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At least 19 records

Identification of Non-Fermi Liquid Physics in a Quantum Critical Metal via Quantum Loop Topography

Non-Fermi liquid physics is ubiquitous in strongly correlated metals, manifesting itself in anomalous transport properties, such as a $\textit{T}$-linear resistivity in experiments. However, its theoretical understanding in terms of microscopic models is lacking, despite decades of conceptual work and attempted numerical simulations. In this work, we demonstrate that a combination of sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo sampling and quantum loop topography, a physics-inspired machine-learning approach, can map out the emergence of non-Fermi liquid physics in the vicinity of a quantum critical point (QCP) with little prior knowledge. Using only three parameter points for training the underlying neural network, we are able to robustly identify a stable non-Fermi liquid regime tracing the fans of metallic QCPs at the onset of both spin-density wave and nematic order. In particular, we establish for the first time that a spin-density wave QCP commands a wide fan of non-Fermi liquid region that funnels into the quantum critical point. Our study thereby provides an important proof-of-principle example that new physics can be detected via unbiased machine-learning approaches.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Landau-Forbidden Quantum Criticality in Rydberg Quantum Simulators

The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory of phase transitions precludes a continuous transition between two phases that spontaneously break distinct symmetries. However, quantum mechanical effects can intertwine the symmetries, giving rise to an exotic phenomenon called deconfined quantum criticality (DQC). Here, in this Letter, we study the ground state phase diagram of a one-dimensional array of individually trapped neutral atoms interacting strongly via Rydberg states, and demonstrate through extensive numerical simulations that it hosts a variety of symmetry-breaking phases and their transitions including DQC. We show how an enlarged, emergent continuous symmetry arises at the DQCs, which can be experimentally observed in the joint distribution of two distinct order parameters, obtained within measurement snapshots in the standard computational basis. Our findings highlight quantum simulators of Rydberg atoms not only as promising platforms to experimentally realize such exotic phenomena, but also as unique ones allowing access to physical properties not obtainable in traditional experiments.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Strain-tuned quantum criticality in electronic Potts-nematic systems

Motivated by recent observations of threefold rotational symmetry breaking in twisted moiré systems, cold-atom optical lattices, quantum Hall systems, and triangular antiferromagnets, we phenomenologically investigate the strain-temperature phase diagram of the electronic 3-state Potts-nematic order. While in the absence of strain the quantum Potts-nematic transition is first-order, quantum critical points (QCP) emerge when uniaxial strain is applied, whose nature depends on whether the strain is compressive or tensile. In one case, the nematic amplitude jumps between two non-zero values while the nematic director remains pinned, leading to a symmetry-preserving metanematic transition that terminates at a quantum critical end-point. For the other type of strain, the nematic director unlocks from the strain direction and spontaneously breaks an in-plane twofold rotational symmetry, which in twisted moiré superlattices triggers an electric polarization. Such a piezoelectric transition changes from first to second-order upon increasing strain, resulting in a quantum tricritical point. Using a Hertz-Millis approach, we show that these QCPs share interesting similarities with the widely studied Ising-nematic QCP. The existence of three minima in the nematic action also leaves fingerprints in the strain-nematic hysteresis curves, which display multiple loops. At non-zero temperatures, because the upper critical dimension of the 3-state Potts model is smaller than three, the Potts-nematic transition is expected to remain first-order in 3D, but to change to second-order in 2D. As a result, the 2D strain-temperature phase diagram displays two first-order transition wings bounded by lines of critical end-points or tricritical points, reminiscent of the phase diagram of metallic ferromagnets. Furthermore, we discuss how our results can be used to unambiguously identify spontaneous Potts-nematic order.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Formation of short-range magnetic order and avoided ferromagnetic quantum criticality in pressurized LaCrGe 3

