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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Evaluating the Value of High Spatial Resolution in National Capacity Expansion Models using ReEDS

Power sector capacity expansion models (CEMs) have a broad range of spatial resolutions. This paper uses the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model, a long-term national scale electric sector CEM, to evaluate the value of high spatial resolution for CEMs. ReEDS models the United States with 134 load balancing areas (BAs) and captures the variability in existing generation parameters, future technology costs, performance, and resource availability using very high spatial resolution data, especially for wind and solar modeled at 356 resource regions. In this paper we perform planning studies at three different spatial resolutions--native resolution (134 BAs), state-level, and NERC region level--and evaluate how results change under different levels of spatial aggregation in terms of renewable capacity deployment and location, associated transmission builds, and system costs. The results are used to ascertain the value of high geographically resolved models in terms of their impact on relative competitiveness among renewable energy resources.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Lignocellulosic crop supply chains (eg, Miscanthus, switchgrass, reed canary grass, rye, giant reed, etc.) Chapter 12 of "Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining"

This chapter provides an overview of lignocellulosic crop supply chains such as Miscanthus, switch grass, reed canary grass, rye, and giant reed by outlining typical logistic operations in support of a liquid biofuel market. We present two strategies for managing feedstocks within the biomass supply system: (1) the conventional bale feedstock supply system and (2) the advanced supply system concept. Finally, we discuss feedstock blending and integrated landscape management as innovative improvements to the lignocellulosic crop supply chain.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Historical Comparison of Capacity Build Decisions from the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model

The Regional Energy Deploy System (ReEDS) capacity expansion model is frequently used to project the evolution of the U.S. power sector under a wide range of conditions. However, the model's capacity expansion decisions have never been evaluated against historical capacity expansion decisions. In this work, we perform a model validation exercise, comparing capacity expansion decision from ReEDS for 2010-2016 against the actual buildout of the electricity sector. We find that with three key adjustments ReEDS is able to reproduce national level results with reasonably high accuracy. Those three adjustments are to use historical average planning reserve margins instead of the NERC-recommended reserve margin levels, using actual financing costs rather than long-term average financing costs, and disallowing the lowest-cost hydropower upgrades, geothermal sites, and compress-air energy storage sites. We also compare the ReEDS results at a state-level and find that state-level results can be better represented by including a penalty for transferring power between regions. The improved results with that penalty indicate that the ReEDS transmission representation is likely not sufficiently stringent, and should be improved. Overall these results show that with the improvements described above, ReEDS can effectively reproduce historical capacity additions, which increases our confidence in using the model in making forward-looking projections.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

County-Level Hourly Renewable Capacity Factor Dataset for the ReEDS Model

This dataset contains hourly capacity factors for each renewable resource class and region (in this case, county). Technologies like large-scale utility PV (UPV), onshore wind, offshore wind, and concentrating solar power (CSP) are included. The dataset contains 7 years of hourly weather data (2007-2013) for different sites across the US and is used as one of the inputs to the ReEDS-2.0 model (see the "ReEDS 2.0 GitHub Repository" resource link below), developed by NREL. The weather profiles apply to any capacity that exists or is built in each region and class. This helps calculate the generation that can be provided using these resources. Open, reference, and limited are 3 scenarios based on land-use allowance, derived from the Renewable Energy Potential (reV) model developed by NREL, which helps generate supply curves for renewable technologies and assess the maximum potential of renewable resources in a designated area. Each zipped file in this dataset corresponds to a technology and contains the respective land-use scenario files required to run that technology in ReEDS. To use this dataset, download and place the extracted files in the locally cloned ReEDS repository inside one of the folders (inputs/variability/multi_year). After completing this copy, upon running the ReEDS model at the county-level spatial resolution for respective analysis purposes, the program will detect the presence of these files and will not fail.

Array↗
DOE OSTI2024

ReEDS Performance Improvement

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) is an open-source, spatially explicit, long-term capacity expansion model for the bulk electric power system of the contiguous United States, encompassing multiple scenarios with technological and political assumptions (see https://github.com/NREL/ReEDS-2.0). With the increased needs for capabilities, higher temporal and spatial resolutions to model the evolution of the power system with modern technologies and low-carbon pathways, ReEDS' model solution times have increased significantly from 4-6 hours in 2018 to 18-48+ hours in 2023 . Also, the model size for commonly-run ReEDS scenarios reached 22 and 28 million equations and variables, respectively. These runtimes can be especially challenging under certain scenario settings (e.g., very high temporal or spatial resolution) or with limited computational power. In this presentation, we will discuss several methods we used to improve model runtime, including data preparation, model modification, and solver tuning. The implementation of these methods shrank the model size to 7.2 and 7.3 million equations and variables, respectively. Furthermore, this led to a 77% reduction in the model's run time for commonly-run ReEDS scenarios. We will discuss the process of identifying areas for solve time improvements and how the specific enhancements for the ReEDS model might be applied to other similar large-scale models.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,MATHEMATICS A↗
DOE OSTI2017

