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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

MassIVE MSV000085948 - Utilization of syringyl lignin-derived compounds and production of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid by Pseudomonas putida KT2440: Lignin is an abundant aromatic polymer formed in plants by coupling reactions of p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (P. putida KT2440), a robust soil bacterium, naturally catabolizes many aromatic compounds derived from lignin as carbon and energy sources and has been extensively engineered to valorize guaiacyl (G) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) lignin-derived aromatic species to valuable chemicals. However, only a few studies report the capacity of Pseudomonads to grow on syringyl (S) lignin-derived compounds. In this work, we demonstrate that P. putida KT2440 catabolizes syringate in the presence of an auxiliary energy source. Overexpression of vanAB, encoding a native Rieske non-heme iron monooxygenase, enabled catabolism of syringate and syringaldehyde without an additional carbon and energy source. In vitro biochemical characterization of VanAB confirmed that this enzyme O-demethylates syringate to 3-O-methylgallate and, subsequently, 3-O-methylgallate to gallate, albeit 4- and 55-fold less efficiently than vanillate, respectively. Transcriptomics and proteomics experiments demonstrate that the galADBC transcripts and enzymes required for gallate catabolism are induced when vanAB is overexpressed during cultivation in syringate. Further, we show that that the endogenous protocatechuate-3,4-dioxygenase PcaHG ring-opens gallate to produce 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a promising bio-based chemical. Constitutive overexpression of vanAB and pcaHG along with galA deletion enabled PDC production from SA at a 70% (mol/mol) yield. Furthermore, leveraging the LigAB dioxygenase from Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 and VanAB O-demethylase from Pseudomonas sp. HR199 enabled simultaneous conversion of monomers with S-, G-, and H-type functionality to PDC at 82% (mol/mol) yield. Overall, this study elucidates a native pathway for catabolism of syringyl lignin-derived compounds in P. putida KT2440 and demonstrates the potential of this robust host for biological funneling of substrates derived from all three canonical monolignols.

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Beckham, Gregg↗
DOE OSTI2019

Anaerobic Degradation of Syringic Acid by an Adapted Strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

ABSTRACT While lignin represents a major fraction of the carbon in plant biomass, biological strategies to convert the components of this heterogeneous polymer into products of industrial and biotechnological value are lacking. Syringic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a by-product of lignin degradation, appearing in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, deconstructed lignin streams, and other agricultural products. Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 is a known degrader of phenolic compounds under photoheterotrophic conditions via the benzoyl coenzyme A (CoA) degradation (BAD) pathway. However, R. palustris CGA009 is reported to be unable to metabolize meta -methoxylated phenolics, such as syringic acid. We isolated a strain of R. palustris (strain SA008.1.07), adapted from CGA009, which can grow on syringic acid under photoheterotrophic conditions, utilizing it as a sole source of organic carbon and reducing power. An SA008.1.07 mutant with an inactive benzoyl-CoA reductase structural gene was able to grow on syringic acid, demonstrating that the metabolism of this aromatic compound is not through the BAD pathway. Comparative gene expression analyses of SA008.1.07 implicated the involvement of products of the vanARB operon ( rpa3619 , rpa3620 , rpa3621 ), which has been described as catalyzing aerobic aromatic ring demethylation in other bacteria, in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. In addition, experiments with a vanARB deletion mutant demonstrated the involvement of the vanARB operon in anaerobic syringic acid degradation. These observations provide new insights into the anaerobic degradation of meta -methoxylated and other aromatics by R. palustris . IMPORTANCE Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer on Earth and a resource that could eventually substitute for fossil fuels as a source of aromatic compounds for industrial and biotechnological applications. Engineering microorganisms for the production of aromatic-based biochemicals requires detailed knowledge of the metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatics that are present in lignin. Our isolation and analysis of a Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain capable of syringic acid degradation reveal a previously unknown metabolic route for aromatic degradation in R. palustris . This study highlights several key features of this pathway and sets the stage for a more complete understanding of the microbial metabolic repertoire required to metabolize aromatic compounds from lignin and other renewable sources.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Understanding syringeability and injectability of high molecular weight PEO solution through time-dependent force-distance profiles