LaCrGe 3 has attracted attention as a paradigm example of the avoidance of ferromagnetic (FM) quantum criticality in an itinerant magnet. In this work, we combined thermodynamic (specific heat and thermal expansion), transport, x-ray, and neutron scattering as well as μSR measurements to obtain insights on the temperature-pressure phase diagram of LaCrGe 3 . Consistent with previous studies of the phase diagram by transport measurements, our thermodynamic data shows clearly that the FM transition at T FM changes its character from second order to first order when it is suppressed to low temperatures by pressure. In addition, previous studies demonstrated that for high pressures a new phase occurs below T 2 , which was proposed to be a long-wavelength antiferromagnetic state (AFM q ). In this paper, we provide evidence from our thermodynamic data that this phase transition is preceded by yet another phase transition at T 1 >T 2 . Our μSR data indicate that full magnetic volume fraction is only established below T 2 , but that this magnetism is characterized by a short correlation length. Within the experimental resolution, our neutron-scattering data is not able to identify any magnetic Bragg peaks. Overall, the microscopic magnetic data is therefore consistent with the formation of FM clusters in the proximity of the avoided FM quantum critical point in LaCrGe 3 . This conclusion is at odds with the previous proposal of AFM q order and raises questions on the role of disorder in this stochiometric compound.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Quantum criticality using a superconducting quantum processor

Quantum criticality emerges from the collective behavior of many interacting quantum particles, often at the transition between different phases of matter. It is one of the cornerstones of condensed matter physics, which we access on noisy intermediate-scale (NISQ) quantum devices by leveraging a dynamically driven phenomenon. Here we probe the critical properties of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model on a programmable superconducting quantum chip via a Kibble-Zurek process, obtain scaling laws, and estimate critical exponents despite inherent sources of errors on the hardware. In addition, we investigate how the improvement of NISQ computers (more qubits, less noise) will consolidate the computation of those universal physical properties. A one-parameter noise model captures the effect of imperfections and reproduces the experimental data. Its systematic study reveals that the noise, analogously to temperature, induces a new length scale in the system. We introduce and successfully verify modified scaling laws, directly accounting for the noise without any prior knowledge. It makes data analyses for extracting physical properties transparent to noise. By understanding how imperfect quantum hardware modifies the genuine properties of quantum states of matter, we enhance the power of NISQ processors considerably for addressing quantum criticality and potentially other phenomena and algorithms.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Amplified response of cavity-coupled quantum-critical systems

A quantum critical point develops when matter undergoes a continuous transformation between distinct ground states at absolute zero. It hosts pronounced quantum fluctuations, which render the system highly susceptible to external perturbations. While light-matter coupling has rapidly moved forward as a means to probe and control quantum materials, the capacity of quantum critical fluctuations in the photon-mediated responses has been largely unexplored. Here we advance the notion that directly coupling a quantum critical mode to a quantized cavity field dramatically facilitates the realization of the elusive superradiant phase transition in equilibrium, circumventing at once the key obstacles that have prevented its attainment in spite of decades of pursuit. The superradiant phase transition develops far below the ultrastrong regime of light-matter couplings, and the transition is accompanied by the light-matter hybrid system showing strongly enhanced intrinsic squeezing and amplified quantum Fisher information. We also identify candidate cavity quantum materials platforms for validating the proposed effect. Our findings suggest a general principle by which quantum criticality amplifies the response to cavity photons. They also demonstrate that cavity coupling accesses the elevated quantum entanglement of the underlying matter at quantum criticality, thereby pointing to a pathway towards realizing the potential of highly collective quantum materials to expand the capacities of quantum information science.

Sur, Shouvik [Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United Stat↗

Detecting Quantum Critical Points of Correlated Systems by Quantum Convolutional Neural Network Using Data from Variational Quantum Eigensolver

Machine learning has been applied to a wide variety of models, from classical statistical mechanics to quantum strongly correlated systems, for classifying phase transitions. The recently proposed quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) provides a new framework for using quantum circuits instead of classical neural networks as the backbone of classification methods. We present the results from training the QCNN by the wavefunctions of the variational quantum eigensolver for the one-dimensional transverse field Ising model (TFIM). We demonstrate that the QCNN identifies wavefunctions corresponding to the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases of the TFIM with reasonable accuracy. The QCNN can be trained to predict the corresponding ‘phase’ of wavefunctions around the putative quantum critical point even though it is trained by wavefunctions far away. The paper provides a basis for exploiting the QCNN to identify the quantum critical point.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Quantum critical fluctuations in an Fe-based superconductor

