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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Introducing the GeoRePORT Resource Size Tool: Reporting on Geothermal Resource Size Estimations Using the Geothermal Resource Portfolio Optimization and Reporting Technique (GeoRePORT): Preprint

The Geothermal Resource Portfolio Optimization and Reporting Technique (GeoRePORT) was developed with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office to assist in identifying and pursuing long-term investment strategies through the development of a resource reporting protocol. The assessment protocols used in GeoRePORT allow for comparison of project attributes across locations and geological settings to understand the feasibility of geothermal development. This work introduces the Resource Size Tool, a new feature within the GeoRePORT package that compiles two independent methods for estimating geothermal resource size in terms of energy capacity in MW. Energy production potential for twenty-three case studies was estimated with the Resource Size Tool in order to 1) generate a reasonable range of resource size estimates for a particular geothermal field; 2) illustrate the advantages and limitations of each methodology (such as data input requirements, estimate accuracy and precision, and the appropriate circumstances of use); and 3) test the ability of the resource size tool to provide useful and accurate information for geothermal stakeholders. The tool employs two methods widely used in the geothermal industry: (1) USGS Volumetric and (2) Power Density. Results from our case studies show general overlap between these two methods in terms of resource size estimates; however, they also reveal key differences between the two approaches that should be considered when using such estimates to drive development. First, the two methods rely on different input parameters and therefore one method may be more appropriate and/or accurate for a given project than the other. Second, the Power Density method was found to generate wider ranges of resource size predictions, more consistently aligning with actual power production of the field but with larger scales of error; whereas the USGS Volumetric method predicts narrower ranges but tends to overestimate when compared to current MW production. Future work will refine variables used in the methods with input data from other sections of GeoRePORT and modify uncertainty levels based on the particular datasets used for a given project.

geological↗
DOE OSTI2018

Wet waste-to-energy resources in the United States

Waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies present an opportunity to recycle organic waste material into renewable energy while offsetting disposal and environmental costs. A key challenge to ensuring economic and environmental viability of WTE is understanding the variability of individual WTE resource characteristics, including their location, amount, and quality. The main objective of this study is to estimate the wet WTE resource potential in the United States and illustrate its geographic distribution. The wet resources considered in this study are wastewater sludge, animal manure, food waste, and FOG (fats, oils, and greases). This study is the first to achieve results below national level, at the finest geographic resolution. Our analysis indicates that about 566 teragrams (Tg) of wet WTE resources are generated annually in the United States. This amount corresponds to about 1 exajoule (EJ), which is sufficient to displace about 18% of the 2015 U.S. on-highway diesel consumption on an energy basis. About half of this potential is generated by animal manure.

waste-to-energy, WTE, water resource, wastewater s↗
DOE OSTI2022

Performance Evaluation of an Advanced Distributed Energy Resource Management Algorithm

This paper presents performance evaluation of a new distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) algorithm via an advanced hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. The HIL platform provides realistic testing in a laboratory environment, including the accurate modeling of sub-transmission and distribution networks, the DERMS software controller, and 84 power hardware solar photovoltaic (PV) inverters, standard communication protocols, and a capacitor bank controller. The DERMS algorithm is also called, Grid-Optimization of Solar (GO-Solar) platform which includes predictive state estimation (PSE) and online multiple objective optimization (OMOO) to dispatch the legacy devices and distributed energy resources (e.g., PV). The voltage regulation performance is evaluated under three scenarios, volt-var smart inverter (baseline), and DERMS control for 100% and 30% of PV. The results show that controlling 30% of PV systems with the GO-Solar platform may provide the best balance of control performance and implementation cost.

distributed energy resource management system (DER↗
DOE OSTI2023

Grid Strength Assessment for High Levels of Inverter-based Resources in the Puerto Rico Power

