Irradiation effects on reactor structural materials. Quarterly Progress Report, November 1970--January 1971
Progress report for the period November 1970 through January 1971. Numerous short papers present progress at various labs.
ALPHA PARTICLES↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “STAINLESS STEEL-304”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Post-shock temperatures in minerals
Post-shock temperatures were measured in a wide variety of materials, including those of geophysical interest such as silicates by using an infrared detector to determine the brightness temperature of samples shocked to pressures in the range 5 to approximately 30 GPa. Measurements were made in the 4.5 to 5.75 micron and in the 7 to 14 micron wavelength ranges. Reproducible results, withe the temperatures in the two wavelength bands generally in excellent agreement, were obtained for aluminum-2024 (10.5 to 33 GPa; 125 to 260 C), stainless steel-304 (11.5 to 50 GPa; 80 to 350 C), crystalline quartz (5.0 to 21.5 GPa; 80 to 250 C) forsterite (7.5 to 28.0 GPa; approximately 30 to 160 C) and Bamble bronzite (6.0 to 26.0 GPa; approximately 30 to 225 C). Results are generally much higher at low pressures than the values calculated assuming a hydrodynamic rheology and isentropic release parallel to the Hugoniot but tend towards them at higher pressures.
Raikes, S. A.↗
Post-shock temperatures in minerals
An experimental technique was developed for measuring post-shock temperatures in a wide variety of materials, including those of geophysical interest such as silicates. The technique uses an infrared radiation detector to determine the brightness temperature of samples shocked to pressures in the range 5 to approximately 30 GPa; in these experiments measurements were made in two wavelength ranges (4.5 to 5.75 microns and 7 to 14 microns). Reproducible results, with the temperatures in the two wavelength bands generally in excellent agreement, were obtained for aluminum-2024 (10.5 to 33 GPa, 125 to 260 C), stainless steel-304 (11.5 to 50 GPa, 80 to 350 C), crystalline quartz (5.0 to 21.5 GPa, 80 to 250 C), forsterite (7.5 to 28.0 GPa, approximately 30 to 160 C) and Bamble bronzite (6.0 to 26.0 GPa, approximately 30 to 225 C). It is concluded that release adiabat data should be used, wherever available, for calculations of residual temperature, and that adequate descriptions of the shock and release processes in minerals are more complex than generally assumed.
Raikes, S. A.↗
Measurement of post-shock temperatures in aluminum and stainless steel
Until recently experimental measurements of post-impact temperatures have been obtained only for metals at high pressures. Our aim has been to develop a technique for measuring post-shock temperatures in a variety of materials, including metals and silicates, at pressures in the range of 5 to 50 GPa, providing further insight into the shock process in these substances and additional constraints to available equation of state data. This paper describes the method we have developed, and its application to the determination of post-shock temperatures in aluminum-2024 and stainless steel-304.
Raikes, S. A.↗
Adhesion Capabilities of Permanent Foaming Fixatives
DOE-EM have identified an operational requirement for a fixative that can immobilize and/or encapsulate residual contamination in 3D void volumes (pipes, gloveboxes, waste containers, etc.) during D and D activities. Failure to safely and effectively immobilize residual contamination can: Put workers at risk; Contaminate the public and environment; Drive up costs. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) polyurethane (PU) foams is one possible solution and is currently being investigated by Savannah River National Lab (SRNL). Adhesion testing will dictate how well PU foams will adhere and immobilize residual contamination onto a substrate. Results can provide a performance criteria for Section 5 of ASTM E3191: Standard Specification for Permanent Foaming Fixatives Used to Mitigate Spread of Radioactive Contamination. Initial mechanical testing showed intumescent rigid PU foams were best in class (tensile, compression, TGA/DSC) Application of intumescent rigid PU foam in pipe scenario with 'contamination' showed excellent adhesion capabilities as long as foam had contact with pipe. The foam, however, was not able to penetrate 'contamination' but created pockets where the contamination interacted with the substrate. Pretreatment options of pipe were considered to produce better immobilization capabilities. Pretreatment options included COTS products like baking spray, rubber cement, and soap. Foam was still able to immobilize on a global sense, but not a local sense. Essentially acted as a mechanical plug. A tensile tester (MTS Criterion Series 43) was utilized to evaluate the tensile adhesion strength of 6 COTS PU foams. ASTM D1623: Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics. Procedures: PU foams were cured between two smooth 2'' x 2'' 304 stainless steel coupons with hinges glued on plates for gripping support. Parameters Used: Pull rate of 0.1 in/min. Calculations: Tensile adhesion strength, elongation, and ImageJ analysis of how PU foam is left on substrate. Outcome: The PU foam with the best adhesion capabilities would be downselected for further evaluation to be used as a permanent foaming fixative. The rigid PU foams had the best adhesion capabilities with the R1 foam having a max load of 236 N. One of the I-R2 samples reached almost 450 N and another sample reached 2500 N before slipping. The other intumescent foam, I-F4, had the most coverage on the stainless steel coupon's surface from the ImageJ results (61.43% surface coverage). The intumescent foam, I-R2, will be the foam of choice for future testing due its fire retardant and adhesion capabilities. Future directions: Conduct the following experiment in a pipe scenario with the down-selected PU foam. Procedures: PU foam will be cured between in a 304 stainless steel pipe (ID: 4'', OD: 4.5'', Height: 4''). Parameters Used: Compression testing results will be referenced to determine if foam's adhesion strength would be greater its compression strength as its being compressed. Calculations: Compression strength, shear stress, total time elapsed. Conduct further adhesion testing with the down-selected PU foam (I-R2) to be treated as a permanent foaming fixative (PFF). Determine the minimum contact the PFF should have with the substrate for adequate results. Evaluate if PFF's adhesion capabilities is time dependent (3.1.5 of ASTM E3911). Subject PFF to seismic stressors addressed in Safety Basis of Interim Operation documents (SBIO) to further evaluate adhesion capabilities.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