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The evaluated spectroscopic data are presented for known nuclides of mass 249 (Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No). {sup 249}No has not been identified as yet. Significant amounts of new data have been added since the last evaluation of A=249 nuclides. This work supersedes earlier full evaluations of A=249 published by 1999Ar21.
Laser spectroscopy was performed on the {sup 72,74,76,78}Ga isotopes at On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility, CERN. Ground-state nuclear spins and moments were extracted from the measured hyperfine spectra. The results are compared to shell-model calculations, which provide a detailed probe of the nuclear wave function. The spin is established from the shape of the hyperfine structure and the parity inferred from a comparison of shell-model calculations with the measured nuclear moments. The ground states of {sup 76,78}Ga are both assigned a spin and parity of I{sup {pi}=}2{sup -}, while {sup 74}Ga is tentatively assigned as I{sup {pi}=}3{sup -}. For {sup 72}Ga, the results are consistent with the previous I=3 assignment.
The mass values of the neutron-deficient cadmium isotopes {sup 99-109}Cd and of the neutron-rich isotopes {sup 114,120,122-124,126,128}Cd have been measured using ISOLTRAP. The behavior of the separation energies of the cadmium isotopes from N = 50 to 82 is discussed.
Evaluated spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies are presented for {sup 27}F, {sup 27}Ne, {sup 27}Na, {sup 27}Mg, {sup 27}Al, {sup 27}Si, {sup 27}P, and {sup 27}S. This evaluation for A=27 supersedes the earlier evaluation by P.M. Endt (1998En04 and 1990En08).
The stochastic Langevin model is employed to study dissipation properties in fission in the {sup 16}O + {sup 181}Ta {yields}{sup 197}Tl system by analyzing prescission neutron yields measured in this reaction. It has been found that the {sup 197}Tl nuclei undergo fission that is not in accordance with the standard Bohr-Wheeler statistical theory. A detailed comparison with previously published work in which fission excitation functions measured in {sup 3,4}He + {sup 197}Au {yields}{sup 200,201}Tl are shown to be in excellent agreement with the fission width formula predicted by the traditional models of nuclear fission suggests that nuclear dissipation strength may have an angular momentum dependence in addition to the known deformation and temperature dependence. Implications for the basic understanding of the observed abnormal rise in prescission particles at high energy and the need for further experimental confirmations are discussed.
No abstract prepared.
We report on the changes in mean square charge radii of unstable neon nuclei relative to the stable {sup 20}Ne, based on the measurement of optical isotope shifts. The studies were carried out using collinear laser spectroscopy on a fast beam of neutral neon atoms. High sensitivity on short-lived isotopes was achieved thanks to nonoptical detection based on optical pumping and state-selective collisional ionization, which was complemented by an accurate determination of the beam kinetic energy. The new results provide information on the structural changes in the sequence of neon isotopes all across the neutron sd shell, ranging from the proton drip line nucleus and halo candidate {sup 17}Ne up to the neutron-rich {sup 28}Ne in the vicinity of the ''island of inversion.'' Within this range the charge radius is smallest for {sup 24}Ne with N=14 corresponding to the closure of the neutron d{sub 5/2} shell, while it increases toward both neutron shell closures, N=8 and N=20. The general trend of the charge radii correlates well with the deformation effects which are known to be large for several neon isotopes. In the neutron-deficient isotopes, structural changes arise from the onset of proton-halo formation for {sup 17}Ne, shell closure in {sup 18}Ne, and clustering effects in {sup 20,21}Ne. On the neutron-rich side the transition to the island of inversion plays an important role, with the radii in the upper part of the sd shell confirming the weakening of the N=20 magic number. The results add new information to the radii systematics of light nuclei where data are scarce because of the small contribution of nuclear-size effects to the isotope shifts which are dominated by the finite-mass effect.