A system-wide assessment of the Puerto Rico power system grid strength is studied when considering high levels of inverter-based resource penetration. This study is carried out in PSSE and assesses the impact of inverter-based resource (IBR) contributions in response to three-phase ground faults. A hypothetical 100% inverter-based generation scenario is created to assess the extreme impact on short circuit levels and a realistic scenario is considered to assess the impact to short circuit ratios. The overall conclusion is that short circuit capacity and current will drastically decrease in a high IBR scenario, an effect that is quantified in this paper. The short circuit ratio metric is typically used to assess the impact of IBR but generally overestimates grid strength due to not accounting for the impact from multiple IBRs. Other methods such as equivalent circuit based short circuit ratio and weighted short circuit ratio offer a more comprehensive consideration for multiple IBRs and can better account for their mutual interactions. The work presented in this paper is part of the PR100 study.

inverter based resources, PR100, grid strength↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Impact of Behind-the-Meter Heterogeneous Distributed Energy Resources on Distribution Grids

The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the electric grid brings new challenges and opportunities for utility grid operations. With the rapid deployment of DERs, there is emerging interest in integrating these controllable devices with utility operations at all levels for monitoring and management. To understand the challenges with increasing behind-the-meter (BTM) DERs and to identify the needs in deploying advanced controls, a comprehensive grid impact study is indispensable. This paper presents the analysis which help visualize the DER impact on the grid, identify the challenges and provides an insight into the new distribution management and control needs to enable reliable and resilient grid operations.

behind-the-meter↗
DOE OSTI2020

Resilient Cooperative Voltage Control for Distribution Network with High Penetration Distributed Energy Resources

Here, this paper considers the problem of designing a resilient distributed voltage control algorithm for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed energy resources in the presence of an unknown cyber-attack. The purpose of the attack is to force the system to violate the operating voltage limit by intercepting its communication channels and inserting exogenous signals to perturb and/or modify the information being exchanged. We first review the cooperative voltage control proposed in our previous work and provide a new stability analysis for it. Next, we present a resilient cooperative voltage control algorithm by introducing a virtual system interconnected with the original system such that the voltage can be maintained within the operational limit under unknown attacks. The resiliency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated via simulations on the IEEE 8500-node system when subjected to an attack which consists of corrupting the data being exchanged in the communication network between two generation units.

cooperative control↗
DOE OSTI2019

Cryptography Considerations for Distributed Energy Resource Systems

Distributed energy resource (DER) systems are rapidly being adopted and integrated within the electric power grid. Developments in smart grid devices and communication protocols are advancing the power system domain but are also introducing new cyber attack vectors. In particular, the ability to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data is of increasing concern. Cryptography is a powerful tool that can be leveraged to protect DER systems and their critical information. This paper discusses prominent methods of cryptographic authentication and encryption that can be used to secure DER communications. Specific considerations and recommendations for applying cryptography to DER systems are provided, including system design constraints and system impact. These will be demonstrated with two case studies that assess cryptography hardware requirements and communications latency in DERs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Analysis of System and Interoperability Impact from Securing Communications for Distributed Energy Resources

As the power grid incorporates increasing amounts of distributed energy resources (DER) that provide new generation sources, new opportunities are created for improving operation of the grid while large challenges also arise for preserving grid reliability and security. To improve grid performance, DERs can be utilized to provide important support functionality, such as supporting frequency and voltage levels, especially if they are assisted by communication schemes as part of an advanced distribution management system (ADMS). Unfortunately, such connectivity and grid support functionality also creates additional cyber security risk with the potential for degradation of grid services, especially under conditions with high amounts of distributed generation. This paper will first discuss the communications needed by DERs to support system and interoperability objectives, as well as the security requirements and impact of securing these communications. Some common security mechanisms are discussed in relation to DERs, and a simulated 15-bus model of a distribution feeder is used to demonstrate aspects of the DER communications and impact to grid performance. These results help to advance understanding of the benefits, requirements, and mechanisms for securely implementing DER communications while ensuring that grid reliability is maintained.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Application of Field Evaluations of Ecological Resources at Hanford and Other DOE Sites for Consistency of Resource Protection and Sustainability - 16404

