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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2003

Internal Rb-Sr Age and Initial Sr-87/Sr-86 of a Silicate Inclusion from the Campo Del Cielo Iron Meteorite

The largest group of iron meteorites, IAB, is distinguished by the presence of diverse silicate inclusions. In principle, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd radiometric dating of these silicate inclusions by internal isochron techniques can determine both the times of melting and parent/daughter ratios in the precursor materials via initial Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios. The Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios could distinguish chondritic precursors from already differentiated silicates. We reported Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd internal ischron ages of 4.52+/-0.03 Ga and 4.50+/-0.04 Ga, respectively, for plagioclase-diopside-rich material in the Caddo County IAB iron meteorite. These results are essentially identical to literature values of its Ar-Ar age of 4.520+/-0.005 Ga and its Sm-Nd age of 4.53+/-0.02 Ga. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the formation and evolution of silicate inclusions in IAB iron meteorites by determination of their initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios combined with higher-resolution chronology and mineralogical and geochemical studies.

Liu, Y.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Sol-Gel Synthesis of La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO(3-x) and Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3-x) Cathode Nanopowders for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Nanopowders of La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO(3-x) (LSC) and Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3-x) (SSC) compositions, which are being investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) with La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O(3-x) (LSGM) as the electrolyte, were synthesized by low-temperature sol-gel method using metal nitrates and citric acid. Thermal decomposition of the citrate gels was followed by simultaneous DSC/TGA methods. Development of phases in the gels, on heat treatments at various temperatures, was monitored by x-ray diffraction. Solgel powders calcined at 550 to 1000 C consisted of a number of phases. Single perovskite phase La(0.6)Sr(0.4)CoO(3-x) or Sm(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3-x) powders were obtained at 1200 and 1300 C, respectively. Morphological analysis of the powders calcined at various temperatures was done by scanning electron microscopy. The average particle size of the powders was approx.15 nm after 700 C calcinations and slowly increased to 70 to 100 nm after heat treatments at 1300 to 1400 C.

Bansal, Narottam P.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd Ages of Zagami DML and SR Isotopic Heterogeneity in Zagami

Zagami contains lithologic heterogeneity suggesting that it did not form in a homogeneous, thick lava flow [1]. We have previously investigated the Sr and Nd isotopic systematics of Coarse-Grained (CG) and Fine-Grained (FG) lithologies described by [2]. Both appear to belong to Normal Zagami (NZ) [1,3], but their initial Sr-isotopic compositions differ [4,5]. Here we report new analyses of the Dark Mottled Lithology (DML, [3]) that show its age and initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions to be identical within error limits with those of CG, but Sr initial isotopic compositions differ from those of FG.

Nyquist, L.aurenceE.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Rb-Sr ages and initial Sr-87/Sr-86 for Apollo 17 basalts and KREEP basalt 15386

The Rb-Sr data reported for Apollo 17 mare basalts and for KREEP basalt 15386 is used to determine mineral isochrons. The weighted average age of four Apollo 17 basalts is 3.76 + or - 0.06 AE, while the age determined for 15386 is 3.94 + or - 0.04 AE. The isotopic data for the Apollo 17 basalts are discussed in the context of Sm and Eu data for the same samples. The Sr-isotopic data are fit best by a three-stage model evolution involving evolution of Sr-87/Sr-86 in an environment with Rb/Sr greater than in the basalts, production of mare basalt source regions of lower but variable Rb/Sr sometime in the interval 4.6 to 3.75 AE ago, and extraction of lavas from these sources 3.75 AE ago. Other possibilities are considered.

Nyquist, L. E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Tracer versus trace element diffusion - Diffusional decoupling of Sr concentration from Sr isotope composition

Chemical diffusivities for nonalkali major, minor, and selected trace elements have been measured at 10 kbar, 1300 C during interdiffusion of dacitic and rhyolitic melts. Sr tracer diffusivities were measured at the same conditions in melts of dacitic and rhyolitic composition and in a diffusion couple of these two melts undergoing simultaneous chemical diffusion. Chemical diffusivities of all elements studied are functions of the silica content of the melt, but at any one silica content the chemical diffusivities of all elements studied are within a factor of five of the Si and Al diffusivities. Si diffusivity varies from 2.8 x 10 to the -9th sq cm/s at 65 percent SiO2 to 5.1 x 10 to the -10th sq cm/s at 75 percent SiO2. The diffusivities of minor and trace elements are proposed to be controlled by the ability of the local melt structure to accommodate these elements while maintaining LTE. The measured Sr tracer diffusivities are an order of magnitude above Sr chemical diffusivities.