Opioid medications play a vital role in treating moderate to severe pain. Unfortunately, many drug misusers and abusers attempt to alter the formulations or properties of these drugs by manipulation, (e.g., crushing, chewing, smoking, snorting, injecting). The intravenous (IV) route is most dangerous to abusers, as the drugs directly enter the circulatory system and produce intense euphoria. To obtain a full understanding of the impact of syringe factors (e.g., needle gauge size, needle length, syringe barrel size), on the ease of injection, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of syringeability and injectability of manipulated abuse-deterrent formulations (ADFs). A texture analyzer-based testing method was developed for the measurement of the resistance force of pulling, holding, and pushing phases of injections. Results showed that the finer needle gauge sizes required higher injection force to withdraw drug solutions. In addition, the syringed liquid volume was highly dependent on needle gauge size, holding time, and sample viscosity. In most cases, a lower needle gauge number and a longer holding time increased the syringed volume. Needle length was highly correlated to injection force (R 2 = 0.99). Using longer needles to inject drug solution requires greater force. Furthermore, large barrel size was correlated to pushing force (R 2 = 0.99); thus, increasing the difficulty of pushing the plunger of a large syringe with one hand. Lastly, relationships between injection force, sample viscosity, and testing conditions were elucidated using a mathematical model, which could be used in the future to assess and predict injection force of solution samples.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1970

Combination syringe provides air-free blood samples

Standard syringe and spinal needle are combined in unique manner to secure air-free blood samples. Combination syringe obtains air free samples because air bubbles become insignificant when samples greater than 1 cc are drawn.

Pool, S. L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Solute-Filled Syringe For Formulating Intravenous Solution

Prefilled syringe contains premeasured amount of solute in powder or concentrate form used to deliver solute to sterile interior of large-volume parenteral (LVP) bag. Predetermined amount of sterile water also added to LVP bag through sterilizing filter, and mixed with contents of syringe, yielding sterile intravenous solution of specified concentration.

Owens, Jim↗
NASA NTRS2003

Syringe filtration methods for examining dissolved and colloidal trace element distributions in remote field locations

It is well-established that sampling and sample processing can easily introduce contamination into dissolved trace element samples if precautions are not taken. However, work in remote locations sometimes precludes bringing bulky clean lab equipment into the field and likewise may make timely transport of samples to the lab for processing impossible. Straightforward syringe filtration methods are described here for collecting small quantities (15 mL) of 0.45- and 0.02-microm filtered river water in an uncontaminated manner. These filtration methods take advantage of recent advances in analytical capabilities that require only small amounts of waterfor analysis of a suite of dissolved trace elements. Filter clogging and solute rejection artifacts appear to be minimal, although some adsorption of metals and organics does affect the first approximately 10 mL of water passing through the filters. Overall the methods are clean, easy to use, and provide reproducible representations of the dissolved and colloidal fractions of trace elements in river waters. Furthermore, sample processing materials can be prepared well in advance in a clean lab and transported cleanly and compactly to the field. Application of these methods is illustrated with data from remote locations in the Rocky Mountains and along the Yukon River. Evidence from field flow fractionation suggests that the 0.02-microm filters may provide a practical cutoff to distinguish metals associated with small inorganic and organic complexes from those associated with silicate and oxide colloids.

Colloids/analysis↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transcriptomic data sets for Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444 and a ΔSARO_RS14285 mutant grown in the presence of glucose and either protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic, or 4-coumaric acid

The SARO_RS14285 gene, encoding a transcription factor, was deleted in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. The transcriptomes of the parent and ΔSARO_RS14285 strains were determined when grown in medium containing glucose with or without protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic, or 4-coumaric acid. We present the raw RNA sequencing data obtained from these cultures.

Novosphingobium aromaticivorans↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dynamic_Syringe_Pump_Controller

A LabVIEW based programmable user interface for operating ISCO D-series and SyriXus-series syringe pumps that enables advanced user operations and integration with auxiliary data sources.