Remediation and management of contaminated facilities, soil, sediment and biota is an essential element of the DOE-EM mission for site completion, contaminant footprint reduction, and protection of human health and the environment. Protecting ecological resources is an integral part of protecting human health because people are part of the ecosystem and rely on ecological resources for food, fiber, clean air and water, recreational, aesthetic, and cultural values. Evaluation and management require understanding the past and current conditions, as well as protecting, preserving, and enhancing ecological resources. Understanding past and current resources includes evaluation of individual and population health within a local and regional context. The objective of this research is to describe a field method of evaluating ecological resources, based on work at the Hanford Site, which can be applied to sustainability of ecological resources as another mandate of DOE. This requires objective methods to characterize and evaluate resources spatially, within a context of local and regional importance. The DOE complex is large, diverse, and multi-state. The habitats and ecological resources are diverse, and the relative importance of ecological resources to the local ecosystem, region, and human communities varies. Large and diverse sites such as Hanford, Idaho National Laboratory, Los Alamos, hold resources of substantial importance to local and regional ecosystems, as well as to the ecology and cultural values of Tribes and other residents. However, other smaller sites (e.g. Oak Ridge, Brookhaven) also hold key ecological resources to local and regional ecosystems, cultures, and economics. Understanding the relative importance of ecological resources on each remediation site at different spatial scales, within and among DOE-EM sites is critical to management, stewardship, and ensuring sustainability for generations to come. Without a standardized methodology it is difficult to develop sound remediation and management plans to protect human health and the environment. The Ecological Evaluation of Resources described in this paper is part of the Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation's (CRESP) Risk Review Project on the Hanford Site. It is an independent assessment based of on-site field evaluations that encompasses evaluations of site resources in comparison to the Columbia Basin Ecosystem prior evaluations made by DOE, the States of Washington and Oregon, Nature Conservancy and Tribes. The on-site field evaluations are the focus of the current paper. The on-site field evaluation methodology was developed to update existing information on habitat values in light of changing landscape features (edge, patch size and shape, connectivity) and the current presence of invasive species. Both aspects change with time, especially given that remediation of remediation units changes the landscape. That is, every time there is a remediation and restoration of an operable unit (remediation site) on a DOE site, it changes the adjacent landscape (and ecological resources). The changes are greater where new roads were built to access a remediation site, staging areas constructed, and as a function of the size and time-frame for the remediation. Since ecological resources form a continuum across the landscape, and activities from remediation on a given site can affect those on adjacent areas, we evaluated resources both on the remediation site itself, and on a buffer equal to the largest diameter of the remediation site. The field evaluation methodology developed at Hanford Site makes use of existing resource level maps (DOE/RL-96-32 2013) and field surveys and measurements of current vegetation and habitat conditions to evaluate potential ecological impacts associated with cleanup activities at the evaluation unit. Additional information used in the ecological resource evaluations include current Endangered and Threatened Species distribution data (both state and federal), aerial imagery, locations of waste sites and infrastructure, and species and habitats of special concern. We suggest that the field methodology developed for the Hanford Site could be used across the DOE complex to evaluate ecological resources. This would provide DOE-EM with a common data base to make long-term decisions about the protection and sustainability of resources on the DOE complex, and would provide Tribes and the public with information on ecological resources on DOE sites. Such information could be provided in a web-based format which DOE, regulators, Tribes, and the public could easily access. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2019

Impact of a Low-Intensity Resource Referral Intervention on Patients’ Knowledge, Beliefs, and Use of Community Resources: Results from the CommunityRx Trial

