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Feasibility Study of Radiation Pyrometer for Nuclear Rocket Application Final Report
Radiation pyrometer for nuclear application
A sensitive time-resolved radiation pyrometer for shock-temperature measurements above 1500 K
The general design, calibration, and performance of a new high-sensitivity radiation pyrometer are described. The pyrometer can determine time-resolved temperatures (as low as 1500 K) in shocked materials by measuring the spectral radiance of light emitted from shocked solid samples in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range (0.5-1.0 micron). The high sensitivity of the radiation pyrometer is attributed to the large angular aperture (0.06 sr), the large bandwidth per channel (up to 0.1 micron), the large photodiode detection areas (1.0 sq cm), and the small number of calibrated channels (4) among which light is divided.
Radiation pyrometer for gas turbine blades
A turbine blade temperature measuring system for liquid oxygen turbopumps is reported. The system includes a three mode, two-input optical signal processor, interconnecting cable, and four sensor heads. Two of the heads are aperture type, while the other two are lens type. This system is applicable to a temperature range of 1400 to 2200 F.
Method and Apparatus for Polaradiometric Pyrometer
A radiation pyrometer for measuring the true temperature of a body is provided by detecting and measuring thermal radiation from the body based on the principle that the effects of angular emission I(sub 1) and reflection I(sub 2) on the polarization states p and s of radiation are complementary such that upon detecting the combined partial polarization state components I(sub p) = I(sub 1p) + I(sub 2p) and I(sub s) = I(sub 1s) + I(sub 2s) and adjusting the intensity of the variable radiation source of the reflected radiation I(sub 2) until the combined partial radiation components I(sub p) and I(sub s) are equal, the effects of emissivity as well as diffusivity of the surface of the body are eliminated, thus obviating the need for any post processing of brightness temperature data.
Some practical aspects of surface temperature measurement by optical and ratio pyrometers
Radiation heat equations and surface temperature measurements of opaque materials by optical and ratio pyrometers
Polaradiometric pyrometer in which the parallel and perpendicular components of radiation reflected from an unpolarized light source are equalized with the thermal radiation emitted from a measured object to determine its true temperature
A radiation pyrometer for measuring the true temperature of a body is provided by detecting and measuring thermal radiation from the body based on the principle that the effects of angular emission I(sub 1) and reflection I(sub 2) on the polarization states p and s of radiation are complementary such that upon detecting the combined partial polarization state components I(sub p) =I(sub 1p) + I(sub 2p) and I(sub s)=I(sub 1s) + I(sub 2s) and adjusting the intensity of the variable radiation source of the reflected radiation I(sub 2) until the combined partial radiation components I(sub p) and I(sub s) are equal, the effects of emissivity as well as diffusivity of the surface of the body are eliminated, thus obviating the need for any post processing of brightness temperature data.
Infrared Thermometer Instrument Handbook
The infrared thermometer (IRT) is a ground-based radiation pyrometer that provides measurements of the brightness temperature of the scene in its field of view. The ground IRT (sometimes referred to as the upwelling instrument) lens has a wide field of view for measuring the radiating temperature of the ground surface. It measures in a narrow range of the infrared band, details of which can be found in Table 2. It provides data to the user averaged to 1-minute resolution. The infrared thermometer for sea-surface temperature (IRTSST) is a ship-based radiation pyrometer that provides measurements of the temperature of the sea surface. The upwelling infrared emission is determined with two different IRTs for over-ocean field campaigns and the data is at 1-second temporal resolution. The IRTs are mounted at heights varying between 2 and 42 m above the ground, oriented so the mounting platform and other human made objects are not in the field of view, and also to ensure that the ground and vegetation cover are representative of the local area. The Heitronics IRT is generally mounted inside a small enclosure, and the Apogee IRT is shielded by a cylindrical enclosure that is part of the design from the manufacturer.
INSTRUMENTATION FOR OBSERVATIONS OF PLANETS IN THE FAR INFRARED
Instrumentation for observations of planets in far infrared - ferroelectric bolometers and radiation pyrometers
Shocked gas temperature measurements by infrared monochromatic radiation pyrometry.
Gas temperature histories measured in shock tube by IR monochromatic radiation pyrometer technique
INSTRUMENTATION FOR OBSERVATIONS OF PLANETS IN THE FAR INFRARED
Infrared instrumentation for planetary observations, including radiation pyrometers and ferroelectric bolometers
Emittance and absorptance of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ceramic thermal barrier coating
The spectral emittance of a NASA developed zirconia ceramic thermal barrier coating system, consisting of a metal substrate, a layer of Ni-Cr-Al-Y bond material and a layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramic material, is analyzed. The emittance, needed for evaluation of radiant heat loads on cooled coated gas turbine components, was measured over a range of temperatures that would be typical of its use on such components. Emittance data were obtained with a spectrometer, a reflectometer and a radiation pyrometer at a single bond coating thickness of 0.010 cm and at a ceramic coating thickness of 0-0.076 cm. The data were transformed into the hemispherical total emittance and were correlated to the ceramic coating thickness and temperature using multiple-regression curve-fitting techniques. The system was found to be highly reflective, and, consequently, capable of significantly reducing radiation heat loads on cooled gas turbine engine components.
HOT SPIN-AND-BURST TEST METHODS FOR AIRCRAFT TURBINE WHEELS
Methods are described for suspension-system vibration damping, automatically controlled induction heating through radiation pyrometers, rotating-disk temperature measurement, and unattended operation with a safety-interlock system.
Application of the Self Calibrating Emissivity and/or Transmissivity Independent Multiwavelength Pyrometer in an Intense Ambient Radiation Environment
The NASA self calibrating multiwavelength pyrometer is a recent addition to the list of pyrometers used in remote temperature measurement in research and development. The older one-color, two-color, and the disappearing filament pyrometers, as well as the multicolor and early multiwavelength pyrometers, all do not operate successfully in situations in which strong ambient radiation coexists with radiation originating from the measured surface. In such situations radiation departing from the target surface arrives at the pyrometer together with radiation coming from another source either directly or through reflection. Unlike the other pyrometers, the self calibrating multiwavelength pyrometer can still calibrate itself and measure the temperatures in this adverse environment.
Pyrometer
A non-contact pyrometer and method for calibrating the same are provided. The pyrometer includes a radiation sensor configured to measure at least a portion of a radiance signal emitted from a target medium and output a voltage that is a function of an average of the absorbed radiance signal, and an optical window disposed proximate the radiation sensor and configured to control a wavelength range of the radiance signal that reaches the radiation sensor. The pyrometer may further include a reflective enclosure configured to receive the target medium therein, wherein the radiation sensor and the optical window are disposed within the reflective enclosure, an amplifier in communication with an output of the radiation sensor, and a data acquisition system in communication with an output of the amplifier.
Technique for measuring dielectric loss tangent.
Dielectric loss tangent measurement in pyroelectric materials for EM radiation detectors and heat transfer sensors
Methods for obtaining surface temperatures of materials in the presence of extraneous radiation
Variable wavelength pyrometer measurements on surface brightness temperature of glowing ablating materials
Shock-tube gas temperature measurements by infrared monochromatic radiation pyrometry
Shock tunnel gas temperature measurements by infrared monochromatic radiation pyrometry