ReEDS-Mexico: A Capacity Expansion Model of the Mexican Power System

This report documents the ReEDS-Mexico capacity expansion model, which is an extension of the ReEDS model to the Mexican power system. In recent years Mexico’s power sector has undergone considerable reform that has significant potential to impact the future electricity mix (Alpizar–Castro and Rodríguez–Monroy 2016). Day-ahead and real-time trading in Mexico’s power markets opened in early 2016. In addition to this reform, Mexico is striving to ensure that 35% of its electricity is generated from clean energy sources by 2024, 40% by 2035, and 50% by 2050 (Presidencia de la República 2016). These rapid changes in both the market and the generation mix create a need for robust tools that can help electricity sector stakeholders make informed decisions. The purpose of this report is to document the extension of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model (Eurek et al. 2016) to cover the Mexico power system. This extension, which we will refer to throughout this paper as ReEDS-Mexico, provides a model of the Mexico power sector using a system-wide, least-cost optimization framework.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Assessment of Methods to Control Invasive Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) in Tidal Freshwater Wetlands

Controlling non-native invasive species is a significant challenge facing natural area managers in North America and around the world. Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), is invasive in temperate freshwater wetlands throughout the United States and Canada. While methods for the prevention or elimination of reed canarygrass are generally well established, methods suitable for the unique conditions in tidal wetlands remain poorly understood. Namely, prolonged inundation of tidal wetlands for control purposes may only be accomplished with a concomitant loss of habitat connectivity and other functions. Restoration practitioners aiming to design self-sustaining wetlands in the lower Columbia River and estuary, on the northwestern Pacific Coast, have found that reed canarygrass is widespread and quick to establish throughout the 176-river-kilometer tidal freshwater floodplain. Here we report the results of a comprehensive effort to develop the knowledge base for control in tidal wetlands, through systematic review of the scientific literature, interviews with experienced practitioners, and field observations at nine Pacific Northwest sites. The review framework incorporated practical considerations and key environmental conditions: elevation related to hydrologic regime, salinity, shade, and nutrient availability. The results support implementation of multiple methods for a minimum of five years, on the largest possible area, ideally the watershed scale. Applicable methods include control in advance of restoration, topographic modification such as scrape-downs and mounds; establishing strong native competitors; and periodic, targeted control. Formal field experiments are needed to evaluate factors that influence control. Developing science-based, effective, practicable approaches to control reed canarygrass should improve restoration outcomes in natural areas.

intertidal, invasive, Phalaris arundinacea, reed c↗
DOE OSTI2016

ReEDS™ 2.0 Model (Regional Energy Deployment System Model) Version 2.0 [SWR-20-36 and SWR-09-14]

ReEDS™ is a capacity planning and dispatch model for the U.S. electricity system. As the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR's) flagship long-term power sector model, ReEDS has served as the primary analytic tool for many studies of electricity sector research questions. Example model results are available in the Scenario Viewer here: https://scenarioviewer.nlr.gov/. Quick-start guide The ReEDS model is written in Python, GAMS, and Julia. Python and Julia are free, open-source languages; GAMS requires a software license from the vendor. A step-by-step guide for getting started with ReEDS is available here: https://pages.github.nrel.gov/ReEDS/ReEDS-2.0/setup.html.

Short, Walter↗
DOE OSTI2024

Renewable Energy Potential Model: Priority Geothermal Leasing Areas ReEDs Results

This dataset contains the results of a study conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to identify potential future priority geothermal leasing areas on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and United States Forest Service (USFS) lands. The analysis uses the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model to evaluate geothermal resource potential under different scenarios of resource depth and technology combinations through the year 2050. The study considers geothermal resource potential, natural resource conflicts, and transmission access to categorize areas into near, mid, and far deployment priorities. The dataset includes outputs from the ReEDS model, such as geothermal capacity, generation, system costs, and emissions under various economic and technical scenarios. Favorability site data with geographic coordinates and site-specific attributes (e.g., resource favorability, land type) are also provided. Supporting resources include a technical report detailing methodologies and assumptions, along with a link to the ReEDS model GitHub repository, which requires GAMS and Python software for execution.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Tutorial for Using an Open-Source Solver for the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model

ReEDS is a publicly available model developed at NREL that can be used to analyze the potential evolution of the U.S. electric power system into the future. ReEDS is formulated as a linear program, written in GAMS, and solved using a linear programming solver (e.g., CPLEX). This tutorial provides context and understanding for the implications of using an open-source solver for ReEDS.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Operating Reserves in ReEDS