Background: Connecting patients to community-based resources is now a cornerstone of modern healthcare that supports self-management of health. The mechanisms that connect resource information to behavior change, however, remain poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the impact of CommunityRx, an automated, low-intensity resource referral intervention, on patients' knowledge, beliefs, and use of community resources. Design: Real-world controlled clinical trial at an urban academic medical center in 2015-2016; participants were assigned by alternating week to receive the CommunityRx intervention or usual care. Surveys were administered at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Participants: Publicly insured adults, ages 45-74 years. Intervention: CommunityRx generated an automated, personalized list of resources, known as HealtheRx, near each participant's home using condition-specific, evidence-based algorithms. Algorithms used patient demographic and health characteristics documented in the electronic health record to identify relevant resources from a comprehensive, regularly updated database of health-related resources in the study area. Main Measures: Using intent-to-treat analysis, we examined the impact of HealtheRx referrals on (1) knowledge of the most commonly referred resource types, including healthy eating classes, individual counseling, mortgage assistance, smoking cessation, stress management, and weight loss classes or groups, and (2) beliefs about having resources in the community to manage health. Key Results: In a real-world controlled trial of 374 adults, intervention recipients improved knowledge (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.29-3.58) and beliefs (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.07-2.64) about common resources in the community to manage health, specifically gaining knowledge about smoking cessation (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.07-7.12) and weight loss resources (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.05-4.84). Positive changes in both knowledge and beliefs about community resources were associated with higher resource use (P = 0.02). Conclusions: In a middle-age and older population with high morbidity, a low-intensity health IT intervention to deliver resource referrals promoted behavior change by increasing knowledge and positive beliefs about community resources for self-management of health. NIH Trial Registry: NCT02435511

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Redefining Resource Adequacy for Modern Power Systems: A Report of the Redefining Resource Adequacy Task Force

Today's rapidly increasing levels of wind, solar, storage, and load flexibility require the industry to rethink reliability planning and resource adequacy methods for modern power systems. Periods with a risk of shortfall often no longer coincide with peak demand - reliability risks are less about peak load and more about the daily setting of the sun, extended cloud cover, wind speeds, cold snaps, and heat waves. In addition, demand is increasingly flexible. Key resources are time-sensitive, as batteries need time to recharge and electricity customers can only be asked to provide demand response for just so long. And reliability failures are often correlated - with one another and with the weather. Two driving factors require the industry to reconsider its analytical approach for resource adequacy: (1) Chronological grid operations: The increasing importance of variable renewable resources (such as wind and solar) and of energy-limited resources (storage and demand response) make it essential to understand the full year of chronological operation of the grid. Specific attention must be paid to hourly, seasonal, and inter-annual resource variability. The sequence of the variability is key, as energy-limited resources such as batteries or demand response require either a preceding period or subsequent period of high production to be useful for grid reliability. (2) Correlated events: Historically, resource adequacy analysis focused on shortfalls caused by random, discrete mechanical failures of large generating units. In contrast, shortfalls today are often caused by multiple, correlated events caused by common weather patterns. Resource adequacy analysis must increasingly shift its focus to these correlated events. The redesign of resource adequacy methods will benefit from a set of guiding principles to better allow for sharing of insights and best practices, interregional resource coordination, and a smoother regulatory process for resource procurement. The objective of this report is to move this redesign forward. It provides an overview of key drivers changing the way resource adequacy needs to be evaluated, identifies shortcomings of conventional approaches, and outlines first principles for practitioners to consider as they adapt their approaches. The central message is: what got us here won't get us there.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Post-Disturbance Dynamic Distribution System Restoration with DGs and Mobile Resources

Distributed generations (DGs) can act as emergency power supplies when distribution systems suffer from outages. However, the generation capabilities of DGs are generally limited by a number of factors including weather conditions, fuel limitations, etc. In this context, mobile resources that are able to reallocate resources to desired locations are regarded as important complements to conventional fixed DGs in assisting distribution system restoration. In this paper, a distribution system restoration model with DGs and mobile resources is proposed. Firstly, the dispatch and allocation of mobile resources are modeled with respect to the characteristics of the traffic network. Then the developed mobile resource models are integrated into the distribution system restoration model to co-optimize the scheduling of DGs and mobile resources. Uncertainty factors are managed by a model predictive control approach so that system operators can dynamically adjust the restoration strategy with the up-to-date information. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through an IEEE 13-bus test system.

distributed generations (DGs)↗
DOE OSTI2023

$\mathrm{RADICAL}$-Pilot and $\mathrm{PMIx}$/$\mathrm{PRRTE}$: Executing Heterogeneous Workloads at Large Scale on Partitioned $\mathrm{HPC}$ Resources