E2 transitions in {sup 30}Si are investigated in relation to intrinsic deformations based on a method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics. By comparing E2 transition strengths in the mirror nuclei {sup 30}Si and {sup 30}S, transition matrix amplitudes M{sub p} and M{sub n} for protons and neutrons are discussed in mirror analysis. Particular attention is paid to the M{sub n}/M{sub p} ratio in the transition from the 2{sub 2}{sup +} state to the 0{sub 1}{sup +} state. The M{sub n}/M{sub p} ratio in {sup 26}Mg and {sup 26}Si is also investigated. It is found that the proton dominance in the transition 2{sub 2}{sup +}{yields}0{sub 1}{sup +} in {sup 30}Si and {sup 26}Si originates in the oblate trend of the Z=14 proton structure.
State-of-the-art signal digitization and analysis techniques have been used to measure the half-life of the Fermi {beta} decay of {sup 26}Al{sup m}. The half-life was determined to be 6347.8 {+-} 2.5 ms. This new datum contributes to the experimental testing of the conserved-vector-current hypothesis and the required unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix: two essential components of the standard model. Detailed discussion of the experimental techniques and data analysis and a thorough investigation of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are presented.
Not Available
No abstract prepared.
The {beta}{sup +}/EC decay of {sup 180}Tl and excited states in the daughter nucleus {sup 180}Hg have been investigated at the CERN On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility. Many new low-lying energy levels were observed in {sup 180}Hg, of which the most significant are the 0{sub 2}{sup +} at 419.6 keV and the 2{sub 2}{sup +} at 601.3 keV. The former is the bandhead of an excited band in {sup 180}Hg assumed originally to be of prolate nature. From the {beta} feeding to the different states in {sup 180}Hg, the ground-state spin of {sup 180}Tl was deduced to be (4{sup -},5{sup -}).
By calculating the Wigner distribution function in the reaction plane, we are able to probe the phase-space behavior in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock scheme during a heavy-ion collision in a consistent framework. Various expectation values of operators are calculated by evaluating the corresponding integrals over the Wigner function. In this approach, it is straightforward to define and analyze quantities even locally. We compare the Wigner distribution function with the smoothed Husimi distribution function. Different reaction scenarios are presented by analyzing central and noncentral {sup 16}O +{sup 16}O and {sup 96}Zr +{sup 132}Sn collisions. Although we observe strong dissipation in the time evolution of global observables, there is no evidence for complete equilibration in the local analysis of the Wigner function. Because the initial phase-space volumes of the fragments barely merge and mean values of the observables are conserved in fusion reactions over thousands of fm/c, we conclude that the time-dependent Hartree-Fock method provides a good description of the early stage of a heavy-ion collision but does not provide a mechanism to change the phase-space structure in a dramatic way necessary to obtain complete equilibration.
The reactions {sup 26}Al{sup g}(p, {gamma}){sup 27}Si and {sup 26}Al{sup m}(p, {gamma}){sup 27}Si are important for influencing the galactic abundance of the cosmic {gamma}-ray emitter {sup 26}Al{sup g} and for the excess abundance of {sup 26}Mg found in presolar grains, respectively. Precise excitation energies and spin assignments of states from the ground state to the region of astrophysical interest in {sup 27}Si, including the identification and pairing of key astrophysical resonances with analog states in the mirror nucleus {sup 27}Al, are reported using {gamma} rays observed in the {sup 12}C + {sup 16}O fusion reaction. The detailed evolution of Coulomb energy differences between the states in {sup 27}Si and {sup 27}Al is explored, including the region above the astrophysical reaction thresholds.
No abstract prepared.
Absolute values of two-particle transfer cross sections along the Sn-isotopic chain are calculated. They agree with measurements within errors and without free parameters. Within this scenario, the predictions concerning the absolute value of the two-particle transfer cross sections associated with the excitation of the pairing vibrational spectrum expected around the recently discovered closed shell nucleus {sub 50}{sup 132}Sn{sub 82} and the very exotic nucleus {sub 50}{sup 100}Sn{sub 50} can be considered quantitative, opening new perspectives in the study of pairing in nuclei.
A series of experiments have been performed to investigate neutron rich beryllium isotopes. Scattering as well as one neutron transfer reactions have been studied using a {sup 11}Be beam on deuteron targets. Bound states of {sup 10,11,12}Be have been studied and reaction cross sections have been calculated. The elastic scattering cross section has shown remarkable structure due to the halo structure of {sup 11}Be.