Baker, Don R.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Review of the Constellation Level II Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance (SR&QA) Requirements Documents during Participation in the Constellation Level II SR&QA Forum

At the request of the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and the Constellation Program (CxP) Safety, Reliability; and Quality Assurance (SR&QA) Requirements Director, the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) participated in the Cx SR&QA Requirements forum. The Requirements Forum was held June 24-26; 2008, at GRC's Plum Brook Facility. The forums purpose was to gather all stakeholders into a focused meeting to help complete the process of refining the CxP to refine its Level II SR&QA requirements or defining project-specific requirements tailoring. Element prime contractors had raised specific questions about the wording and intent of many requirements in areas they felt were driving costs without adding commensurate value. NESC was asked to provide an independent and thorough review of requirements that contractors believed were driving Program costs, by active participation in the forum. This document contains information from the forum.

Cameron, Kenneth D.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Inversion of the resonance line of Sr/+/ produced by optically pumping Sr atoms

A description is presented of an experiment which demonstrates the selective production of excited-state ions by an optical absorption from neutrals. An inversion on the resonance line of Sr(+) was produced by laser excitation of a two-electron transition, followed by ionization of one of the excited electrons by the same laser. A pulsed, mode-locked laser operating at 2680 A was used to excite atoms from the Sr ground level. The same laser then ionized the excited atoms. The 2680-A pump beam was generated by frequency doubling the output of a synchronously pumped mode-locked dye laser in a KDP crystal. It is pointed out that the reported results are significant for the construction of vacuum-ultraviolet and X-ray lasers. Many of the proposed methods for making such lasers depend on the selective production of excited-state ions.

Green, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

In-flight acoustic test results for the SR-2 and SR-3 advanced-design propellers

Several advanced-design propellers, previously tested in the wind tunnel at the Lewis Research Center, have been tested in flight at the Dryden Flight Research Facility. The flight-test propellers were mounted on a pylon on the top of the fuselage of a JetStar airplane. Acoustic data for the advanced-design SR-2 and SR-3 propellers at Mach numbers to 0.8 and helical-tip Mach numbers to 1.15 are presented; maximum blade-passage frequency sound-pressure levels are also compared.

Lasagna, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Noise of the 10-bladed, 40 deg swept SR-6 propeller in a wind tunnel

The noise generated by supersonic helical-tip-speed propellers is a likely cabin environment problem for future airplanes powered by these propellers. Three propeller models with different tip sweeps. SR-1M, SR-2, and SR-3, designed for 244 m/sec (800 ft/sec) tip speed at a flight Mach number of 0.8 were previously tested in the NASA Lewis 8- by 6-Foot Wind Tunnel. In order to investigated another design point condition, the SR-6 propeller was designed for 213 m-sec (700 ft/sec) tip speed at a flight Mach number of 0.8. The noise data from this propeller are reported herein. Curves of blade passing frequency noise versus tip Mach number (at constant advance ratio) showed that the SR-6 propeller behaved similarly to the SR-1M propeller. The noise of the SR-6 propeller at its design condition, helical tip Mach number of 1.07, is approximately 3 dB quieter than the SR-2 propeller at its higher design helical tip Mach number of 1.15, but about 2.5 dB noisier than SR-3 at its design condition. The helical tip Mach number shift of the steep noise rise followed the same progression as the blade sweep angle for all of the propellers. When operated at the SR-3 design point, the SR-6 propeller was approximately 1.5 dB quieter than SR-2 and 4 dB noisier than SR-3.

Dittmar, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Silica-Aerogel Composites Opacified with La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3

As part of an effort to develop improved lightweight thermal-insulation tiles to withstand temperatures up to 1,000 C, silica aerogel/fused-quartz-fiber composite materials containing La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 particles as opacifiers have been investigated as potentially offering thermal conductivities lower than those of the otherwise equivalent silica-aerogel composite materials not containing La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles. The basic idea of incorporating opacifying particles into silica-aerogels composite to reduce infrared radiative contributions to thermal conductivities at high temperatures is not new: it has been reported in a number of previous NASA Tech Briefs articles. What is new here is the selection of La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles as candidate opacifiers that, in comparison with some prior opacifiers (carbon black and metal nanoparticles), are more thermally stable. The preparation of a composite material of the present type includes synthesis of the silica-aerogel component in a sol-gel process. The La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles, made previously in a separate process, are mixed into the sol, which is then cast onto fused-quartz-fiber batting. Then the aerogel-casting solution is poured into the mold, where it permeates the silica fiber felt. After the sol has gelled, the casting is aged and then subjected to supercritical drying to convert the gel to the final aerogel form. The separate process for making the La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles begins with the slow addition of corresponding proportions of La(CH3COOH)3, Mn(CH3COOH)3, and Sr(NO3)2 to a solution of H2O2 in H2O. The solution is then peptized by drop-wise addition of NH4OH to obtain a sol. Next, the sol is dried in an oven at a temperature of 120 C to obtain a glassy solid. The solid is calcined at 700 C to convert it to La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3. Then La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles are made by ball-milling the calcined solid. The effectiveness of La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles as opacifiers and thermal-conductivity reducers depends on the statistical distribution of particle sizes as well as the relative proportions of La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 and aerogel. For experiments performed thus far, samples of aerogel/fiber composites were formulated to have, variously, silica target density of 0.07 or 0.14 g/cu cm and to contain 30 percent of La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 in average particle size of 0.3 or 3 microns. The thermal conductivities of the samples containing the 3 micron La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles were found to be lower than those of the samples containing the 0.3 micron La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 particles. The optimum particle size is believed to be between 1 and 5 microns.