Abstract Quantum critical fluctuations may prove to play an instrumental role in the formation of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we show that the characteristic scaling of a marginal Fermi liquid is present in inelastic light scattering data of an Fe-based superconductor tuned through a quantum critical point (QCP) by chemical substitution or doping. From the doping dependence of the imaginary time dynamics we are able to distinguish regions dominated by quantum critical behavior from those having classical critical responses. This dichotomy reveals a connection between the marginal Fermi liquid behavior and quantum criticality. In particular, the overlap between regions of high superconducting transition temperatures and quantum critical scaling suggests a contribution from quantum fluctuations to the formation of superconductivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Nematic quantum criticality in an Fe-based superconductor revealed by strain-tuning

Quantum criticality may be essential to understanding a wide range of exotic electronic behavior; however, conclusive evidence of quantum critical fluctuations has been elusive in many materials of current interest. An expected characteristic feature of quantum criticality is power-law behavior of thermodynamic quantities as a function of a nonthermal tuning parameter close to the quantum critical point (QCP). Here, we observed power-law behavior of the critical temperature of the coupled nematic/structural phase transition as a function of uniaxial stress in a representative family of iron-based superconductors, providing direct evidence of quantum critical nematic fluctuations in this material. These quantum critical fluctuations are not confined within a narrow regime around the QCP but rather extend over a wide range of temperatures and compositions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Theoretical Studies of Polar Systems near Ferroelectrics Quantum Critical Points (Final Report)

The PI has studied emergent quantum phases near polar quantum critical points. A first challenge was to develop a theoretical description of the observation that many polar materials undergo classical first-order transitions while displaying quantum criticality. The possibility of novel metallic states near polar quantum critical points was then studied; identification and characterization of a non-Fermi liquid phase was made in a multiband system. In dilute quantum critical polar metals, electronic coupling to polar energy fluctuations was shown to result in attractive electron-electron interactions and to superconductivity. A spin-phonon resonance measurement in applied magnetic field was proposed to determine the magnitude of spin-orbit mediated electron-phonon coupling; furthermore in the polar phase new field-induced phonon collective modes were identified with specific signatures for experiment. In order to keep current, the PI has also worked on other types of strongly correlated problems. With experimental groups, she has developed phenomenologies to identify and explain observed dynamical critical behaviors. The PI has studied the interplay of topology, fractionalization and deconfinement in a minimalist spin model. An emergent phase transition in a 1 + 1 frustrated spin nanotube has also been identified and characterized. The PI has also begun exploring criticality out of equilibrium, characterizing rich dynamical phases associated with photoinduced polar transitions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

CoTe 2 : A Quantum Critical Dirac Metal with Strong Spin Fluctuations

Abstract Quantum critical points separating weak ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases trigger many novel phenomena. Dynamical spin fluctuations not only suppress the long‐range order, but can also lead to unusual transport and even superconductivity. Combining quantum criticality with topological electronic properties presents a rare and unique opportunity. Here, by means of ab initio calculations and magnetic, thermal, and transport measurements, it is shown that the orthorhombic CoTe 2 is close to ferromagnetism, which appears suppressed by spin fluctuations. Calculations and transport measurements reveal nodal Dirac lines, making it a rare combination of proximity to quantum criticality and Dirac topology.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Pristine quantum criticality in a Kondo semimetal

The observation of quantum criticality in diverse classes of strongly correlated electron systems has been instrumental in establishing ordering principles, discovering new phases, and identifying the relevant degrees of freedom and interactions. At focus so far have been insulators and metals. Semimetals, which are of great current interest as candidate phases with nontrivial topology, are much less explored in experiments. Here, we study the Kondo semimetal CeRu 4 Sn 6 by magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and inelastic neutron scattering experiments. The power-law divergence of the magnetic Grünesien ratio reveals that, unexpectedly, this compound is quantum critical without tuning. The dynamical energy over temperature scaling in the neutron response throughout the Brillouin zone and the temperature dependence of the static uniform susceptibility, indicate that temperature is the only energy scale in the criticality. Such behavior, which has been associated with Kondo destruction quantum criticality in metallic systems, could be generic in the semimetal setting.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Optimality and Noise Resilience of Critical Quantum Sensing