Frash, Luke↗
NASA NTRS1979

Automated syringe sampler

Device is designed primarily for remotely collecting field samples of water or air from polluted sources or from tracer gases used to track such sources over long distances.

Purgold, G. C.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Automated syringe sampler

A number of sampling services are disposed in a rack which slides into a housing. In response to a signal from an antenna, the circutry elements are activated which provide power individually, collectively, or selectively to a servomechanism thereby moving an actuator arm and the attached jawed bracket supporting an evaculated tube towards a stationary needle. One open end of the needle extends through the side wall of a conduit to the interior and the other open end is maintained within the protective sleeve, supported by a bifurcated bracket. A septum in punctured by the end of the needle within the sleeve and a sample of the fluid medium in the conduit flows through the needle and is transferred to a tube. The signal to the servo is then reversed and the actuator arm moves the tube back to its original position permitting the septum to expand and seal the hole made by the needle. The jawed bracket is attached by pivot to the actuator to facilitate tube replacement.

Purgold, G. C.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spatial inequities in access to medications for treatment of opioid use disorder highlight scarcity of methadone providers under counterfactual scenarios

Access to treatment and medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is essential in reducing opioid use and associated behavioral risks, such as syringe sharing among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Syringe sharing among PWID carries high risk of transmission of serious infections such as hepatitis C and HIV. MOUD resources, such as methadone provider clinics, however, are often unavailable to PWID due to barriers like long travel distance to the nearest methadone provider and the required frequency of clinic visits. The goal of this study is to examine the uncertainty in the effects of travel distance in initiating and continuing methadone treatment and how these interact with different spatial distributions of methadone providers to impact co-injection (syringe sharing) risks. A baseline scenario of spatial access was established using the existing locations of methadone providers in a geographical area of metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, USA. Next, different counterfactual scenarios redistributed the locations of methadone providers in this geographic area according to the densities of both the general adult population and according to the PWID population per zip code. We define different reasonable methadone access assumptions as the combinations of short, medium, and long travel distance preferences combined with three urban/suburban travel distance preference. Our modeling results show that when there is a low travel distance preference for accessing methadone providers, distributing providers near areas that have the greatest need (defined by density of PWID) is best at reducing syringe sharing behaviors. However, this strategy also decreases access across suburban locales, posing even greater difficulty in regions with fewer transit options and providers. As such, without an adequate number of providers to give equitable coverage across the region, spatial distribution cannot be optimized to provide equitable access to all PWID. Our study has important implications for increasing interest in methadone as a resurgent treatment for MOUD in the United States and for guiding policy toward improving access to MOUD among PWID.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1989

Compact Apparatus Grows Protein Crystals

Laboratory apparatus provides delicately balanced combination of materials and chemical conditions for growth of protein crystals. Apparatus and technique for growth based on hanging-drop method for crystallization of macromolecules. Includes pair of syringes with ganged plungers. One syringe contains protein solution; other contains precipitating-agent solution. Syringes intrude into cavity lined with porous reservoir material saturated with 1 mL or more of similar precipitating-agent solution. Prior to activation, ends of syringes plugged to prevent transport of water vapor among three solutions.

Bugg, Charles E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Macromolecular crystal growing system

A macromolecular crystal growing system especially designed for growing crystals in the low gravity of space as well as the gravity of earth includes at least one tray assembly, a carrier assembly which receives the tray, and a refrigeration-incubation module in which the carrier assembly is received. The tray assembly includes a plurality of sealed chambers with a plastic syringe and a plug means for the double tip of the syringe provided therein. Ganging mechanisms operate the syringes and plugs simultaneously in a precise and smooth operation. Preferably, the tray assemblies are mounted on ball bearing slides for smooth operation in inserting and removing the tray assemblies into the carrier assembly. The plugging mechanism also includes a loading control mechanism. A mechanism for leaving a syringe unplugged is also provided.

Snyder, Robert S.↗