Rhine, Wendell↗
NASA NTRS1989

Sr isotopic variations in Upper Proterozoic carbonates from Svalbard and East Greenland

Precambrian Sr isotope stratigraphy was investigated by determining variations in Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios in the Upper Proterozoic carbonate succession from Svalbard and East Greenland. Data from this study were combined with those from literature to construct a curve of Sr-87/Sr-86 versus time for Upper Proterozoic seawater. The curve for the Upper Riphean-Vandian showed that the isotopic composition of Sr in seawater was low (Delta Sr-87 of about -500) between 900 and 650 Ma but rose rapidly to about +30 by 600 Ma (this range of long-term variation exceeds the total Phanerozoic variation). The very low values of Delta Sr-87 inferred for the Riphean require that, for this time, the submarine hydrothermal water flux was a large fraction of the Sr input to the oceans, while the rise in Delta Sr-87 in the Upper Proterozoic seawater reflects both a change in the ratio of hydrothermal and continental fluxes of Sr to the oceans, and a change in the isotopic composition of Sr from continental sources.

Derry, Louis A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Fine resolution chronology based on initial Sr-87/Sr-86

It has been recognized that small variations in initial Sr-87/Sr-86 (Sr(sub I)), can provide a fine scale relative chronology for the chemical fractionation of materials with low Rb/Sr from parent reservoirs with high Rb/Sr. Similarly, Sr(sub I), as determined for low Rb/Sr phases in meteorites, may permit a fine resolution chronology of the recrystallization or metamorphism of planetary materials. For the establishment of a primitive Sr-87/Sr-86 chronology, it is important to search for samples with extremely low Rb/Sr for which the measured Sr-87/Sr-86 is below BABI, in which case the primitive nature of the Sr can be directly established. Using the measured Rb/Sr to calculate an initial Sr-87/Sr-86 can introduce substantial uncertainty if the Rb-Sr are disturbed. We report Sr-87/Sr-86 in plagioclase from silicate pebbles from the Vaca Muerta mesosiderite on which we have reported Sm-147-Nd-143 and Ne-142 correlations. For the purpose of cross-calibration with our previous work we have performed extensive new measurements on Angra dos Reis and on anorthite from Moore County, which have very low Rb/Sr and primitive Sr-87/Sr-86.

Stewart, B. W.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Subaru Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of Misaligned Disks Around the SR 24 Hierachical Triple System

The SR 24 multistar system hosts both circumprimary and circumsecondary disks, which are strongly misaligned with each other. The circumsecondary disk is circumbinary in nature. Interestingly, both disks are interacting, and they possibly rotate in opposite directions. To investigate the nature of this unique twin disk system, we present 0.″1 resolution near-infrared polarized intensity images of the circumstellar structures around SR 24, obtained with HiCIAO mounted on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. Both the circumprimary disk and the circumsecondary disk are resolved and have elongated features. While the position angle of the major axis and radius of the near-IR (NIR) polarization disk around SR 24S are 55° and 137 au, respectively, those around SR 24N are 110° and 34 au, respectively. With regard to overall morphology, the circumprimary disk around SR 24S shows strong asymmetry, whereas the circumsecondary disk around SR 24N shows relatively strong symmetry. Our NIR observations confirm the previous claim that the circumprimary and circumsecondary disks are misaligned from each other. Both the circumprimary and circumsecondary disks show similar structures in 12CO observations in terms of its size and elongation direction. This consistency is because both NIR and 12CO are tracing surface layers of the flared disks. As the radius of the polarization disk around SR 24N is roughly consistent with the size of the outer Roche lobe, it is natural to interpret the polarization disk around SR 24N as a circumbinary disk surrounding the SR 24Nb─Nc system.