We compare critical quantum sensing to passive quantum strategies to perform frequency estimation, in the case of single-mode quadratic Hamiltonians. We show that, while in the unitary case both strategies achieve precision scaling quadratic with the number of photons, in the presence of dissipation this is true only for critical strategies. We also establish that working at the exceptional point or beyond threshold provides suboptimal performance. This critical enhancement is due to the emergence of a transient regime in the open critical dynamics, and is invariant to temperature changes. When considering both time and system size as resources, for both strategies the precision scales linearly with the product of the total time and the number of photons, in accordance with fundamental bounds. However, we show that critical protocols outperform optimal passive strategies if preparation and measurement times are not negligible. Our results are applicable to a broad variety of critical sensors whose phenomenology can be reduced to that of a single-mode quadratic Hamiltonian, including systems described by finite-component and fully connected models.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Thermodynamic properties of nodal superconductors close to a magnetic quantum critical point

In this work we study thermodynamic manifestations of the quantum criticality in multiband unconventional superconductors. As a guiding example we consider the scenario of magnetic quantum critical point in the model that captures superconductivity coexistence with the spin-density wave. We show that in situations when the superconducting order parameter has incidental nodes at isolated points, quantum magnetic fluctuations lead to the renormalization of the relative 𝑇-linear slope of the London penetration depth. This leads to the nonmonotonic dependence of the penetration depth as a function of doping and the concomitant peak structure across the quantum critical point. In addition, we determine contribution of magnetic fluctuations to the specific heat at the onset of the coexistence phase. Furthermore, our theoretical analysis is corroborated by making a comparison of our results with the recent experimental data from the low-temperature thermodynamic measurements at optimal composition in BaFe 2 (As 1-x P x ) 2 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Comparison of temperature and doping dependence of elastoresistivity near a putative nematic quantum critical point

Abstract Strong electronic nematic fluctuations have been discovered near optimal doping for several families of Fe-based superconductors, motivating the search for a possible link between these fluctuations, nematic quantum criticality, and high temperature superconductivity. Here we probe a key prediction of quantum criticality, namely power-law dependence of the associated nematic susceptibility as a function of composition and temperature approaching the compositionally tuned putative quantum critical point. To probe the ‘bare’ quantum critical point requires suppression of the superconducting state, which we achieve by using large magnetic fields, up to 45 T, while performing elastoresistivity measurements to follow the nematic susceptibility. We performed these measurements for the prototypical electron-doped pnictide, Ba(Fe 1− x Co x ) 2 As 2 , over a dense comb of dopings. We find that close to the putative quantum critical point, the elastoresistivity appears to obey power-law behavior as a function of composition over almost a decade of variation in composition. Paradoxically, however, we also find that the temperature dependence for compositions close to the critical value cannot be described by a single power law.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Predicting Quantum Criticality in Single-Crystalline Ce 2 Ru 3 Ge 5

Strongly correlated f-electron systems are known to host exotic quantum states, such as quantum criticality, complex order parameters, and unconventional superconductivity. However, the appearance of these exotic states is difficult to predict, making the study of quantum critical behavior challenging, especially in ferromagnetic materials. Herein, we report a structure–property map for Ce 2 M 3 X 5 (M = transition metal; X = main group element) that aids in the targeted design of materials likely to exhibit quantum criticality. Guided by this map, we report on the synthesis of single-crystalline Ce 2 Ru 3 Ge 5 and provide, for the first time, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, resistivity, and magnetoresistance measurements on single crystals. Here, we observe a weak ferromagnetic-like response at 7.5 K, which is contrasted with the bulk ferromagnetic ordering that appears in polycrystalline samples. Non-Fermi liquid behavior is seen in the temperature dependent electrical resistivity and heat capacity of the single crystals, suggesting proximity to a ferromagnetic quantum critical point without chemical or physical pressure. Given the contrast with previous reports of polycrystals, these results lead us to propose that single crystalline Ce 2 Ru 3 Ge 5 is intrinsically tuned into the vicinity of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