This presentation provides an overview of the formulation for operating reserves in the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS), a capacity expansion model. It describes the three reserve products modeled in ReEDS--regulation, spinning (contingency), and flexibility--and highlights recent updates to the modeling approach, including modifications to how storage provides reserves, the constraints on commitment for generators that provide reserves, and the costs for thermal units to provide spinning reserve. The presentation benchmarks operating reserve provision in ReEDS against comparable simulations in PLEXOS, finding that the improved formulation is different but yields results that are holistically similar to those in production cost modeling. In this presentation we also investigate the impact of different reserve options in the model (e.g., allowing wind and solar to provide operating reserves) on the solution. The results thus far indicate that most switches related to operating reserves exert little influence on the outcome on the results. Future work will continue to explore operating reserves in capacity expansion models, particularly for models with different temporal resolution.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Group Ring Ideals Related to Reed–Muller Codes

Reed–Muller codes are one of the most well-studied families of codes; however, there are till open problems regarding their structure. Recently a new ring-theoretic approach has emerged that provides a rather intuitive construction of these codes. This approach is centered around the notion of basic Reed–Muller codes. It is known that basic Reed–Muller codes ℳ{sub π}(m, k) over a prime field are powers of the radical RS of a corresponding group algebra and over a nonprime field there are no such equalities, except for trivial ones. In this paper, we consider the ideals ℜ{sub S}ℳ{sub π}(m, k) that arise while studying the inclusions of the basic codes and radical powers.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Powered By ReEDS™ [Slides]

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's flagship Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) electric grid planning model is informing the answers to some of the biggest questions surrounding electricity sector research. Powered By ReEDS is the third webinar in the Powered By series. Each webinar highlights an innovative NREL grid planning and analysis tool and its real-world applications. The series is an exciting opportunity to learn directly from NREL's grid experts, so make sure to bring your questions.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model

This presentation is from the ReEDS webinar given on October 31, 2019. This presentation provides an overview of the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS): An Open-Access Model for the North American Electricity System

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model is NREL’s flagship capacity expansion planning tool for the electric power sector in North America. Originally developed in 2001, ReEDS has been used primarily by NREL researchers to conduct high-profile analysis of the potential evolution of the electricity system. In September 2019, the core model is being released for public use. In this presentation, we provide an overview of the model architecture, key model features, data sources, lessons learned, and sample model results for the North American electric power system.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Technoeconomic assessment of distillation heat transfer intensification using aeroelastically fluttering reeds

Dry cooling, where forced air is the heat transfer medium, is a preferable cooling method in arid locations lacking readily available process water. However, such locations often experience high ambient temperatures that limit the effectiveness of air cooling. The objective of this study is to quantify the economic and energetic benefits of heat transfer intensification via the implementation of aeroelastically fluttering reeds to the air-cooled condenser of a methanol distillation column. Condenser size and performance, regarding recovered methanol and required fan power, is evaluated across condenser operating temperatures (T cond ) from 60 to 62°C and heat transfer coefficients (U) U base –2U base for a range of inlet air temperatures based on ambient temperature data from Yuma, Arizona. Under typical design sizing, condenser capital cost was reduced by 6%–35% (1.3U base –2U base ) and nominal methanol recovery was increased from 0.26% to 0.38% (T cond = 62–60°C). At optimized condenser size, all enhanced U and T cond pairs increase methanol recovery and reduce fan power costs compared to the optimal Ubase reference. Overall, using enhanced heat transfer to maintain condenser temperature under a wider range of inlet conditions, rather than to reduce operation temperature, produces more favorable performance. Methanol price is not a determining factor in which pairs are profitable. Analysis was repeated for a global warming scenario, revealing more valuable improvements under elevated temperatures. Energy savings from condenser improvement to a methanol production system are not significant with respect to an optimized conventional system. Furthermore, unit economic and energetic incentives suggest implementation of fluttering reeds may be justified in other applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

WBM-Hydro-ReEDS

WBM-hydro-ReEDS is a tool for converting daily reservoir release simulations from the WMB model to monthly, plant-level hydropower generation estimates, and then to inputs for the ReEDS model.

Turner, Sean [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Geometric Structure and Transversal Logic of Quantum Reed–Muller Codes

Designing efficient and noise-tolerant quantum computation protocols generally begins with an understanding of quantum error-correcting codes and their native logical operations. The simplest class of native operations are transversal gates, which are naturally fault-tolerant. Here, in this paper, we aim to characterize the transversal gates of quantum Reed–Muller (RM) codes by exploiting the well-studied properties of their classical counterparts. We start our work by establishing a new geometric characterization of quantum RM codes via the Boolean hypercube and its associated subcube complex. More specifically, a set of stabilizer generators for a quantum RM code can be described via transversal X and Z operators acting on subcubes of particular dimensions. This characterization leads us to define subcube operators composed of single-qubit π/2 k Z -rotations that act on subcubes of given dimensions. We first characterize the action of subcube operators on the code space: depending on the dimension of the subcube, these operators either (1) act as a logical identity on the code space, (2) implement non-trivial logic, or (3) rotate a state away from the code space. Second, and more remarkably, we uncover that the logic implemented by these operators corresponds to circuits of multi-controlled-Z gates that have an explicit and simple combinatorial description. Overall, this suite of results yields a comprehensive understanding of a class of natural transversal operators for quantum RM codes.

Reed–Muller (RM) codes↗