Satoshi Mayama↗
NASA NTRS1990

Ternary and quaternary oxides of Bi, Sr, and Cu

Before the discovery of superconductivity in an oxide of Bi, Sr, and Cu, the system Bi-Sr-Cu-O had not been studied, although several solid phases had been identified in the two-component regions of the ternary system Bi2O3-SrO-CuO. The oxides Sr2CuO3, SrCu2O2, SrCuO2, and Bi2CuO4 were then well known and characterized, and the phase diagram of the binary system Bi2O3 -SrO had been established in the temperature range 620 to 1000 C. Besides nine solutions of compositions Bi(2-2x) Sr(x) O(3-2x) and different symmetries, this diagram includes three definite compounds of stoichiometries Bi(2)SrO4, Bi2Sr2O5, and Bi2Sr3O6 (x = 0.50, 0.67 and 0.75 respectively), only the second of which with known unit-cell of orthorhombic symmetry, dimensions (A) a = 14.293(2), b = 7.651(2), c = 6.172(1), and z = 4. The first superconducting oxide in the system Bi-Sr-Cu-O was initially formulated as Bi2Sr2Cu2O(7+x), with an orthorhombic unit-cell of parameters (A) a = 5.32, b = 26.6, c = 48.8. In a preliminary study the same oxide was formulated with half the copper content, Bi(2)Sr(2)CuO(6+x), and indexed its reflections assuming an orthorhombic unit-cell of dimensions (A) a = 5.390(2), b = 26.973(8), c = 24.69(4). Subsequent studies by diffraction techniques have confirmed the composition 2:2:1. A new family of oxygen-deficient perovskites, was characterized, after identifying by x ray diffraction the phases present in the products of thermal treatments of about 150 mixtures of analytical grade Bi2O3, Sr(OH)2-8H2O and CuO at different molar ratios. X ray diffraction data are presented for some other oxides of Bi and Sr, as well as for various quaternary oxides, among them an oxide of Bi, Sr, and Cu.

Casais, M. T.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Ternary and quaternary oxides of Bi, Sr and Cu

Before the discovery of superconductivity in an oxide of Bi, Sr, and Cu, the system Bi-Sr-Cu-O had not been studied, although several solid phases had been identified in the two-component regions of the ternary system Bi2O3-Si-O-CuO. The oxides Sr2CuO3, SrCu2O2, SrCuO2, and Bi2CuO4 were then well known and characterized, and the phase diagram of the binary system Bi2O3-SrO had been established in the temperature range 620 to 1000 C. Besides nine solutions of compositions Bi(2-2x) Sr(x) O(3-2x) and different symmetries, this diagram includes three definite compounds of stoichiometries Bi(2)BrO4. Bi2Sr2O5, and Bi2Sr3O6 (x - 0.50, 0.67 and 0.75 respectively), only the second of which with known unit-cell of orthorhombic symmetry, dimensions (A) a = 14.293(2), b = 7.651(2), c = 6.172(1), and z = 4. The first superconducting oxide in the system Bi-Sr-Cu-O was initially formulated as Bi2Sr2Cu2O(7+x), with an orthorhombic unit-cell of parameters (A) a = 5.32, b = 26.6, c = 48.8. In a preliminary study the same oxide was formulated with half the copper content, Bi(2)Sr(2)CuO(6+x), and index its reflections assuming an orthorhombic unit-cell of dimensions (A) a = 5.390(2), b = 26.973(8), c = 24.69(4). Subsequent studies by diffraction techniques have confirmed the composition 2:2:1. A new family of oxygen-deficient perovskites, was characterized, after identifying by x ray diffraction the phases present in the products of thermal treatments of about 150 mixtures of analytical grade Bi2O3, Sr(OH)2-8H2O and CuO at different molar ratios. X ray diffraction data are presented for some other oxides of Bi and Sr, as well as for various quaternary oxides, among them an oxide of Bi, Sr, and Cu.

Casais, M. T.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The effect of Sr and Bi on the Si(100) surface oxidation - Auger electron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study

The effect of Sr and Bi on the oxidation of the Si(100) surface has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy, low electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A dramatic enhancement, by a factor of 10, of the Si oxidation has been observed for Si(100) with a Sr overlayer. The SR-enhanced Si oxidation has been studied as a function of O2 exposure and Sr coverage. In contrast to the oxidation promotion of Sr on Si, it has been also observed that a Bi overlayer on Si(100) reduced Si oxidation significantly. Sr adsorption on the Si(100) with a Bi overlayer enhances Si oxidation only at Sr coverage of greater than 0.3 ML.

Fan, W. C.↗