backgrounds. This report documents the findings of the 2023 Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics workshop which identified enabling quantum information science technologies that could be utilized in future particle physics experiments, targeting high energy physics science goals.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS2024

Proceedings of the Quantum Sensing Workshop, September 2022

To understand the NASA needs for quantum-sensing technologies and the capabilities developed internal and external to NASA, a workshop was held on September 27 through 29, 2022, in Newport News, VA. This workshop brought together senior leadership within NASA, technical experts within the quantum sensing community, NASA scientists and potential end-users of quantum-sensing technologies, and external stakeholders. This document contains the papers and presentations given at the Workshop.

Quantum Sensing↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterizing non-Markovian and coherent errors in quantum simulation

Quantum simulation of many-body systems, particularly using ultracold atoms and trapped ions, presents a unique form of quantum control—it is a direct implementation of a multi-qubit gate generated by the Hamiltonian. As a consequence, it also faces a unique challenge in terms of benchmarking, because the well-established gate benchmarking techniques are unsuitable for this form of quantum control. Here we show that the symmetries of the target many-body Hamiltonian can be used not only to benchmark but to characterize experimental errors in the quantum simulation. We use our results to develop protocols to characterize these errors, which can be implemented using state-of-the-art technology. We consider two forms of errors: (i) unitary errors arising out of systematic errors in the applied Hamiltonian and (ii) canonical non-Markovian errors arising out of random shot-to-shot fluctuations in the applied Hamiltonian. We show that the dynamics of the expectation value of the target Hamiltonian itself, which is ideally constant in time, can be used to characterize these errors. In the presence of errors, the expectation value of the target Hamiltonian shows a characteristic thermalization dynamics, when it satisfies the operator thermalization hypothesis (OTH). That is, an oscillation in the short time followed by relaxation to a steady-state value in the long time limit. We show that while the steady-state value can be used to characterize the coherent errors, the amplitude of the oscillations can be used to estimate the non-Markovian errors. We prove a sandwich theorem to establish a linear relation between the amplitude of the oscillations and the magnitude of the non-Markovian errors. Moreover, by varying the initial state, we show that the steady state values can be used to completely construct the generator of the coherent errors. Using these results, we develop two experimental protocols to characterize the unitary errors based on these results, one of which requires single-qubit addressing and the other one doesn't. We also develop a protocol to characterize non-Markovian errors. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