Execution of heterogeneous workflows on high-performance computing (HPC) platforms present unprecedented resource management and execution coordination challenges for runtime systems. Task heterogeneity increases the complexity of resource and execution management, limiting the scalability and efficiency of workflow execution. Re-source partitioning and distribution of tasks execution over portioned re-sources promises to address those problems but we lack an experimental evaluation of its performance at scale. Here this paper provides a performance evaluation of the Process Management Interface for Exascale (PMIx) and its reference implementation PRRTE on the leadership-class HPC plat-form Summit, when integrated into a pilot-based runtime system called RADICAL-Pilot. We partition resources across multiple PRRTE Distributed Virtual Machine (DVM) environments, responsible for launching tasks via the PMIx interface. We experimentally measure the work-load execution performance in terms of task scheduling/launching rate and distribution of DVM task placement times, DVM startup and termination overheads on the Summit leadership-class HPC platform. Integrated solution with PMIx/PRRTE enables using an abstracted, standardized set of interfaces for orchestrating the launch process, dynamic process management and monitoring capabilities. It extends scaling capabilities allowing to overcome a limitation of other launching mechanisms (e.g., JSM/LSF). Explored different DVM setup configurations provide insights on DVM performance and a layout to leverage it. Our experimental results show that heterogeneous workload of 65,500 tasks on 2048 nodes, and partitioned across 32 DVMs, runs steady with resource utilization not lower than 52%. While having less concurrently executed tasks resource utilization is able to reach up to 85%, based on results of heterogeneous workload of 8200 tasks on 256 nodes and 2 DVMs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Finding of adverse effect and proposed mitigation for the removal of three primary resources and twenty-four accessory resources within the mercury historic district, area 23, nevada national security site, nye county, nevada

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) proposes the removal of three primary resources and 24 accessory resources in Mercury on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nye County, Nevada. The majority of the resources are concrete pads that have previously been recorded as either primary resources or accessory resources thereof within the Mercury Historic District (MHD). They represent the former locations of environmental support program buildings including a greenhouse (MHD Resource C312), warehouses (Resource C293), offices (Resource C314), dormitories (Resource C298), and two of unknown purpose (Resource C292). The other resources include a buried storage tank and sidewalks.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

NETL CO 2 Storage prospeCtive Resource Estimation Excel aNalysis (CO 2 -SCREEN) User’s Manual

This user’s manual guides the use of the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL) CO 2 Storage prospeCtive Resource Estimation Excel aNalysis (CO 2 -SCREEN) tool, which was developed to aid users screening saline formations for prospective CO 2 storage resources. CO 2 -SCREEN applies U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) methods and equations for estimating prospective CO 2 storage resources for saline formations. CO 2 -SCREEN was developed to be substantive and user-friendly. It also provides a consistent method for calculating prospective CO 2 storage resources that allows for consistent comparison of results between different research efforts, such as the Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP). CO 2 -SCREEN consists of an Excel spreadsheet containing geologic inputs and outputs, linked to a GoldSim Player model that calculates prospective CO 2 storage resources via Monte Carlo simulation.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

CO₂ Storage prospeCtive Resource Estimation Excel aNalysis (CO₂-SCREEN) User’s Manual

This user’s manual guides the use of the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL) CO₂ Storage prospeCtive Resource Estimation Excel aNalysis (CO₂-SCREEN) tool, which was developed to aid users screening geologic formations for prospective CO₂ storage resources. This manual is specific to the CO₂-SCREEN 4.0 version which is based in Python. CO₂-SCREEN applies U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) methods and equations for estimating prospective CO₂ storage resources for saline formations, shale formations, and residual oil zones (ROZ). CO₂-SCREEN was developed to be substantive and user-friendly and provide a consistent method for calculating prospective CO₂ storage resources. CO₂-SCREEN uses a Java based graphical user interface for data inputs and uses Python to calculate prospective CO₂ storage resources.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