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2019 Hyperion 5313A and 5119A Infrasound Sensor Type Approval Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated two variations of a new model of infrasound sensor, the Hyperion 5313A and 5119A. The purpose of this infrasound sensor evaluation is to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as power consumption, sensitivity, full scale, self-noise, dynamic range, response, passband, sensitivity variation due to changes in static pressure and temperature, and sensitivity to vertical acceleration. The Hyperion infrasound sensors are being evaluated for potential use in the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO).
Evaluation of the Nanometrics Centaur Digitizer
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated a new digitizer, the Centaur, manufactured by Nanometrics, Inc. This digitizer is used to record sensor output for seismic and infrasound monitoring applications. The purpose of the digitizer evaluation was to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as power, sensitivity, self-noise, dynamic range, system noise, modified noise power ration, relative transfer function, analog bandwidth, harmonic distortion, common mode, cross talk, timing tag accuracy and timing drift. The Centaur provides six channels of 24 bit digitization, three of which may be transmitted utilizing CD1.1 protocol.
Guralp Affinity Digitizer Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated a new digitizer, the Affinity, manufactured by Guralp Systems. This digitizer is used to record sensor output for seismic and infrasound monitoring applications. The purpose of the digitizer evaluation was to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as sensitivity, power, self-noise, dynamic range, system noise, relative transfer function, modified noise power ratio, analog bandwidth, harmonic distortion, common mode, cross talk, timing tag accuracy and timing drift. The Affinity provides eight, rather the typical six, channels of 24 bit high sample rate digitization, all of which may be transmitted utilizing the CD1.1 protocol, at multiple sample rates.
2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices
In all ocean environments, desirable locations for wave and tidal energy development have multiple natural sources of sound (e.g., waves, wind, and sediment transport), varying levels of anthropogenic and biological noise, and measurement quality challenges (e.g., flow-noise, self-noise). Many marine animals rely on sound for biological functions, including communication, social interaction, orientation, foraging, and evasion. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by frequency (spanning roughly four decades from 10 Hz to 100 kHz) and is taxa-specific. Because of the relatively limited data available, hearing sensitivity is often generalized to taxonomic groups (e.g., cetaceans that have low-frequency hearing specialization). https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/state-of-the-science-2020-chapter-4-underwater-noise
Evaluation the Geotech GS-13BH Borehole Seismic Sensor
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated the Geotech GS-13BH borehole sensor. The sensor provides a response similar to that of the standard GS-13 short-period seismic sensor intended for pier-installations in a borehole package. The purpose of this seismometer evaluation was to determine a measured sensitivity, amplitude and phase response, self-noise and dynamic range, passband and acceleration response of its calibration coil.
Evaluation of Low Cost Infrasound Sensor Packages
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated the performance of the following five models of low-cost infrasound sensors and sensor packages: Camas microphone, Gem Infrasound Logger, InfraBSU sensor, Raspberry Boom, and the Samsung S10 smartphone utilizing the Redvox app. The purpose of this infrasound sensor evaluation is to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as power consumption, sensitivity, self-noise, dynamic range, response, passband, linearity, sensitivity variation due to changes in static pressure and temperature, and sensitivity to vertical acceleration. The infrasound monitoring community has leveraged such sensors and integrated packages in novel ways; better understanding the performance of these units serves the geophysical monitoring community.
2022 MB3a Infrasound Sensor Type Approval Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated an updated version of the MB3a infrasound sensor, designed by CEA and manufactured by SeismoWave. The purpose of this infrasound sensor evaluation is to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as power consumption, sensitivity, full scale, self-noise, dynamic range, response, passband, sensitivity variation due to changes in barometric pressure and temperature, and sensitivity to acceleration. The MB3a infrasound sensors are being evaluated for use in the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Preparatory Commission to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO).
2022 Chaparral 64S Infrasound Sensor Type Approval Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated a new version of the Chaparral 64S infrasound sensor, designed and manufactured by Chaparral Physics. The purpose of this infrasound sensor evaluation is to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as power consumption, sensitivity, full scale, self-noise, dynamic range, response, passband, sensitivity variation due to changes in barometric pressure and temperature, and sensitivity to acceleration. The Chaparral 64S infrasound sensors are being evaluated for use in the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Preparatory Commission to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO).
2023 Reftek Wrangler Digitizer Type Approval Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated the Reftek Wrangler digitizer. The Wrangler digitizers are intended to record sensor output for seismic and infrasound monitoring applications. The purpose of this digitizer evaluation is to measure the performance characteristics in such areas as power consumption, input impedance, sensitivity, full scale, self-noise, dynamic range, system noise, response, passband, and timing. The Wrangler digitizers are being evaluated for potential use in the International Monitoring System (IMS) and On-site Inspection (OSI) components of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
2023 Reftek Colt Seismometer Exploratory Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated three Colt broadband seismometers designed and manufactured by Reftek. The purpose of this seismometer evaluation is to measure performance characteristics in areas such as power consumption, sensitivity, frequency response, full scale, self-noise, dynamic range, calibration system response, and passband. The Colt model of sensors are being evaluated to explore the potential for a future seismometer Type Approval process in the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
2023 T120 Horizon and Slim Posthole Seismometer Exploratory Evaluation
Sandia National Laboratories has tested and evaluated a suite of four T120 broadband seismometers designed and manufactured by Nanometrics. Specifically, two T120 Horizon V2 sensors, one T120 Horizon V1 sensor and one T120 Slim Posthole (PH) sensor were evaluated. The purpose of this seismometer evaluation is to measure performance characteristics in areas such as power consumption, sensitivity, frequency response, full scale, self-noise, dynamic range, calibration system response, and passband. The T120 model of sensors are being evaluated to explore the potential for a future seismometer Type Approval process in the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
DAISY: A Rapid Approach to Evaluating Marine Energy Converter Sound (Final Technical Report)
This project’s objective was to improve the quality of acoustic information about marine energy converters that could be collected from groups of drifting hydrophones, while reducing the costs of deployment and data analysis. This was achieved through technology development addressing four focus areas: (1) minimizing flow-noise and self-noise, (2) integrating metadata streams into a single data acquisition system, (3) developing post-processing routines to facilitate rapid data review, and (4) enabling objective identification of marine energy converter sound against a backdrop of ambient noise using time-delay-of-arrival localization.